Anethum Graveolens Essential Oil Nanoemulsions (AGEO-NE) as an Exclusive Apoptotic Inducer in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma (A549) Cells.

Anethum graveolens essential oil (AGEO) is used as an anticancer compound that can be made more efficacious by improving its biosolubility and biocompatibility. In the current study, we aimed to improve AGEO bioactivity using the nanoemulsion-based encapsulation technique. To formulate stable AGEO-NE, an ultrasonication method was utilized. The size, stability, and morphology of the AGEO-NE was measured, and then its cytotoxic impacts were evaluated on adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549). The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) test was done to measure the antioxidant activity of AGEO-NE. Its cytotoxic property was analyzed by measuring the viability percentage of cancer (A549) and normal human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cell lines after increasing AGEO-NE treatment doses. AGEO-NE apoptotic activity was evaluated by studying the flow cytometry of the cells and measuring the apoptotic gene expression profile (Cas-3 and Cas-8) in the A549 cell line. The results showed a significant correlation between the increase of AGEO-NE concentrations and decrease of cancer (A549) cell viability (p < 0.05) when AGEO-NE was compared with normal HFF cells. Thus, AGEO-NE can be an efficient novel apoptosis and antioxidant inducer for human lung cancer cells without any undesirable side effects. However, further In Vitro and In Vivo studies are needed to confirm the results.

Green synthesized-zinc oxide nanoparticles, the strong apoptosis inducer as an exclusive antitumor agent in murine breast tumor model and human breast cancer cell lines (MCF7).

PURPOSE: In the present study, we aimed to synthesize and investigate the impact of zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnONPs) on both human and murine breast cancer cell lines and define their untoxic concentrations (IC50 ) to clarify their apoptotic properties and introduce them as the anticancer agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The in vitro study was initiated by ZnONPs green synthesizing process applying the Cucumis melo inodorus rough shell extract, and verified by the transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. In following, the human (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 [MCF7]) and murine (TUBO) breast cancer cell lines were cultured for taking the time and dose-dependent treatment planes by ZnONPs. Also, MCF7 cell cultures were treated by three different doses of ZnoNPs (8, 4, and 2 µg/mL) separately and prepared for genes expression (Cas-3 and Cas-8) analysis using real-time quantitative PCR method. The in vivo initiated by providing the 39 murine breast cancer models, then they were injected intraperitoneally with different doses of ZnONPs (75, 50, and 25 mg/kg) treatments. Then their collected biopsies were stained by hematoxylin and eosin to evaluate their breast cancer tissue morphology and compare with Tamoxifen anticancer properties. RESULTS: The in vitro study results demonstrate a significant correlation among the expression of Cas-3 and Cas-8 genes with increasing ZnONPs concentrations. The results of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assays for the treated cancer cell lines (MCF7 and TUBO) detected a significant negative correlation among the ZnONPs concentrations and the viability of the cells. CONCLUSION: Unlike the majority of resent studies, we found the ZnONPs as a powerful apoptosis inducer in the human cell line (MCF7) and murine (TUBO cell line and cancer model).