Impact of circadian rhythm and daytime variation on outcome after heart transplantation.

INTRO: Recently, the impact of circadian rhythm and daytime variation on surgical outcomes has attracted interest. Although studies for coronary artery and aortic valve surgery report contrary results, effects on heart transplantation have not been studied. METHODS: Between 2010 and February 2022, 235 patients underwent HTx in our department. The recipients were reviewed and categorized according to the start of the HTx procedure - between 04:00 am and 11:59 am (morning, n = 79), 12:00 pm and 07:59 pm (afternoon, n = 68) or 08:00 pm and 03:59 am (night, n = 88). RESULTS: The incidence of high urgency status was slightly but not significantly increased (p = .08) in the morning (55.7%), compared to the afternoon (41.2%) or night (39.8%). The most important donor and recipient characteristics were comparable among the three groups. The incidence of severe primary graft dysfunction (PGD) requiring extracorporeal life support (morning: 36.7%, afternoon: 27.3%, night: 23.0%, p = .15) was also similarly distributed. In addition, there were no significant differences for kidney failure, infections, and acute graft rejection. However, the incidence of bleeding that required rethoracotomy showed an increased trend in the afternoon (morning: 29.1%, afternoon: 40.9%, night: 23.0%, p = .06). 30-day survival (morning: 88.6%, afternoon: 90.8%, night: 92.0%, p = .82) and 1-year survival (morning: 77.5%, afternoon: 76.0%, night: 84.4%, p = .41) were comparable between all groups. CONCLUSION: Circadian rhythm and daytime variation did not affect the outcome after HTx. Postoperative adverse events as well as survival were comparable throughout day- and night-time. As the timing of the HTx procedure is rarely possible and depends on the timing of organ recovery, these results are encouraging, as they allow for the continuation of the prevalent practice.

Clinical outcomes of hundred large Impella implantations in cardiogenic shock patients based on individual clinical scenarios.

BACKGROUND: Large Impella systems (5.0 or 5.5; i.e., Impella 5+) (Abiomed Inc., Danvers, MA, USA) help achieve better clinical outcomes through relevant left ventricular unloading in acute cardiogenic shock (CS). Here, we report our experience with Impella 5+, while focusing on the clinical outcomes depending on individual case scenarios in patients with acute CS. METHODS: This single-center retrospective observational study included 100 Impella 5+ implantations conducted on patients with acute CS from November 2018 to October 2021. After excluding 10 reimplantation cases, 90 cases were enrolled for further analysis. RESULTS: In-hospital and 30-day mortality rates were 56.7% (n = 51) and 48.9% (n = 44), respectively. In-hospital mortality was lower in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) than in non-AMI patients (p = 0.07). Young age and low lactate levels were the independent predictors of successful transition and survival after permanent mechanical circulatory support/heart transplantation (pMCS/HTX) (age, p = 0.03; lactate level, p = 0.04; survived after pMCS/HTX, n = 11; died on Impella, n = 41). During simultaneous utilization of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy and Impella 5+, termed ECMELLA therapy, high dose of noradrenaline was a predictive factor for in-hospital mortality by multivariate analysis (n = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that enhanced Impella support might have better clinical outcomes among acute CS patients supported with large Impella, those with AMI than those with no AMI. Young age and low lactate levels were predictors of successful bridging to pMCS/HTX and favorable clinical outcomes thereafter. The clinical outcomes of ECMELLA therapy might depend on noradrenaline dose at the time of Impella 5+ implantation.

Coronary artery bypass grafting under sole Impella 5.0 support for patients with severely depressed left ventricular function.

Selection of the ideal surgical procedure for coronary revascularization in patients with severe cardiac dysfunction at times may represent a challenge. In recent years, with the advent of surgical large microaxial pumps, e.g., Impella 5.0 (Abiomed Inc., Boston, USA), specific support and effective unloading of the left ventricle has become available. In the interventional field, good results have been achieved with smaller microaxial pumps in the setting of so-called protected percutaneous coronary intervention. In this study, we would like to share our early experience with surgical coronary revascularization under the sole support of Impella 5.0, omitting the use of heart-lung machine in three cases of severe cardiac dysfunction due to complex ischemic heart disease. Effective circulatory support intraoperatively and postoperatively speaks in favor of this technique in selected patients.

Impact of Reported Donor Ejection Fraction on Outcome after Heart Transplantation.

OBJECTIVES: The global shortage of donor organs has urged transplanting units to extend donor selection criteria, for example, impaired left ventricular function (LVF), leading to the use of marginal donor hearts. We retrospectively analyzed our patients after orthotopic heart transplantation (oHTX) with a focus on the clinical outcome depending on donor LVF. METHODS: Donor reports, intraoperative, echocardiographic, and clinical follow-up data of patients undergoing oHTX at a single-center between September 2010 and June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Recipients were divided into two groups based on donor left ventricular ejection fraction (dLVEF): impaired dLVEF (group I; dLVEF ≤ 50%; n = 23) and normal dLVEF group (group N; dLVEF > 50%; n = 137). RESULTS: There was no difference in 30-day, 90-day, and 1-year survival. However, the duration of in-hospital stay was statistically longer in group I than in group N (N: 40.9 ± 28.3 days vs. I: 55.9 ± 39.4 days, p < 0.05). Furthermore, postoperative infection events were significantly more frequent in group I (p = 0.03), which was also supported by multivariate analysis (p = 0.03; odds ratio: 2.96; confidence interval: 1.12-7.83). Upon correlation analysis, dLVEF and recipient LVEF prove as statistically independent (r = 0.12, p = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS: Impaired dLVEF is associated with prolonged posttransplant recovery and slightly increased morbidity but has no significant impact on survival up to 1 year posttransplant.

Use of Organs for Heart Transplantation after Rescue Allocation: Comparison of Outcome with Regular Allocated High Urgent Recipients.

BACKGROUND: The number of patients waiting for heart transplantation (HTx) is exceeding the number of actual transplants. Subsequently, waiting times are increasing. One possible solution may be an increased acceptance of organs after rescue allocation. These organs had been rejected by at least three consecutive transplant centers due to medical reasons. METHODS: Between October 2010 and July 2019, a total of 139 patients underwent HTx in our department. Seventy (50.4%) of the 139 patients were transplanted with high urgency (HU) status and regular allocation (HU group); the remaining received organs without HU listing after rescue allocation (elective group, n = 69). RESULTS: Donor parameters were comparable between the groups. Thirty-day mortality was comparable between HU patients (11.4%) and rescue allocation (12.1%). Primary graft dysfunction with extracorporeal life support occurred in 26.9% of the elective group with rescue allocated organs, which was not inferior to the regular allocated organs (HU group: 35.7%). No significant differences were observed regarding the incidence of common perioperative complications as well as morbidity and mortality during 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support the use of hearts after rescue allocation for elective transplantation of patients without HU status. We could show that patients with rescue allocated organs showed no significant disadvantages in the early perioperative morbidity and mortality as well at 1-year follow-up.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation after Heart Transplantation: Impact of Type of Cannulation.

BACKGROUND: Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a common cause of early death after heart transplantation (htx). The use of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) after htx has increased during the last years. It is still discussed controversially whether peripheral cannulation is favorable compared to central cannulation. We aimed to compare both cannulation techniques. METHODS: Ninety patients underwent htx in our department between 2010 and 2017. Twenty-five patients were treated with ECLS due to PGD (10 central extracorporeal membrane oxygenator [cECMO] and 15 peripheral extracorporeal membrane oxygenator [pECMO] cannulation). Pre- and intraoperative parameters were comparable between both groups. RESULTS: Thirty-day mortality was comparable between the ECLS-groups (cECMO: 30%; pECMO: 40%, p = 0.691). Survival at 1 year (n = 18) was 40 and 30.8% for cECMO and pECMO, respectively. The incidence of postoperative renal failure, stroke, limb ischemia, and infection was comparable between both groups. We also did not find significant differences in duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit stay, or in-hospital stay. The incidence of bleeding complications was also similar (cECMO: 60%; pECMO: 67%). Potential differences in support duration in pECMO group (10.4 ± 9.3 vs. 5.7 ± 4.7 days, p = 0.110) did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: In patients supported for PGD, peripheral and central cannulation strategies are safe and feasible for prolonged venoarterial ECMO support. There was no increase in bleeding after central implantation. With regard to the potential complications of a pECMO, we think that aortic cannulation with tunneling of the cannula and closure of the chest could be a good option in patients with PGD after htx.

Successful Heart Transplantation after Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation of Donors.

BACKGROUND: Heart transplantation (HTx) is the best therapy for end-stage heart failure. Unfortunately, death on the waiting list remains a problem. Decreasing the number of rejected organs could increase the donor pool. METHODS: A total of 144 patients underwent HTx at our department between 2010 and 2019. Of them, 27 patients received organs of donors with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prior to organ donation (donor CPR) and were compared with patients who received organs without CPR (control; n = 117). RESULTS: We did not observe any disadvantage in the outcome of the donor CPR group compared with the control group. Postoperative morbidity and 1-year survival (control: 72%; donor CPR: 82%; p = 0.35) did not show any differences. We found no impact of the CPR time as well as the duration between CPR and organ donation, but we found an improved survival rate for donors suffering from anoxic brain injury compared with cerebral injury (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Donor organs should not be rejected for HTx due to resuscitation prior to donation. The need for CPR does not affect the graft function after HTx in both short- and mid-term outcomes. We encourage the use of these organs to increase the donor pool and preserve good results.

Preoperative percutaneous carotid artery recanalization in a patient with aortic dissection type A.

Management of patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) presenting with cerebral malperfusion due to carotid artery obstruction is still a major challenge and often associated with poor prognosis despite successful surgical aortic repair, due to prolonged cerebral perfusion deficit. Here, we present the first report regarding successful percutaneous recanalization of an internal carotid artery occlusion in the setting of an ATAAD before open surgical aortic repair with excellent clinical outcome after three year follow-up, including almost full neurological recovery.

Multimodal mechanical circulatory assist for perioperative biventricular failure.

A 61-year-old woman with acute myocardial infarction (MI), cardiogenic shock, and Impella CP support underwent emergency coronary artery bypass grafting. Postoperatively venous-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (va-ECMO) became necessary, followed by Impella 5.0 insertion on 7th postoperative day (POD), the addition of right ventricular support by TandemHeart due to inadequate flow of Impella system, which then allowed for va-ECMO weaning. Impella und TandemHeart were removed on 14th POD, 31st POD, respectively. Biventricular decompensation following MI was successfully treated by a sequence of different mechanical circulatory support systems allowing an adaptive weaning strategy.

Impact of Combined "CHADS-BLED" Score to Predict Short-Term Outcomes in Transfemoral and Transapical Aortic Valve Replacement.

BACKGROUND: High CHA2DS2-VASC and HAS-BLED scores are linked to increased mortality in structural and nonstructural cardiovascular interventions irrespective of the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) or oral anticoagulation. We aimed to use the aforementioned scores to quantify the risk of 30-day mortality, major vascular and bleeding events (MVASC/BARC), and cerebrovascular insults (CVI) in patients undergoing different access routes in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). METHODS: Out of 1329 patients, 980 transfemoral (TF) TAVR (73.7%) and 349 transapical (TA) TAVR (26.3%) were included. CHA2DS2-VASC, HAS-BLED, and combined "CHADS-BLED" scores were calculated and compared to the predictive value of the established EuroSCORE and STS score. RESULTS: In all-comers TF TAVR patients, the applied risk models showed only poor association with 30-day mortality while, in patients with concomitant AF, a strong association was observed using the combined CHADS-BLED score (c-index: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.76-0.91; p < 0.0001). Concerning 30-day mortality, only the STS score for TF TAVR (c-index: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.59-0.76; p = 0.001) and EuroSCORE for TA TAVR (c-index: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.56-0.76; p = 0.005) could show some predictive value. High CHADS-BLED was associated with enhanced CVI (3.0% vs. 7.2%;p=0.0039 ∗ ) and more frequent MVASC/BARC (3.2% vs. 6.3%; p = 0.0362) in the all-comers TAVR cohort. All risk models failed in the prediction of CVI and MVASC/BARC for TA TAVR patients. CONCLUSION: The combined CHADS-BLED score was a strong predictor for 30-day mortality in TF TAVR patients with AF. A high CHADS-BLED score showed a good predictive value for major vascular and bleeding events as well as CVI in TF TAVR patients. This study is registered at clinical trials (NCT01805739).

Risk and Consequences of Postoperative Delirium in Cardiac Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Delirium is a common complication after cardiac surgery that leads to increased costs and worse outcomes. This retrospective study evaluated the potential risk factors and postoperative impact of delirium on cardiac surgery patients. METHODS: One thousand two hundred six patients who underwent open-heart surgery within a single year were included. Uni- and multivariate analyses of a variety of pre, intra-, and postoperative parameters were performed according to differences between the delirium (D) and nondelirium (ND) groups. RESULTS: The incidence of delirium was 11.6% (n = 140). The onset of delirium occurred at 3.35 ± 4.05 postoperative days with a duration of 5.97 ± 5.36 days. There were two important risk factors for postoperative delirium: higher age (D vs. ND, 73.1 ± 9.04 years vs. 69.0 ± 11.1 years, p < 0.001) and longer aortic cross-clamp time (D vs. ND, 69.8 ± 49.9 minutes vs. 61.6 ± 53.8 minutes, p < 0.05). We found that delirious patients developed significantly more frequent postoperative complications, such as myocardial infarction (MI) (D vs. ND, 1.43% [n = 3] vs. 0.28% [n = 2], p = 0.05), cerebrovascular accident (D vs. ND, 10.7% [n = 15] vs. 3.75% [n = 40], p < 0.001), respiratory complications (D vs. ND, 16.4% [n = 23] vs. 5.72% [n = 61], p < 0.001), and infections (D vs. ND, 36.4% [n = 51] vs. 16.0% [n = 170], p < 0.001). The hospital stay was longer in cases of postoperative delirium (D vs. ND, 23.2 ± 13.6 days vs. 17.4 ± 12.8 days, p < 0.001), and fewer patients were discharged home (D vs. ND, 56.0% [n = 65] vs. 66.8% [n = 571], p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Because the propensity for delirium-related complications is high after cardiac surgery, a practical, preventative strategy should be developed for patients with perioperative risk factors, including higher age and a longer cross-clamp time.

Heart transplantation in patients with ventricular assist devices: Impacts of the implantation technique and support duration.

BACKGROUND: Orthotopic heart transplantation (HTx) is the gold standard treatment for patients with terminal heart failure. As donor organs are limited, patients are often on ventricular assist device (VAD) support before receiving HTx. We aimed to compare the outcome after HTx in patients with and without preoperative VADs as well as in patients who underwent different VAD implantation techniques. METHODS: A total of 126 patients underwent HTx at our department between 2010 and 2019 and were retrospectively analyzed. While 47 patients underwent primary transplantation (No VAD), 79 were on VAD support. The preoperative and intraoperative parameters were comparable between the two groups. RESULTS: VAD support significantly increased the HTx operation time (<0.0001), cardiopulmonary bypass time (P < .01), and warm ischemia time (P = .04). The ventilation time (P = .02), intensive care unit (ICU) stay (P = .01), and hospital stay (P = .02) were also significantly longer in VAD patients than in No VAD patients. Minimally invasive VAD implantation significantly reduced the requirement for perioperative blood transfusion (P = .01) and rethoracotomy (P = .01). Nonetheless, survival analyses did not show significant differences between the groups, but there was a trend of better results for the primary transplantation patients (30-day survival: No VAD = 91.1%, VAD = 86.1%; n.s.). CONCLUSIONS: We observed significantly worse perioperative parameters in patients who underwent transplantation after the implantation of a VAD compared to those who underwent primary transplantation. Minimally invasive VAD implantation without full sternotomy decreased complications during the subsequent HTx. In patients who are dependent on temporary VAD support as a bridge to transplantation, we believe that minimally invasive implantation should be performed if possible.

Relevance of Leaflet Prolapse to the Indication Policy for Aortic Valve-Sparing Root Replacement.

BACKGROUND: In aortic root replacement, "preexisting" or "induced" aortic leaflet prolapse is related to advanced aortic root pathology and can indicate valve repair. Efforts should be made to perform root replacement before leaflet prolapse is in its maximum extent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine patients with chronic aortic root dilatation and aortic valve regurgitation (AR) underwent a reimplantation procedure. Contrary to 32 of the 39 patients (group A), 7 of the 39 patients (group B) underwent cusp plication for prolapse. For both groups, data related to the diameter at the level of maximal tubular extension, sinotubular junction, sinus of Valsalva, aorto-ventricular junction (AVJ), and aortic annulus were obtained from preoperative computed tomography scans and analyzed comparatively. RESULTS: Group B showed a higher mean AR grade (P = .007), a higher mean diameter at the level of the aortic annulus (P = .038), AVJ (P = .037), and aortic sinus (P <.001) and a higher sinus dilatation index (existing-to-predicted diameter ratio) (P <.001) than group A. The sinus of Valsalva displayed the best predictive value regarding a plicature-indicating prolapse (P <.001; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.809-1.013). A diameter >40 mm was accompanied by an odds ratio (OR) of 24.6 (95% CI: 1.29-496.02). During the follow-up period of 29.0 ± 18.4 months (range: 6-62 months), 1 patient (group A) required reoperation 5 years postoperatively for progressive AR. CONCLUSION: The sinus of Valsalva diameter seems to have the greatest prognostic value for the development of prolapse. Our data suggest that root repair should be considered earlier in time before leaflet prolapse is complete, which most likely occurs when root dilatation becomes an aneurysm.

Conversion of Atrial Fibrillation after Cardiosurgical Procedures by Vernakalant® as an Atrial Repolarization Delaying Agent (ARDA).

BACKGROUND: Postoperative, new-onset atrial fibrillation (POAF) is one of the most common complications after cardiosurgical procedures. Vernakalant has been reported to be effective in the conversion of POAF. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vernakalant for atrial fibrillation after cardiac operations, and to investigate predictors for the success of vernakalant treatment. Patients and Methods: Post-cardiac surgery patients with new-onset of atrial fibrillation (AF) were consecutively enrolled in this study. Demographic data as well as intraoperative and postoperative parameters were analyzed. Vernakalant administration was primarily started 5.5 hours after new-onset POAF: 3 mg/kg intravenously over 10 min, and in case of non-conversion, a second dose of 2 mg/kg intravenously over 10 min. Results: 129 consecutive patients (70.2 ± 9.1 years) were included: 61 patients with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, 49 patients with isolated valve procedures, and 19 patients with combined procedures (CABG and valve). Conversion in sinus rhythm was achieved after the first vernakalant dose in 57 patients (44%), and after the second dose in 41 patients (32%). The mean time to conversion was 13.7 ± 14.1 min. The patients receiving valve procedures depicted a significantly lower conversion rate. The following variables lowered conversion rate: no preoperative beta blocker, postoperative troponin levels >500 ng/L, and systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg. At the first follow-up, 92% of the converted patients showed sinus rhythm, while 80% of the non-responders showed sinus rhythm (P < .01). Conclusions: The POAF was effectively converted by vernakalant. The conversion rate of POAF after valve surgery was lower when compared to isolated CABG.

Prognostic value of the new high sensitive cardiac troponin T assay (hs-cTnT) after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Background The aim of the study was to assess the value of post-operative cardiac troponin T-levels, measured with a new highly sensitive assay (hs-cTnT), as a suitable parameter to predict patients' outcome after cardiac surgery. With the introduction of the new hs-cTnT assay the correlation between measured levels and the post-operative patient's outcome remains to be evaluated. Methods Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 213) were included. Perioperative measurements of hs-cTnT and CK-MB were correlated to parameters of clinical outcome and further explored. Patients with an uneventful course were compared with those with post-operative complications, including need of repeat revascularization (RR) or death (RR/death), cardiogenic shock (CS) or death (CS/death) and a combination of all (RR/CS/death). Results Significant results were observed in patients after isolated CABG, where CS/death and RR/CS/death patients had higher post-operative hs-cTnT levels (P < 0.01). Moreover, multivariate analysis of the CABG-group revealed that acute renal failure (OR =14.7, 95% CI =2.7-79.1, P < 0.001), early post-operative hs-cTnT levels higher than the upper quintile (> 1,476.8 pg/ml) (OR =8.1, 95% CI =3.0-22.2, P < 0.001) and unstable angina pectoris (OR =2.4, 95% CI =1.1-5.7, P < 0.05) were the most powerful independent predictors of post-operative complications. Upon discriminant analysis the application of hs-cTnT almost doubled the sensitivity of the outcome prediction. Conclusions The new hs-cTnT assay is a useful diagnostic tool that may significantly enhance the prediction of adverse events after CABG. In our study a hs-cTnT-value >1,476.8 pg/ml proved to be a reliable marker for ongoing post-operative complications.

Heart transplantation bridged by mechanical circulatory support in a HIV-positive patient.

We report on the unique clinical course of a 44-year-old male HIV-positive heart transplant recipient, who was bridged by mechanical circulatory support (MCS). The patient was admitted with acute ischemic heart failure due to severe myocardial infarction. After emergency coronary artery bypass grafting and nine days of extracorporeal life support, we implanted a left ventricular assist device. As HIV infection was effectively treated and other contraindications were not present, we decided to perform a heart transplantation (HTX). At the current time, 34 months after unremarkable HTX, rejection or opportunistic infections have not occurred.

Readmission to the intensive care unit in times of minimally invasive cardiac surgery: does size matter?

OBJECTIVES: It is well known that patients who undergo readmission to an intensive care unit (ICU) after cardiac surgery face an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The present study sought to evaluate whether less invasive procedures might be associated with a reduction of this economically as well as individually important problem. The role of the quantity of ICU and intermediate care (IMC) beds was investigated as well. METHODS: Altogether, we reviewed 5,333 patients who underwent cardiac surgery in our department between 2005 and 2010. The incidence of and reasons for readmission were determined with regard to individual subgroups, particularly comparing minimally invasive procedures with conventional strategies. RESULTS: A total of 5,132 patients were primarily discharged from the ICU. Out of this group, 293 patients were readmitted to the ICU at least once. After readmission, the average length of stay in the hospital was 21.9 ± 11.3 days compared to 12.8 ± 5.0 days in all other patients. Comparing the readmission rate in separate years, it was evident that this rate decreased with a growing ICU and IMC capacity. In patients who underwent less invasive cardiac surgery (ie, minimally invasive cardiac surgery, off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting), the readmission rates were significantly lower than in the entirety of patients studied. CONCLUSION: Readmission to the ICU after cardiac surgery is associated with impaired outcome. Extended resources in terms of ICU and IMC capacity may positively influence this problem by decreasing the number of readmissions. Modern surgical strategies with less invasive procedures may be associated with a reduced incidence of readmission as well.

Impact of Impella Support on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Postcardiotomy Cardiogenic Shock.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to elucidate the strategy of an effective Impella support for better clinical outcomes in patients with a postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock (PCCS). METHODS: This single-center retrospective observational study enrolled 31 patients with PCCS undergoing an elective open-heart surgery followed by Impella support between November 2018 and February 2022 for further analysis. RESULTS: The preoperative Euroscore II and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction were 9.1 ± 10.4 and 35.7% ± 12.6%, respectively. The in-hospital mortality rate was 51.6% (n = 16). In survivors (n = 15), the mean Impella support time was 6.9 ± 3.5 days. Patients were discharged on the postoperative day 24.9 ± 16.4. Regarding LV remodeling, LV end-diastolic diameter was significantly decreased after Impella support (59.2 ± 6.0 mm vs. 54.4 ± 4.7 mm, p = 0.01, preoperative vs. postoperative). In-hospital mortality rates were comparable with small (CP, n = 6) or large (5.0, n = 25) Impella systems (33.3% [n = 2] vs. 56.0% [n = 14], p = 0.39). However, a lower in-hospital mortality rate was observed in the group with early initiation (i.e., intraoperative) of Impella support (n = 14) than that with delayed Impella initiation (i.e., in the postoperative course) (n = 11) (28.6% [n = 4] vs. 90.9% [n = 10], p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Impella support contributes to LV remodeling in PCCS patients. In-hospital mortality was comparable in different Impella sizes and lower in early Impella initiation.

A successful cardiac transplant in a patient with situs inversus totalis and congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries.

A heart transplant is the gold standard therapy for patients with end-stage heart failure. In this case report, situs inversus totalis and congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries led to a unique and complex preoperative setting. Extended donor organ harvesting, donor graft rotation of 45° to the right and post-operative stenting of the superior vena cava were essential steps in the interdisciplinary management of this case. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit with moderate inotropic support. He was discharged to rehabilitation on postoperative day 89 and eventually underwent an additional renal transplant 14 months after the cardiac transplant.