Relationship between time from symptom's onset to diagnosis and prognosis in patients with symptomatic colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Controversy exists regarding the relationship of the outcome of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) with the time from symptom onset to diagnosis. The aim of this study is to investigate this association, with the assumption that this relationship was nonlinear and with adjustment for multiple confounders, such as tumor grade, symptoms, or admission to an emergency department. METHODS: This multicenter study with prospective follow-up was performed in five regions of Spain from 2010 to 2012. Symptomatic cases of incident CRC from a previous study were examined. At the time of diagnosis, each patient was interviewed, and the associated hospital and clinical records were reviewed. During follow-up, the clinical records were reviewed again to assess survival. Cox survival analysis with a restricted cubic spline was used to model overall and CRC-specific survival, with adjustment for variables related to the patient, health service, and tumor. RESULTS: A total of 795 patients had symptomatic CRC and 769 of them had complete data on diagnostic delay and survival. Univariate analysis indicated a lower HR for death in patients who had diagnostic intervals less than 4.2 months. However, after adjustment for variables related to the patient, tumor, and utilized health service, there was no relationship of the diagnostic delay with survival of patients with colon and rectal cancer, colon cancer alone, or rectal cancer alone. Cubic spline analysis indicated an inverse association of the diagnostic delay with 5-year survival. However, this association was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that the duration of diagnostic delay had no significant effect on the outcome of patients with CRC. We suggest that the most important determinant of the duration of diagnostic delay is the biological profile of the tumor. However, it remains the responsibility of community health centers and authorities to minimize diagnostic delays in patients with CRC and to implement initiatives that improve early diagnosis and provide better outcomes.

Comparison of technical parameters and women's experience between self-compression and standard compression modes in mammography screening: a single-blind randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: We compared the compression force, breast thickness, and glandular dose, as well as the severity of discomfort and women's experience between the patient-assisted compression (PAC) and standard compression (SC) modes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective randomized controlled study at Hospital del Mar in Barcelona, Spain. We included 448 asymptomatic women aged 50 to 69 years old, attending their screening round from December 2017 to December 2019. Mammograms included the two bilateral views. In each woman, one breast was studied with SC and the other with PAC. The mode used in each breast was selected following a randomized list. Compression force, breast thickness, and average glandular dose were obtained for each of the 1792 images. We also recorded the degree of discomfort and women's experience, after mammogram acquisitions, using a predefined survey. RESULTS: Higher compression forces were obtained with PAC than with SC (99.27 N vs 83.25 N, p < 0.001). Breast thickness mode (56.11 mm vs 57.52 mm, p = 0.015) and glandular dose (1.34 mGy vs 1.37 mGy, p = 0.018) were lower in PAC. The discomfort score was slightly higher with PAC (mean 3.94 vs 3.69, p = 0.042), but in the satisfaction survey, more women reported that PAC caused less discomfort. Additionally, 63.2% of women (289/448) preferred PAC. CONCLUSION: PAC achieved higher compression forces without impairing the other technical imaging parameters and enhanced women's experience of screening mammography. We believe there were no clinically significant differences in the severity of discomfort between the two modes. KEY POINTS: • Self-compression allows higher compression forces than the standard compression mode. • Self-compression does not affect technical imaging parameters. • Self-compression improved women's experience of screening mammography when standard compression was used on one breast and self-compression on the other.

Does the patient-assisted compression mode affect the mammography quality? A within-woman randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the image quality of a mammography screening device using the patient-assisted compression (PAC) compared with the standard compression (SC) mode. METHODS: This prospective within-woman, randomized controlled trial was conducted between September 2017 and December 2019. Participants were asymptomatic women aged 50 to 69 years attending their second or subsequent screening mammography round. By random assignment, one breast underwent the SC and the other breast, the PAC. Image quality was evaluated as perfect, good, moderate, or inadequate (PGMI) on 10 criteria for the craniocaudal (CC) view and 8 criteria for the mediolateral oblique (MLO) view. Pearson's chi-square test, with Yates' correction if pertinent, was performed to compare image quality between compression modes. RESULTS: A total of 444 participants were included (mean [± standard deviation] age, 60 [± 4.9] years). There were no differences in the percentages of PGMI between the PAC and SC modes for the CC view (perfect, 37% [162/444] vs 37% [163/444]; good, 1% [5/444] vs 2% [9/444]; moderate, 62% [277/444] vs 61% [271/444]; inadequate, 0% vs 0.2% [1/444]; p = .88) or for the MLO view (perfect, 53% [237/444] vs 56% [247/444]; good, 22% [99/444] vs 22% [97/444]; moderate, 23% [102/444] vs 22% [98/444]; inadequate, 1% [6/444] vs 0.5% [2/444]; p = .72). No differences were found when we stratified by laterality or when analyzed by PGMI criteria. CONCLUSION: PAC does not seem to impair mammographic image quality. Future research should focus in a daily practice setting. KEY POINTS: No differences were found in the distribution of the PGMI classification, a tool for quality assessment, between patient-assisted compression and standard compression. Similar results were found on stratification of image quality by mammographic view and breast laterality for both types of compression. None of the PGMI criteria had significantly more errors in patient-assisted compression than in standard compression.

Factors that Influence Treatment Delay for Patients with Breast Cancer.

INTRODUCTION: The diagnosis or treatment of breast cancer is sometimes delayed. A lengthy delay may have a negative psychological impact on patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate the sociodemographic, clinical and pathological factors associated with delay in the provision of surgical treatment for localised breast cancer, in a prospective cohort of patients. METHODS: This observational, prospective, multicentre study was conducted in ten hospitals belonging to the Spanish national public health system, located in four Autonomous Communities (regions). The study included 1236 patients, diagnosed through a screening programme or found to be symptomatic, between April 2013 and May 2015. The study variables analysed included each patient's personal history, care situation, tumour history and data on the surgical intervention, pathological anatomy, hospital admission and follow-up. Treatment delay was defined as more than 30 days elapsed between biopsy and surgery. RESULTS: Over half of the study population experienced surgical treatment delay. This delay was greater for patients with no formal education and among widows, persons not requiring assistance for usual activities, those experiencing anxiety or depression, those who had a high BMI or an above-average number of comorbidities, those who were symptomatic, who did not receive NMR spectroscopy, who presented a histology other than infiltrating ductal carcinoma or who had poorly differentiated carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: Certain sociodemographic and clinical variables are associated with surgical treatment delay. This study identifies factors that influence surgical delays, highlighting the importance of preventing these factors and of raising awareness among the population at risk and among health personnel.

Effect of an information leaflet on breast cancer screening participation: A cluster randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of an information leaflet about the risk-benefit balance of breast cancer screening on women's participation. METHODS: This cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted within a population-based breast cancer screening program and included women from the catchment areas of two hospitals in Barcelona, Spain. We evaluated women aged 50-69 years invited to screening between September 2019 and January 2020. The intervention group received an information leaflet on the benefits and harms of mammography screening. The control group received the usual invitation letter. The clusters consisted of the processing days of the invitation letter, assigned to the intervention with a simple random allocation scheme. We compared the participation rate at the individual level between groups, stratified by hospital and by per-protocol and intention-to-treat analyses. RESULTS: We included 11,119 women (137 clusters): 5416 in the intervention group (66 clusters) and 5703 in the control group (71 clusters). A total of 36% (1964/5393) of the women in the intervention group and 37% (2135/5694) of those in the control group attended screening, respectively. Overall, we found no differences in participation among groups (difference in participation - 1.1%; 95%CI; - 2.9 to 0.7%). In a hospital attending a population with a low socioeconomic status, attendance was lower in the intervention group (- 1.4, 95%CI: - 5.7% to - 0.03%). CONCLUSIONS: Overall participation in our program was unaffected by a new information leaflet on the risk-benefit balance of breast cancer screening. However, participation was lower in certain populations with lower socioeconomic status TRIAL REGISTRATION: Trial registration number ISRCTN13848929 .

Risk of hospital readmission and associated factors after a positive sample for a multidrug-resistant microorganism.

BACKGROUND: To determine the risk of hospital readmission and associated factors in patients with a positive sample for multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MRM) and to analyze whether there is a higher risk of hospital readmission with some of the more common MRM. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study (2012-16) performed in a tertiary-care teaching hospital in Barcelona. Patients were divided into two groups, depending on the presence or absence of an MRM-positive sample during hospital admission. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the risk of hospital readmission in the first 30 and 90 days, and the first year for patients with an MRM-positive sample compared with those without. The models were stratified by the presence or absence of an MRM-positive sample and by grouped Charlson comorbidity index. RESULTS: We included 983 patients with an MRM-positive sample and 39 323 patients without. The risk of hospital readmission in the first 30 days was 41% higher in admitted patients with an MRM-positive sample (95%CI=1.17 to 1.69) than in those without. Stratified models showed similar results to the overall results for all Charlson comorbidity index groups. When the models were stratified by the presence of an MRM-positive sample, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest risk of readmissions within the more common MRM [103% (95%CI=1.10 to 3.75)]. CONCLUSION: MRMs seem to be an important risk factor for hospital readmissions both among patients with and without comorbidities. Specific types of MRM may represent a higher risk for hospital readmissions than other MRMs, depending on the particular environment or hospital.

Adherence to follow-up in high-risk adenoma patients diagnosed by, and excluded from the Barcelona colorectal cancer screening programme. / Adherencia al seguimiento de las personas con adenoma de alto riesgo diagnosticadas y excluidas del Programa de detección precoz de cáncer de colon y recto de Barcelona.

INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer screening programmes have been shown to reduce incidence and mortality. High-risk adenomas (HRA) are the most frequently diagnosed lesions in these programmes, and these patients are referred to a specialist. However, few studies have evaluated the adherence of HRA patients to the recommended endoscopic follow-up. OBJECTIVES: To analyse follow-up adherence and duration in patients diagnosed with HRA in a screening programme. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with HRA within one of the participating hospitals of the colorectal cancer screening programme of Barcelona, during the first round of the programme (2010-2011). The follow-up period was 75.5 months. Descriptive analyses, logistic regression and survival models were performed. RESULTS: 602 patients were included in the study, 66.6% of which were men. The adherence rate was 83.7% (n=504). Follow-up colonoscopy was performed within the recommended time (36±6months) in 57.7%, with a mean follow-up of 34 months. The Cox regression only showed differences at the socioeconomic level, with a lower adherence rate in the most deprived quintile (HR 0.70; 95% CI, 0.53-0.93). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to previous studies, the follow-up adherence rate is considered to be acceptable. However, follow-up was not performed within the recommended time frame in a high proportion of cases. There is a need to further explore the reasons leading to lower follow-up adherence in the most deprived socioeconomic group and to increase the equity of the programme beyond participation.

Impact of comorbid conditions on participation in an organised colorectal cancer screening programme: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: There is controversy regarding how comorbidity impacts on colorectal cancer screening, especially in the context of organised programmes. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of comorbidities on participation in the Barcelona population-based colorectal cancer screening programme (BCCSP). METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out in ten primary care centres involved in the BCCSP. Individuals aged 50 to 69, at average risk of colorectal cancer, who were invited to participate in the first round of the faecal immunochemical test-based BCCSP were included (2011-2012). The main variable was participation in the BCCSP. Comorbidity was assessed by clinical risk group status. Other adjusting variables were age, sex, socioeconomic deprivation, visits to primary care, smoking, alcohol consumption and body mass index. Logistic regression models were used to test the association between participation in the programme and potential explanatory variables. The results were given as incidence rate ratios (IRR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Of the 36,208 individuals included, 17,404 (48%) participated in the BCCSP. Participation was statistically significantly higher in women, individuals aged 60 to 64, patients with intermediate socioeconomic deprivation, and patients with more medical visits. There was a higher rate of current smoking, high-risk alcohol intake, obesity and individuals in the highest comorbidity categories in the non-participation group. In the adjusted analysis, only individuals with multiple minor chronic diseases were more likely to participate in the BCCSP (IRR 1.14; 95% CI [1.06 to 1.22]; p < 0.001). In contrast, having three or more dominant chronic diseases was associated with lower participation in the screening programme (IRR 0.76; 95% CI [0.65 to 0.89]; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Having three or more dominant chronic diseases, was associated with lower participation in a faecal immunochemical test-based colorectal cancer screening programme, whereas individuals with multiple minor chronic diseases were more likely to participate. Further research is needed to explore comorbidity as a cause of non-participation in colorectal cancer screening programmes and which individuals could benefit most from colorectal cancer screening.

The impact of screening on short-term outcome after surgery for colorectal cancer.

AIM: To investigate the influence of a screening program on the short-term outcome of patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. METHODS: Between April 2010 and December 2012 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer via the screening program (n = 80) were compared with patients diagnosed elsewhere (n = 106). Only patients of ≥ 50 and ≤ 69 years of age diagnosed outside the program were selected as controls. The clinical variables included age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status, Charlson index, preoperative hemoglobin and serum albumin levels, surgical approach, tumor location and stage, perioperative transfusion and postoperative morbidity. A multivariate analysis was used to identify variables independently associated with outcome. RESULTS: There were no significant differences with regard to age, sex and ASA status. Preoperative hemoglobin (14.1 ± 1.6 g/dl vs 12.3 ± 2.3 g/dl; p < 0.001) and serum albumin (4.45 ± 0.26 g/dl vs 4.0 ± 0.6 g/dl; p < 0.001) levels were significantly higher in the screening group. The overall morbidity was significantly lower in the screening group (38.8% vs 63.2; p < 0.001) and mainly related to a higher rate of Clavien-Dindo grade II complications in controls. There were no differences with regard to wound infection, postoperative ileus, anastomotic leakage or reoperations. The median length of hospital stay was shorter in the screening group (6 vs 9 days; p = 0.003). Multivariate analysis showed that diagnosis outside the screening program, type of surgical procedure, open surgery and Charlson index were independent risk factors for postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of colorectal cancer via the screening program is associated with a lower rate of postoperative minor complications and a shorter hospital stay.

Analysis of participant satisfaction in the Barcelona colorectal cancer screening programme: Positive evaluation of the community pharmacy. / Análisis de la satisfacción de los participantes en el Programa de detección precoz de cáncer colorrectal de Barcelona: valoración positiva de la farmacia comunitaria.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Population-based bowel screening programmes with faecal occult blood (FOB) tests need to achieve high uptake rates and offer quality services. We invited participants in the Barcelona Programme to complete a satisfaction survey, in order to explore factors influencing uptake and respondents' opinion and satisfaction with each step of the screening process. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Telephone survey using an ad hoc questionnaire (see annex) administered to a final sample of 1189 people: 310 non-participants in the programme (NoP), 553 participants with a negative test result (PNeg), and 326 participants with a positive result (PPos). RESULTS: High scores were obtained for the clarity of the information provided by the programme (mean 8.9 on a scale 0-10), and for the accessibility and attention at the pharmacy as well as its role as the point for collection and return of FOB test cards (mean >9.3). Aspects that were not so highly rated were: preparation for the colonoscopy (41.6% reported quite a lot or a lot of discomfort), and to a lesser extent telephone accessibility (27.1% reported some difficulties). Participants also expressed concern about receiving a positive test result by telephone (78.9% reported some concern). CONCLUSIONS: Respondents' opinion of the programme was positive overall, and supports the pharmacy as the point for distributing and collecting FOB test cards, as well as the role of the pharmacist in the context of the programme. Some aspects of the screening process will be reviewed in order to improve participant satisfaction and eventually increase uptake.

Prevalence of persistent pain after breast cancer treatment by detection mode among participants in population-based screening programs.

BACKGROUND: To date, the study of the risks and benefits of breast cancer screening has not included the onset of persistent pain after breast cancer treatment within the context of population-based screening programs. Our purpose was to investigate the prevalence of persistent pain and associated factors in women diagnosed with breast cancer (screening or interval) in the context of a population-based breast cancer screening program in Spain. METHODS: A total of 1,057 women participating in a population-based breast cancer screening program were diagnosed with breast cancer between 2000 and 2008. The women were treated surgically and followed-up to 2013. The risk of developing persistent pain was estimated through multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Breast cancer was detected during routine screening in 732 women (69.3 %) and emerged as an interval cancer between two screening rounds in 325 (30.7 %). Persistent pain was present in 118 women (11.3 %). Women diagnosed through routine screening reported a higher prevalence of persistent pain (12.9 %) than those with interval cancers (7.8 %)(P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified two other variables associated with persistent pain: having a Charlson index > =2 (Odds Ratio [OR]: 4.5 95 % Confidence Interval [CI]: 2.1-9.5) versus no comorbidities, and having undergone an axillary lymph node dissection (OR: 2.0 95 % CI: 1.0-4.0) versus sentinel lymph node biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of persistent pain was relatively low. The detection mode was not related to the onset of persistent pain. The factors associated with persistent pain were a Charlson index > =2 and the performance of axillary lymph node dissection. Women treated for breast cancer are at risk for developing persistent pain regardless of the detection mode, especially those with comorbidities and those who have undergone axillary lymph node dissection.

Risk stratification for advanced colorectal neoplasia according to fecal hemoglobin concentration in a colorectal cancer screening program.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The latest generation of fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) allows for quantitation of hemoglobin in feces, allowing for selection of optimal cut-off concentrations. We investigated whether individuals with positive results from quantitative FITs, in combination with other factors, could be identified as being at greatest risk for advanced colorectal neoplasia. METHODS: In a retrospective study, we analyzed data from a consecutive series of 3109 participants with positive results from FITs (≥20 µg/g of feces) included in the first round of the Barcelona colorectal cancer screening program, from December 2009 through February 2012. All participants underwent colonoscopy and were assigned to groups with any advanced colorectal neoplasia or with nonadvanced colorectal neoplasia (but with another diagnosis or normal examination findings). RESULTS: Median fecal hemoglobin concentrations were significantly higher in participants with advanced colorectal neoplasia (105 µg/g; interquartile range, 38-288 µg/g) compared with participants with nonadvanced colorectal neoplasia (47 µg/g; interquartile range, 23-119 µg/g) (P < .001). Positive predictive values for advanced colorectal neoplasia, determined using arbitrary fecal hemoglobin concentrations, differed with sex and age. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified sex (men: odds ratio [OR], 2.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.78-2.41), age (60-69 y: OR, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.44), and fecal hemoglobin concentration (>177 µg/g: OR, 3.80; 95% confidence interval, 3.07-4.71) as independent predictive factors for advanced colorectal neoplasia. Combining these factors, we identified 16 risk categories associated with different probabilities of identifying advanced colorectal neoplasia. Risk for advanced colorectal neoplasia increased 11.46-fold among individuals in the highest category compared with the lowest category; positive predictive values ranged from 21.3% to 75.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Fecal hemoglobin concentration, in addition to sex and age, in individuals with positive results from FITs can be used to stratify probability for the detection of advanced colorectal neoplasia. These factors should be used to prioritize individuals for colonoscopy examination.

Does digital mammography suppose an advance in early diagnosis? Trends in performance indicators 6 years after digitalization.

PURPOSE: To provide a complete evaluation of the long-term impact of full-field digital mammography (FFDM) on the improvement of early diagnosis in a population-based screening program. METHODS: We included 82,961 screen-film mammograms (SFM) and 79,031 FFDM from women aged 50-69 screened biennially from 1995-2010 in Spain and followed-up to 2012. The first screening round of the program was excluded. Rates of cancer detection, interval cancer, tumoral characteristics and other quality indicators were compared between SFM and FFDM periods using the Chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted. RESULTS: Detection of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) significantly increased with FFDM (0.05 % vs 0.09 %; p = 0.010), along with the proportion of small invasive cancers (<20 mm) (69.37 % vs 78.90 %; p = 0.040). The false-positive rate decreased with FFDM (4.79 % vs 3.38 %; p < 0.001) without differences in the cancer detection rate (0.42 % vs 0.43 %; p = 0.685) or in the interval cancer rate (0.14 % vs 0.14 %; p = 0.816). Adjusted models showed a significant increase in the detection of DCIS in the FFDM periods. CONCLUSION: Digitalization has supposed an improvement in early diagnosis because DCIS and small invasive cancers increased without a change in detection rate. Moreover, false-positive reduction without an increase in the interval cancer rate was confirmed.

Cancer characteristics in patients with schizophrenia: a 25-year retrospective analysis.

Schizophrenia is associated with higher cancer-related mortality, perhaps due to delayed diagnosis and limited access to treatment. The study aimed to compare patients diagnosed with cancer with and without schizophrenia to determine whether these groups differ in terms of oncological variables and survival outcomes. This was a retrospective, observational cohort study that included 30.990 patients diagnosed with cancer between 1997 and 2021. We performed univariate and bivariate analyses for the sociodemographic and clinical variables, and constructed Kaplan-Meier survival curves and used the log-rank test to perform the comparisons. All variables were compared for each cancer type. One hundred and sixty-two (0.52 %) patients had a confirmed diagnosis of schizophrenia (ICD-9 criteria). The mean age at diagnosis was significantly lower in the schizophrenia group. A significantly higher proportion of the schizophrenia group was diagnosed with cancer through the emergency department and a lower percentage through scheduled appointments. A smaller percentage of patients in the schizophrenia group received radical treatment for cancer. The mortality rate was higher in the schizophrenia group and median survival was lower. These findings suggest that cancer patients with schizophrenia have worse outcomes than patients without schizophrenia in terms of oncological variables and survival.

Factors related with symptom duration until diagnosis and treatment of symptomatic colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) survival depends mostly on stage at the time of diagnosis. However, symptom duration at diagnosis or treatment have also been considered as predictors of stage and survival. This study was designed to: 1) establish the distinct time-symptom duration intervals; 2) identify factors associated with symptom duration until diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of all incident cases of symptomatic CRC during 2006-2009 (795 incident cases) in 5 Spanish regions. Data were obtained from patients' interviews and reviews of primary care and hospital clinical records. MEASUREMENTS: CRC symptoms, symptom perception, trust in the general practitioner (GP), primary care and hospital examinations/visits before diagnosis, type of referral and tumor characteristics at diagnosis. Symptom Diagnosis Interval (SDI) was calculated as time from first CRC symptoms to date of diagnosis. Symptom Treatment Interval (STI) was defined as time from first CRC symptoms until start of treatment. Nonparametric tests were used to compare SDI and STI according to different variables. RESULTS: Symptom to diagnosis interval for CRC was 128 days and symptom treatment interval was 155. No statistically significant differences were observed between colon and rectum cancers. Women experienced longer intervals than men. Symptom presentation such as vomiting or abdominal pain and the presence of obstruction led to shorter diagnostic or treatment intervals. Time elapsed was also shorter in those patients that perceived their first symptom/s as serious, disclosed it to their acquaintances, contacted emergencies services or had trust in their GPs. Primary care and hospital doctor examinations and investigations appeared to be related to time elapsed to diagnosis or treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Results show that gender, symptom perception and help-seeking behaviour are the main patient factors related to interval duration. Health service performance also has a very important role in symptom to diagnosis and treatment interval. If time to diagnosis is to be reduced, interventions and guidelines must be developed to ensure appropriate examination and diagnosis during both primary and hospital care.

Effect of false-positive results on reattendance at breast cancer screening programmes in Spain.

BACKGROUND: Mammography is the only breast screening method, we are aware of today, which is able to reduce mortality from breast cancer. Nevertheless, this procedure carries an inherent risk of false-positive screening mammogram. The association between these results and reattendance at the next scheduled screening mammogram is controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a false-positive screening mammogram and women's characteristics on reattendance in eight regional population-based breast cancer screening programmes in Spain. METHODS: This study included 1 383 032 women aged 44-67 years who were initially screened for breast cancer between 1990 and 2004. To investigate factors associated with reattendance, logistic regression models were used. RESULTS: The mean age of women at first screening was 53.6 years (SD = 6.1 years). Of 120 800 women with a false-positive screening mammogram, 78.3% returned for a subsequent screening mammogram compared with 81.9% of those with a negative result (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that women with a false-positive result at first screening mammogram were less likely to reattend (OR = 0.71; 95% CI 0.70-0.73) and that the likelihood was lower in those who had undergone invasive additional tests (OR = 0.56; 95% CI 0.53-0.59). CONCLUSION: A false-positive screening mammogram in the first screening negatively affected attendance at the subsequent screening. The results of this study could be useful to improve the screening process and to increase women's compliance.

The psychological impact of a false-positive screening mammogram in Barcelona.

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the psychological impact of mammographic screening for women who receive negative results and for those who need additional non-invasive and invasive complementary investigations to exclude breast cancer (false positives). One hundred fifty women who attended a breast cancer screening programme in Barcelona, aged 50-69 years, were included in this study: 50 with negative results and 100 with false positive mammograms (50 underwent non-invasive and 50 underwent invasive complementary investigations). Participants worried little until they underwent mammography, but worries increased when a telephone call notified the women of the need for further testing. A substantial proportion of women requiring further assessment reported that they were at least somewhat worried about having breast cancer throughout the screening process (P < 0.0001). Nevertheless, levels of anxiety and depression, measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, showed no statistically significant differences among the three groups. In conclusion, although the women showed no psychological morbidity, there is a substantial psychological response in those with an abnormal screening mammogram.

Colorectal cancer survival: results from a hospital-based cancer registry.

INTRODUCTION: colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in developed countries. Data on specific and 10-year survival are scarce. This study analyzes overall and disease-specific survival for patients with colorectal cancer and assesses the value of clinical factors on disease-specific survival. METHODS: a retrospective cohort study of newly diagnosed invasive colorectal cancer cases diagnosed from 1992 to 2007 were identified through the Hospital del Mar Cancer Registry. Five-and 10-year survival functions were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess prognostic factors. RESULTS: a total of 2,080 patients with colorectal cancer were identified. The median age at diagnosis was 72 years and 58.5%were men. By the end of the follow-up period (December 2008), 1,225 patients had died and 68.4% of deaths were due to colorectal cancer. The 5- and 10-year cancer-specific survival rates were 55.5% (95%CI 53.9-57.9%) and 48.5% (95%CI 45.6-51.3%), respectively. The 5-year specific survival rate improved in the last period (2003-2007) (60.4%, 95%CI 55.4-65.0) compared with 1992-1997(53.4%; 95%CI 49.2-57.4) and 1998-2002 (52.0%; 95%CI 47.8-56.2). Various factors were independently associated with excess CRC mortality: male sex (HR 1.21), age at diagnosis > 75 years(HR 1.97), rectal location (HR 1.33), more advanced stages (stage IV: HR 18.54), poorly differentiated/undifferentiated tumors (HR 1.80), and admission through the emergency department (HR 1.52). CONCLUSIONS: cancer-specific survival improved from 1992 to 2007. This improvement could be due to more effective treatment, since changes in stage distribution or age at diagnosis were not observed during the study period. Overall survival rates should notably improve with the implementation of a population-based colorectal cancer screening program in Spain.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer screening indicators in a Spanish population-based program: a cohort study.

Background: To assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on performance indicators in the population-based breast cancer screening program of Parc de Salut Mar (PSMAR), Barcelona, Spain. Methods: We conducted a before-and-after, study to evaluate participation, recall, false positives, the cancer detection rate, and cancer characteristics in our screening population from March 2020 to March 2021 compared with the four previous rounds (2012-2019). Using multilevel logistic regression models, we estimated the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of each of the performance indicators for the COVID-19 period, controlling by type of screening (prevalent or incident), socioeconomic index, family history of breast cancer, and menopausal status. We analyzed 144,779 invitations from 47,571women. Results: During the COVID-19 period, the odds of participation were lower in first-time invitees (aOR = 0.90 [95% CI = 0.84-0.96]) and in those who had previously participated regularly and irregularly (aOR = 0.63 [95% CI = 0.59-0.67] and aOR = 0.95 [95% CI = 0.86-1.05], respectively). Participation showed a modest increase in women not attending any of the previous rounds (aOR = 1.10 [95% CI = 1.01-1.20]). The recall rate decreased in both prevalent and incident screening (aOR = 0.74 [95% CI = 0.56-0.99] and aOR = 0.80 [95% CI = 0.68-0.95], respectively). False positives also decreased in both groups (prevalent aOR = 0.92 [95% CI = 0.66-1.28] and incident aOR = 0.72 [95% CI = 0.59-0.88]). No significant differences were observed in compliance with recall (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.76-2.23), cancer detection rate (aOR = 0.91 [95% CI = 0.69-1.18]), or cancer stages. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected screening attendance, especially in previous participants and newcomers. We found a reduction in recall and false positives and no marked differences in cancer detection, indicating the robustness of the program. There is a need for further evaluations of interval cancers and potential diagnostic delays. Funding: This study has received funding by grants PI19/00007 and PI21/00058, funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and cofunded by the European Union and Grant RD21/0016/0020 funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III and by the European Union NextGenerationEU, Mecanismo para la Recuperación y la Resiliencia (MRR).

Prevalence and characteristics of hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma in a Spanish university hospital.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) arises in chronic liver diseases, particularly caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) and alcohol in Europe. We aimed at evaluating the characteristics and mortality of patients with HCV-related HCC as compared to other HCC etiologies. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated data from 887 patients with HCC identified through the Hospital del Mar Cancer Registry (Barcelona, Spain), during the 2001-2020 period. We estimated crude and adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) of dying and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI). RESULTS: Among 887 patients with HCC, 617 (69.6%) were HCV-infected. Underlying cirrhosis was more frequent in HCV-related HCC compared to other etiologies (97% vs. 89%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of HCV-related HCC decreased from 79% in 2001-2005 to 55% in 2015-2020 (p < 0.001). HCV infection did not increase the hazard of death [aHR 0.95 (CI95% 0.81-1.13)]. Mortality was independently related to age > 75 years, advanced BCLC stage at diagnosis, and diagnosis before 2010. CONCLUSION: In our cohort, HCV-related HCC frequently occurred in a cirrhotic background, but showed similar clinical characteristics and mortality as compared to other HCC etiologies.