[Scientific production in Scopus on financial health: period 2011-2022]. / Producción científica en Scopus sobre salud financiera: periodo 2011-2022.

INTRODUCTION: Financial health is related to the overall health of an individual and their family. The objective of this study was to evaluate the scientific production on financial health in the Scopus database for the 2011-2022 period. METHOD: Scoping review of manuscripts published in journals indexed in the Scopus database between the years 2011 and 2022. The following search terms were used: "Financial obligations", "financial inclusion", "family economy", "financial education", "financial literacy", "financial wellness" and "financial stress", which were entered in the Scopus search engine together with the Boolean operators (AND, OR).  Results: A total of 6 940 publications were identified, of which 81.95% were original articles. The United States was the country with the highest scientific production (35.5%). We identified a trend of increasing number of papers during the study period, especially from 2016 onward, with an 860% increase in 2022 (n=1429) with respect to 2011 (n=165). The journals with the highest number of publications were Sustainability (Switzerland) and the Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning (USA). Finally, the key search terms with the greatest yield were "financial inclusion" through the use of technology, "financial stress", "financial education" and "financial health." CONCLUSIONS: Research on financial health has increased significantly. The new knowledge on the subject is mostly driven by authors and institutions from the United States, and finally, there is evidence of an increasing trend of pulbications related to financial inclusion and financial education.

Introducción: La salud financiera, determinada en buena parte por el salario, está estrechamente relacionada a la salud global del individuo y su familia. Por ello se tuvo como objetivo evaluar la producción científica sobre salud financiera en la base de datos Scopus: periodo 2011 - 2022. Método: Scoping review en la que se analizaron manuscritos publicados en revistas indexadas en la base de datos Scopus entre los años 2011 - 2022. Para la búsqueda se utilizó descriptores tales como financial obligations, financial inclusion, family economy, financial education, financial literacy, financial wellness y financial stress. Se realizó una síntesis narrativa. Resultados: Se incluyeron 6 940 manuscritos, de los cuales el 82,0% eran artículos originales. Se observó un crecimiento constante del número de artículos a lo largo del periodo de estudio, especialmente a partir de 2016, con un incremento del 860% en 2022 (n = 1429) respecto a 2011 (n=165). Estados Unidos fue el país con mayor producción científica. Las revistas con mayor número de publicaciones fueron Sustainability (Suiza) y el Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning (EEUU). Entre los descriptores de mayor impacto se encuentran la inclusión financiera a través del uso de la tecnología, estrés financiero, educación financiera y salud financiera. Conclusiones: La investigación sobre salud financiera ha tenido un aumento significativo. El nuevo conocimiento sobre el tema es impulsado por autores e instituciones de Estados Unidos en su mayoría, y finalmente, se evidencian tendencias de estudio relacionadas a la inclusión y educación financiera.

New psychometric evidence for the thesis advisor abuse scale (EMAT) in Peruvian university students based on classic and modern procedures.

Although evidence of mistreatment toward university students in the academic field has been reported for several years, its study in the context of the development of undergraduate research is still emerging. For this reason, it is necessary to have valid and reliable measurement instruments that allow assessing the magnitude of this problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Thesis Advisor Abuse Scale (EMAT, for its acronym in Spanish) in Peruvian university students. A total of 753 university students (women = 57.4%) from the 3 regions of Peru participated. The internal structure was analyzed under an analytical-factorial approach, and the discrimination and difficulty characteristics of the items were evaluated from the perspective of item response theory (IRT). The findings showed evidence supporting the original three-dimensional structure. Furthermore, all the items on the EMAT have good discriminatory power. Additionally, the EMAT proved to be strictly invariant according to sex, and the reliability coefficients reached high magnitudes. It is concluded that the EMAT is an instrument that has adequate psychometric properties to be used as a measure of mistreatment by advisors in the thesis preparation processes in Peruvian university students.

Psychometric Properties of a Short Academic Motivation Scale (SAMS) in Medical Students.

Background: Medical education represents a complex field of study, influenced by various psychological, demographic, and contextual factors. Academic motivation, essential for educational success, has been linked to critical decisions in medical careers and can be modulated by contextual elements such as socioeconomic and geographical environments. The theory of self-determination has provided a solid framework for understanding the multidimensional nature of motivation. Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Short Scale of Academic Motivation among Peruvian medical students. Methods: Using an instrumental design, the factorial structure, reliability, and gender invariance of the SAMS-S were assessed. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to validate the scale's structure based on seven dimensions. Additionally, reliability was assessed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient and omega coefficient, and gender invariance was determined through multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The Peruvian version of the SAMS-S showed a good fit in the CFA with satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices. However, challenges in discriminant validity among certain dimensions were detected, suggesting the presence of a second-order factor. The proposed second-order model yielded an adequate fit (χ2 = 198.26, df = 70, CFI = 0.92, TLI = 0.90, RMSEA = 0.08 [90% CI: 0.07-0.1], SRMR = 0.07), validating the factorial structure of the SAMS-S. The scale's reliability and its subscales were within acceptable ranges. Furthermore, the gender invariance of the SAMS-S was confirmed at all levels, from configural to strict. Conclusions: The second-order model of the SAMS-S presents as a valid and reliable tool for measuring academic motivation among medical students in Peru. Its robustness and adaptability make it relevant for future research in similar educational contexts and can serve as a basis for interventions aimed at improving academic motivation in this specific group.

South American Validation of a Survey to Assess Eco-Anxiety in Adults (ECO-ANS-LATAM).

Background: climate change is a reality, and more and more people are becoming aware of this global problem, which has generated anxiety in some populations. To validate a short survey to assess eco-anxiety in adults in South America. Methods: It is an instrumental study, and the validation was based on a previous survey, which had six questions and was generated by 217 respondents in the USA in 2021. These questions were subjected to a validation process with expert judgment, pilot and application, and then statistics were obtained. It was validated with 1907 people in six countries in South America, where the mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis were adequate. Results: The initial confirmatory factorial model obtained unsatisfactory goodness-of-fit indices, so the indices were modified through a re-specification, where two items were eliminated, after which adequate values were obtained (χ2 = 22.34, df = 2, p = 0.00; RMR = 0.020; GFI = 0.990; CFI = 0.990; TLI = 0.990; and RMSEA = 0.070). Finally, the overall Cronbach's α was calculated to be 0.88 (95% CI = 0.86-0.89). Conclusions: The test was validated in a large South American population and found that only four questions can efficiently measure anxiety about the effects of climate change. The instrument can be used with other tests to screen different age groups, ethnicities and realities.

Concern about COVID-19 infection and workload as predictors of psychological distress during the health emergency in Peruvian healthcare personnel.

INTRODUCTION: During the health emergency, there is concern about the mental health repercussions that Peruvian health workers, who represent the front line of care for COVID-19, may be experiencing. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether concern about COVID-19 and workloads predict psychological distress in healthcare workers. METHODS: Predictive study in which 367 workers (nurses, doctors, nursing assistants, obstetricians, dentists, psychologists, nutritionists, among others) from 12 health networks in the Puno region participated, selected through intentional non-probabilistic sampling. The data were collected via the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, the COVID-19 Scale of Concern and the Workload Scale. RESULTS: It was found that there are no significant differences between men and women in psychological discomfort and concern about COVID-19 infection and workload. Furthermore, highly significant correlations were found between the study variables (P < .01). Multiple regression analysis showed an adequate adjustment for the model (F = 94.834; P < .001), where concern about COVID-19 (ß = -0.436; P < .01) and workload (ß = 0.239; P < .01) are variables that significantly predict psychological discomfort (adjusted R2 = 0.33). CONCLUSIONS: Concern about COVID-19 and work overload predict psychological distress in health personnel in the Puno region.

Adaptation and validation of the financial stress scale in social conflict contexts: a study conducted with small and medium-sized Peruvian entrepreneurs.

Introduction: Social conflicts have repercussions on the mental health of the economically active population. Objective: To adapt and validate the Financial Stress Scale in the context of social conflicts (ESECPS). Method: An instrumental study involving 2,242 owners of small and medium enterprises (50.9% women), aged between 18 and 74 years old, selected through a non-probabilistic purposive sampling. The participants were recruited across three regions of Peru during periods of protests and strikes against the incumbent Peruvian government. The instrument for adaptation was the financial stress scale EFEmp-Cov19, created in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic's impact. Results: All items proved to be clear, relevant, and representative (V > 0.70). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) revealed the existence of one underlying factor across the 11 items (KMO = 0.962, Bartlett = 5434.3; df = 55; p < 0.001). However, for Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), items 4 and 11 were removed, resulting in support for a unidimensional model with 9 items (χ2 = 262.73, df = 23, p < 0.001; RMR = 0.022; TLI = 0.972; CFI = 0.980; and RMSEA = 0.072). Regarding reliability, a very high value was found (ω = 0.92). Conclusion: The ESECPS demonstrates adequate psychometric properties, making it a suitable measure to assess financial stress among Peruvian entrepreneurs facing economic instability and financial threats in the context of social conflicts.

Translation and validation of the WHO-5 General well-being index into native language Quechua of the Peruvian South.

To translate and validate the WHO-5 General Well-being Index for the people of the Peruvian South, a cross-sectional instrumental study was carried out with the voluntary participation of 186 people of both sexes between the ages of 18 and 65 years (M = 29.67 years old; SD = 10.94) living in the south region of Peru. The validity evidence was assessed based on the content using Aiken's coefficient V according to the internal structure through a confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability was calculated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The expert judgment was favorable for all items (V > 0.70). The unidimensional structure of the scale was confirmed (χ2 = 10.86, df = 5, p = 0.05; RMR = 0.020; GFI = 0.980; CFI = 0.990; TLI = 0.980 y RMSEA = 0.080), and it presents a suitable reliability range (α = > 0.75). This shows that the WHO-5 General Well-being Index for the people of the Peruvian South is a valid and reliable scale.

Translation and validation of the satisfaction with life scale in the native Quechua (Collao variant) language of southern Perú.

Research on life satisfaction in indigenous populations is limited due to language barriers. Therefore, this paper aimed to translate and validate the Life Satisfaction Scale into the original Quechua language (collao variant) of southern Peru. The research was classified as instrumental and transversal and was conducted with the voluntary participation of 242 Quechua adults speaking the collao variant. The instrument that was translated was the 5-item SWLS, previously adapted to Peruvian Spanish. The internal structure was analyzed under an analytical-factorial approach, and the discrimination and difficulty of the items were evaluated from the item response theory (IRT). Expert judgment was favorable for all items (V > 0.70), confirming the 1-dimensional structure of the scale (χ2 = 8.972, df = 5, p = .000; CFI = 0.985; TLI = 0.970 and RMSEA = 0.057), with acceptable reliability (ω = 0.65). All the items of the scale presented adequate discrimination indices; in addition, the results of the evaluation of factorial invariance as a function of gender demonstrated configurational equivalence but an absence of metric invariance. In conclusion, the SWLS translated into Collao Quechua (collao variant) has a stable factorial structure and adequate internal consistency, although it was not possible to completely demonstrate the invariance by gender, it can be used for initial investigations to measure satisfaction with life of the Quechua-speaking indigenous population of southern Peru.

[Scale of Concern about COVID-19 Infection in Peruvian Health Care Workers]. / Escala de preocupación por el contagio de la COVID-19 en personal de la salud peruano.

Introduction: The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has generated concern about contagion, especially among healthcare workers who are on the front line. Objective: To design and analyse the evidence of content validity, internal structure and reliability of a measure of concern about the spread of COVID-19 among Peruvian healthcare workers. Material and methods: Quantitative study and instrumental design. The scale was administered to 321 health science professionals (78 males and 243 females), whose ages ranged from 22 to 64 years (38.12 ± 9.61). Results: Aiken's V-coefficient values were statistically significant. An exploratory factor analysis was performed which indicated the existence of a single factor, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed a satisfactory six-factor model. The CFA solution obtained adequate fit indices (RMSEA = 0.079; p = 0.05; TLI = 0.967; IFC = 0.980; GFI = 0.971, and AGFI = 0.931), and showed good internal consistency based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.865; CI 95%, 0.83-0.89). Conclusions: The scale of concern for COVID-19 infection is a valid and reliable brief measure that can be used for research and professional purposes.

Scale of concern about COVID-19 infection in Peruvian Health Care Workers.

INTRODUCTION: The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has generated concern about contagion, especially among healthcare workers who are on the front line. OBJECTIVE: To design and analyse the evidence of content validity, internal structure and reliability of a measure of concern about the spread of COVID-19 among Peruvian healthcare workers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Quantitative study and instrumental design. The scale was administered to 321 health science professionals (78 males and 243 females), whose ages ranged from 22 to 64 years (38.12 ±â€¯9.61). RESULTS: Aiken's V-coefficient values were statistically significant. An exploratory factor analysis was performed which indicated the existence of a single factor, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed a satisfactory six-factor model. The CFA solution obtained adequate fit indices (RMSEA = 0.079; P = .05; TLI = 0.967; IFC = 0.980; GFI = 0.971, and AGFI = 0.931), and showed good internal consistency based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.865; CI 95%, 0.83-0.89). CONCLUSIONS: The scale of concern for COVID-19 infection is a valid and reliable brief measure that can be used for research and professional purposes.

The Design and Validation of a Compassion Fatigue Scale in Peruvian Nurses.

The objective of this study was to design and validate the Compassion Fatigue Scale (EFat-Com) in Peruvian nurses. METHODS: A 13-item scale was designed using qualitative procedures and expert judgment. This version was administered to 201 nursing professionals using an electronic form along with two other measures: the Patient Health Questionnarie-2 and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis supported the existence of two factors with factor loadings > 0.54. Confirmatory factor analysis of the two-factor model yielded satisfactory fit indices after the elimination of two items. Regarding concurrent validity, a positive relationship was obtained between the EFat-Com and the measure of depression; however, no correlation was found with the measure of life satisfaction. The internal consistency was 0.807 for the total scale, 0.79 for Factor 1, and 0.83 for Factor 2. CONCLUSIONS: The EFat-Com showed adequate psychometric properties with respect to content-based validity evidence, internal structure, and reliability. Therefore, the instrument can be used in research and professional settings. However, it is essential to continue studying the validity evidence in other contexts.

Effect of religious fatalism and concern about new variants on the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines.

Introduction: To protect public health, it is important that the population be vaccinated against COVID-19; however, certain factors can affect vaccine acceptance. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether religious fatalism and concern about new variants have a significant effect on the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines. Methodology: An explanatory study was conducted with 403 adults of legal age captured through non-probabilistic convenience sampling in vaccination centers in the 13 health networks of the Regional Health Directorate of Puno, Peru. Data were collected through a brief scale of religious fatalism, a scale of acceptance of vaccines against COVID-19 and a scale of concern about a new variant of COVID-19. Results: The proposed model obtained an adequate fit. There was a negative effect of religious fatalism on vaccine acceptance, a positive effect of fatalism on vaccine rejection, a positive effect of concern about new variants on the acceptance of vaccines, and a positive effect of concern about new variants on vaccine rejection. Conclusion: These findings provide evidence for the usefulness of considering both religious fatalism and concern about new variants affect the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine in adults in southern Peru.

[Psychometric properties of the recovery experience scale in Peruvian salaried workers]. / Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de experiencias de recuperación en trabajadores dependientes peruanos.

INTRODUCTION: After facing a health crisis, it is important for workers to develop recovery experiences; therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the recovery experience scale in Peruvian salaried workers. METHOD: A cross-sectional study of 462 salaried workers of both sexes, between 20 and 66 years of age, from the three regions of Peru, who participated voluntarily. The participants were recruited from companies in the financial, tourism, education, health and telecommunications sectors. The survey instrument was the recovery experience scale, which had been previously validated for Peruvian teachers. The internal structure was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha (?) coefficient and convergent validity through Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate fit for the original four-factor structure (x2= 141.782, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.981, RMSEA = 0.065 and SRMR = 0.035). The resulting factor loadings were between 0.71 and 0.90 and the internal consistency ? between 0.81 and 0.92. With respect to convergent validity, direct and significant correlations were found between the recovery experience dimensions and the general well-being scale (r= 0.126 to r=0.287). CONCLUSIONS: The recovery experience scale demonstrates validity, based on internal structure, reliability and convergent validity, and can be used in the occupational health management of Peruvian salaried workers.

OBJETIVO: analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de experiencias de recuperación en trabajadores dependientes (asalariados) peruanos. Método: estudio transversal donde participaron voluntariamente 462 trabajadores dependientes de ambos sexos, de entre 20 a 66 años de edad, de las tres regiones del Perú. Los participantes fueron reclutados de empresas del sector financiero, turismo, educación, salud y telecomunicaciones. El instrumento objeto de validación fue la escala de experiencias de recuperación validada para profesores peruanos. Se analizó la estructura interna mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio, la consistencia interna con el coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach y la validez convergente a través del coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. RESULTADOS: el análisis factorial confirmatorio reportó un ajuste adecuado para la estructura original de cuatro factores (x2= 141.782., p < 0,001, CFI = 0,981, RMSEA = 0,065. y SRMR = 0,035). Las cargas factoriales resultantes se encuentran entre 0,71 y 0,90 y la consistencia interna ? entre 0,81 y 0,92. Con respecto a la validez convergente, se hallaron correlaciones directas y significativas entre las dimensiones de experiencias de recuperación y la escala de bienestar general (r= 0,126 a r=0,287). CONCLUSIONES: la escala de experiencias de recuperación demuestra validez basada en la estructura interna, fiabilidad y validez convergente, y puede ser aplicada en la gestión de la salud ocupacional para trabajadores dependientes peruanos.

Influence of servant leadership on the life satisfaction of basic education teachers: the mediating role of satisfaction with job resources.

Background: Life satisfaction is essential for teachers' work performance and student learning. Additionally, servant leadership has been shown to be one of the best leadership practices as it promotes employee well-being and satisfaction. Moreover, satisfaction with job resources acts as a mediator in the relationship between servant leadership and life satisfaction by influencing individual and collective performance in the organization. Objective: This research aimed to evaluate the mediating role of satisfaction with job resources in the relationship between servant leadership and life satisfaction. Methods: The study was cross-sectional and explanatory. 620 teachers aged between 20 and 62 years (M = 35 and SD = 9.49) participated in the study. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to measure life satisfaction, service leadership, and job resource satisfaction through the use of questionnaires. Results: The results indicated that the model obtained an adequate fit, χ2 = 2,658, df = 551, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.941, TLI = 0.936, RMSEA = 0.079, SRMR = 0.070. The results confirm the positive influence of leadership on satisfaction with resources and life satisfaction. Additionally, a positive influence of satisfaction with job resources on life satisfaction was observed. Moreover, the mediation of job resources in servant leadership and life satisfaction was confirmed. Conclusion: Servant leadership, supported by satisfaction with job resources, can reduce effort and associated costs, stimulate personal growth and learning, and improve the well-being of teachers.

Sociodemographic Aspects and Healthy Behaviors Associated With Perceived Life Satisfaction in Health Professionals.

BACKGROUND: Life satisfaction is a determining factor for the improvement of mental and physical health. Health care workers are a vulnerable population to suffer alterations in the factors that affect life satisfaction. Determining the influence of these factors on quality of life is important for their proper management. OBJECTIVE: To examine sociodemographic factors and healthy behaviors influencing life satisfaction in Peruvian professionals. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 506 health care workers, who had a mean age of 40.34 years (SD = 10.39). A sociodemographic questionnaire, sleep quality, physical activity, eating habits, and life satisfaction were used. A regression model was fitted with the life satisfaction variable as the dependent variable. RESULTS: In multivariable analysis, age (ß = -.938, P < .01) and perception of poor health status (ß = -4.743, P < .001) were found to be associated with lower life satisfaction. On the other hand, higher university education level (ß = 1.667, P < .001), absence of smoking (ß = 3.202, P < .01), absence of depressive symptoms (ß = 3.390, P < .001), interest in daily activities (ß = 3.503, P < .05), good sleep quality (ß = 1.027, P < .01), a high frequency of physical activity (ß = 1.056, P < .01), and healthy eating are variables associated with higher life satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Sociodemographic aspects such as age and the perception of poor health are associated with lower life satisfaction. On the other hand, healthy behaviors such as absence of smoking, absence of depressive symptoms, interest in daily activities, good quality of sleep, high frequency of physical activity, and a healthy diet were associated with higher life satisfaction.

Psychological Distress, Anxiety, and Academic Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Study Satisfaction Among Peruvian University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The objective of this research study was to determine if psychological distress, anxiety, and academic self-efficacy predict satisfaction with studies in Peruvian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional and predictive design was used, in which 582 Peruvian university students participated, 243 men and 339 women, between the ages of 16 and 41. Student's t-statistics were used to analyze the differences in scores of psychological distress, anxiety, academic self-efficacy, and satisfaction with studies based on the sex of the participants, Pearson's R was used for the analysis of correlations between variables, and multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate the predictive model. In the analyses, the significance level was set at 0.05. The results show that men have higher levels of psychological distress, anxiety, and academic self-efficacy than women do (p < 0.01); high levels of psychological distress correlate with high levels of anxiety (r = 0.580, p < 0.01) and low levels of satisfaction with studies (r = -0.178, p < 0.01) and academic self-efficacy (r = -0.348, p < 0.01); high levels of anxiety correlate with low levels of satisfaction with studies (r = -0.122, p < 0.01) and academic self-efficacy (r = -0.192, p < 0.01); and high levels of academic self-efficacy correlate with high levels of satisfaction with studies (r = 0.429, p < 0.01). Academic self-efficacy was also found to predict satisfaction with studies (ß = 0.429, p < 0.01). This concludes that, although there are significant correlations between psychological distress, anxiety, academic self-efficacy, and satisfaction with studies, academic self-efficacy is the variable that most predicts satisfaction with studies in Peruvian university students.

Psychological distress and workload as predictors of satisfaction with life in Peruvian female university professors with a family burden.

This study aims to determine whether psychological distress and workload predict satisfaction with life in Peruvian female university professors caring for dependent relatives. A total of 157 Peruvian female university professors aged 26-58 years who were caring for dependent relatives (M = 40.50; SD = 7.72) participated in the study. Of the female university professors participating in the study, 87.3% worked in a private university. The Psychological Distress Scale (K6), the Workload Scale (ECT) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were applied to them. Through a multiple regression analysis, it was found that psychological distress (ß = .559, p < .01) and workload (ß = .173, p < .01) are variables that significantly predict satisfaction with life in university professors who are also housewives (adjusted R2 = .43), being psychological distress the variable with the highest predictive power. These findings provide evidence for the usefulness of considering both psychological distress and workload as predictors of satisfaction with life in female Peruvian university professors.

[Validity and Reliability of the Wong-Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) in Cuban Dental Students in COVID-19 Times]. / Validez y confiabilidad de la Wong-Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) en estudiantes cubanos de Estomatología en tiempos de COVID-19.

Introduction: The pandemic produced by SARS-CoV-2 impacted on educative systems, which justifies the necessity of research about the emotional capacities of the university students to face the challenges that COVID-19 imposes. Objective: To analyze the evidences of validity and reliability of the Wong-Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) in Cuban dental students. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study with instrumental design. The scale was administered through a virtual questionnaire and later distributed by means of social networks to 307 students (81 male and 226 female). A confirmatory factorial analysis was performed and the intern consistency and the relation between the scale and other variables were evaluated. Results: Through the confirmatory factorial analysis, the model of four correlationated factors was evaluated and an adequate adjust was found, χ2(98) = 303.1, P < .001, CFI = 0.948, TLI = 0.937, RMSEA = 0.083 and SRMR = 0.064. The results of the Omega intern consistency are ωSEA = 0.84, ωOEA = 0.77, ωUOE = 0.83 and ωUROE = 0.91. With respect to the relation of WLEIS with other variables, we had correlations ranging from 0.22 and 0.51 with general well-being, and inverse correlations ranging from -1 and -0.29 of three of its dimensions with depression, showing evidences of convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusion: The WLEIS in Cuban dental students in COVID-19 times resulted be valid and reliable.

[Design and validation of the telework perception scale (Tele-Cov-19) in Peruvian primary schoolteachers]. / Diseño y validación de la escala de percepción del teletrabajo (Tele-Cov-19) en docentes de educación básica peruanos.

INTRODUCTION: To design and validate a scale of perception of teleworking in Peruvian primary schoolteachers. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study of 400 primary schoolteachers (61.5% women) between 21 and 61 years of age, from six cities in Peru. Eight items were proposed, corresponding to indicators of training, safety, and flexibility of schedules, derived from the scientific literature. The scale was validated by seven experts who evaluated the relevance, representativeness and clarity of the items. Subsequently, we applied exploratory f (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), using the FACTOR Analysis program and SPSS AMOS version 21. RESULTS: The Aiken V indicators were statistically significant for the eight items. Before running the AFE, we calculated the KMO coefficient (0.93) and Bartlett's test (1832.9; gl = 28; p = 0.00). A single factor explained 62.27% of the total variance of the scale and its factor loadings ranged from 0.65 to 0.84. The CFA corroborated the internal structure of the scale (?2 = 58.24, df = 20, p < 0.01; RMR = 0.03; TLI = 0.97; CFI = 0.97; and RMSEA = 0.06) and the reliability was acceptable (? = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.89 - 0.92). CONCLUSIONS: The scale demonstrates evidence of content-based validity, internal structure and reliability.

Introducción: Diseñar y validar una escala de percepción acerca del teletrabajo en docentes de educación básica peruanos. Método: Estudio transversal, con 400 docentes de educación básica (61,50% mujeres) entre 21 y 61 años, de 6 ciudades del sur de Perú. Se propusieron 8 ítems que obedecen a los conceptos de capacitación, seguridad, flexibilidad de los horarios a partir de aspectos teóricos hallados en la literatura científica. La escala fue validada por 7 expertos que evaluaron relevancia, representatividad y claridad de los ítems. Posteriormente se aplicó el análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y el análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC), mediante el programa FACTOR Analysis y el SPSS AMOS versión 21. Resultados: Los indicadores V de Aiken fueron estadísticamente significativos para los 8 ítems. Previa ejecución del AFE se calculó el coeficiente KMO (0,93) y el test de Bartlett (1832,90; gl = 28; p = 0,00). Se evidenció la existencia de un solo factor que explica el 62,27 % de la varianza total de la escala y sus cargas factoriales oscilan entre 0,65 y 0,84. El AFC corroboró la estructura interna de la escala (?2 = 58,24, df = 20, p < 0,01; RMR = 0,03; TLI = 0,97; CFI = 0,97; y RMSEA = 0,06) y la confiabilidad fue aceptable (? = 0,93; IC 95% = 0,89 ­ 0,92). Conclusiones: La escala muestra evidencias de validez basada en el contenido, estructura interna y fiabilidad.

Anxiety and depression as predictors of life satisfaction during pre-professional health internships in COVID-19 times: the mediating role of psychological well-being.

Due to the emotional impact of COVID-19 on university students, the goal was to explore the relationship between anxiety, depression, psychological well-being, and life satisfaction among pre-professional interns. The research was carried out using an explanatory cross-sectional design, with the participation of 1011 pre-professional interns of 13 health networks from the department of Puno (Peru). Data were collected using the Satisfaction with Life Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2, Patient Health Questionnaire 2, and the Psychological Wellbeing Scale. The main data analysis was carried out using the R statistical software, and implementing the confirmatory factor analysis technique, which evidenced that the explanatory model provides an acceptable value. Based on the above, a negative relationship between depression and life satisfaction, (ß = -.60, p < .001) and a positive relationship between anxiety and life satisfaction (ß = .28, p < .001) was shown, in addition to a mediating effect of the psychological wellbeing related to depression and life satisfaction (p < .001). In conclusion, life satisfaction is explained concerning the degree of depression and anxiety, as well as the moderating effect of psychological well-being. Despite that, there is an urgent need to take preventive actions to strengthen the mental health of the pre-professional health interns, who have also been providing support during the COVID-19 pandemic.