13-Weeks subchronic toxicity of isoquercitrin-γ-cyclodextrin (IQC-γCD) molecular inclusion complex in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Flavonoids such as quercetin and its glycoside Isoquercitrin and are abundantly present in the diet and have various pharmacological effects. However, limited data about its potential toxicity is available. In this study, we aim to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of the isoquercitrin-γ-cyclodextrin (IQC-γCD) molecular inclusion complex (SunActive® QCD/EN) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The IQC-γCD was administrated orally to 40 male and 40 female SD rats at dietary doses up to 5.0 % for 13 consecutive weeks. During the experiment periods, the general clinical signs, mortality, hematological, urinalysis values, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were examined. All animals survived until the scheduled necropsy, and no statistically significant or clinical sign of toxicologically relevant differences including pathology parameters, and histopathological endpoints were observed in any of the IQC-γCD treatment groups, compared with the control group. However, certain observations were noted in the male rats treated with the highest concentration (5.0 %), but these were not seen in female rats. A slight inhibition of weight gain was observed, probably linked to a fall in red blood cells, and hematocrit index in female rats. Statistically significant changes were noted in some clinical measures, such as plasma bilirubin level, alkaline phosphatase total bile acid without evidence of systemic clinical toxicity. The results support no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of IQC-γCD of 5.0 % in the diet for males (3338.55 mg/kg/day), and 3.0 % in the diet for females (2177.33 mg/kg/day) SD rats. Therefore, in this 13 weeks repeated-dose SD rat study there were no treatment-related adverse clinical or pathological findings for IQC-γCD of 5.0 % in the diet for males, and 3.0 % in the diet for females SD rats. The results of the present study support the safe use of IQC-γCD as a functional food, food additive, and natural ingredient.

Subcutaneous angiolipoma: magnetic resonance imaging features with histological correlation.

PURPOSE: Despite producing pain, angiolipoma is sometimes misdiagnosed as an ordinary small lipoma, which is usually not associated with pain. Few reports have described magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of angiolipoma. The aim of the present study was to clarify the MR imaging features of angiolipoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MR imaging findings of 11 lesions in 7 patients were reviewed and compared with histopathological findings. RESULTS: The MR imaging features of these lesions were the presence of fat nodules with or without areas of low signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images. The location of the low-signal-intensity areas varied. The low-signal-intensity areas were mainly in the peripheral portion of 3 lesions and in the central portion of 5 lesions. No or few low-signal-intensity areas were observed in 3 lesions. In the lesions with peripheral low-signal-intensity areas, lesion marginations were well defined, and the lesions were easily recognized as mass lesions. In the lesions with only central low-signal-intensity areas, marginations were poorly defined, and the lesions were not easy to recognize as mass lesions. In the lesions with few or without low-signal-intensity areas, marginations were invisible. Histopathological studies indicated that the low-signal-intensity areas on T1- and T2-weighted images corresponded to areas of dense capillary proliferation. In lesions with few or without low-signal-intensity areas on MR images, capillaries were thinly spread over almost the entire lesion area. CONCLUSION: The MR imaging features of angiolipoma are fat nodules with or without low-signal-intensity areas of various size and location on T1- and T2-weighted images.