RESUMEN
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women, accounting for nearly 30% of all cancers, while in men, it represents only 1% of cases. Breast cancer is the main cause of death for cancer, and its incidence and mortality vary according to patients' ethnicity, geographic region, and socioeconomic status. Due to the low prevalence of breast cancer among men and the scarcity of studies in the literature, exercises have been prescribed based on extrapolations from studies on female patients. Scientific evidence has suggested beneficial effects of physical exercises on breast cancer prevention, treatment, and post-treatment. In addition to combatting sedentary behavior, it is essential to maintain a healthy body weight, limit alcohol consumption, and follow a balanced diet, rich in fruit, vegetables, grains and fibers, and limited in red meat. The effects of exercises are not restricted to breast cancer, but extend to controlling modifiable risk factors, and reducing the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
O câncer de mama é a neoplasia mais prevalente nas mulheres, em torno de 30% de todos os tipos de câncer, enquanto no sexo masculino é responsável por apenas 1% dos casos. No mundo, é a primeira causa de morte por câncer em mulheres. A incidência e a mortalidade variam de acordo com a etnia, região territorial e nível socioeconômico. Em virtude da baixa prevalência do câncer de mama em homens e a escassez de literatura, as condutas são baseadas em extrapolações dos estudos no sexo feminino. As evidências científicas sugerem efeitos benéficos dos exercícios físicos na prevenção, durante o tratamento e no pós-tratamento do câncer de mama. Além do combate ao sedentarismo, é importante manter um peso saudável, limitar o consumo de álcool, e seguir dieta balanceada, rica em frutas, vegetais, grãos e fibras e reduzida em carnes vermelhas. As ações dos exercícios não se restringem ao câncer de mama, mas têm impacto importante no controle dos fatores de risco modificáveis, diminuindo a incidência das doenças cardiovasculares e a mortalidade por causas globais e cardíaca.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama/prevención & control , Factores de Riesgo , Frutas , Verduras , Ejercicio Físico , DietaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare the effects of home-and center-based exercise training programs on functional capacity, inspiratory muscle strength, daily physical activity level, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) over a 12-week period. METHODS: This study included 23 patients with CHF (left ventricular ejection fraction 31±6%) randomized to a home-based (n=11) or center-based (n=12) program. Patients underwent 12 weeks of aerobic training (60%-70% heart rate reserve): walking for the home-based and supervised cycling for the center-based group, both combined with resistance training (50% of 1 maximum repetition). At baseline and after 12 weeks of training, we assessed cardiopulmonary test variables, 6-min walk test distance (6 MWD), steps/day with accelerometry, and QoL (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire). Maximal inspiratory pressure and handgrip strength were measured at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of training. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03615157. RESULTS: There were no adverse events during training in either group. The home- and center-based training groups obtained similar improvements in peak oxygen uptake, maximal ventilation, and 6 MWD. However, there were significant between-group differences: center-based training was more effective in improving maximal inspiratory pressure (p=0.042), number of steps/day (p=0.001), and QoL (p=0.039). CONCLUSIONS: Home-based training is safe and can be an alternative to improve the exercise capacity of patients with stable CHF. However, center-based training was superior in improving inspiratory muscle strength, QoL, and daily physical activity.