RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A model of peanut food allergy has been developed in mice using a simple sensitization protocol leading to a quantitatively measurable allergic response. METHODS: C3H/HeJ mice received a single intragastric administration of whole peanut (80 mg) without adjuvant. Two weeks later, intraperitoneal challenge with peanut extract led to a severe anaphylaxis. RESULTS: Anaphylactic reaction was evidenced by vascular leakage, severe clinical symptoms, a drop in body temperature, a decrease in breathing rate and also by increased concentrations of serum mouse mast cell protease-1. Sensitization to peanut was demonstrated by positive skin tests (ear swelling test and intradermal skin testing) and increased peanut-specific IgE levels. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, we obtained a model of severe peanut hypersensitivity within 2 weeks following single oral exposure without adjuvant. This model may be useful for further basic and applied studies on peanut allergy.
Asunto(s)
Anafilaxia/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad al Cacahuete/inmunología , Animales , Temperatura Corporal/inmunología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Inmunización , Immunoblotting , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C3H , Respiración/inmunología , Pruebas Cutáneas , Organismos Libres de Patógenos EspecíficosRESUMEN
Adult food allergy is estimated at approximately 3.2% worldwide. The persistence of childhood food allergy is unusual, peanut allergies excepted. Once established in adults, food allergy is rarely cured. Factors favoring the acquisition of allergy could be sensitization to pollens, occupational sensitization by inhalation, drugs (such as tacrolimus), and sudden dietary changes. Severe anaphylaxis and oral allergy syndrome are frequent. The fatality risk is estimated at 1% in severe anaphylaxis. Risk factors for severe anaphylaxis are agents causing increased intestinal permeability, such as alcohol and aspirin. b-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and exercise are other factors. Gastrointestinal food allergy remains, to a large extent, undiagnosed in adults. Food allergens are mainly fruit and vegetable, related to pollen sensitizations, or to latex allergy. Wheat flour allergy is increasing. The diagnosis relies on prick skin tests, detection of specific IgEs, and standardized oral challenges. Strict avoidance diets are necessary. Specific immunotherapy to pollens may be efficient for cross-reactive food allergies.