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Bone marrow (BM)-resident hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are often activated following bacterial insults to replenish the host hemato-immune system, but how they integrate the associated tissue damage signals to initiate distal tissue repair is largely unknown. Here, we show that acute gut inflammation expands HSPCs in the BM and directs them to inflamed mesenteric lymph nodes through GM-CSFR activation for further expansion and potential differentiation into Ly6C+ /G+ myeloid cells specialized in gut tissue repair. We identified this process to be mediated by Bacteroides, a commensal gram-negative bacteria that activates innate immune signaling. These findings establish cross-organ communication between the BM and distant inflamed sites, whereby a certain subset of multipotent progenitors is specified to respond to imminent hematopoietic demands and to alleviate inflammatory symptoms.
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Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Inflamación , Humanos , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/fisiología , Inflamación/patología , Diferenciación Celular , Transducción de Señal , Células Mieloides/patologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Renal infarction (RI) is rare but clinically important because the appropriate treatment depends on the time of diagnosis. RI is often misdiagnosed as acute pyelonephritis (APN) because both diseases have nonspecific symptoms such as flank pain and abdominal pain. We identified predictors for distinguishing RI from APN. METHODS: The data of patients visited the emergency department and diagnosed with RI or APN from March 2016 to May 2020 were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. Patients aged under 18 years, with a history of trauma, or incomplete medical records were excluded. Using a matching ratio of 1:5, RI patients were randomly matched to APN patients. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors that could distinguish RI from APN. In addition, we constructed a decision tree to identify patterns of risk factors and develop prediction algorithms. RESULTS: The RI and APN groups included 55 and 275 patients, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that male sex (OR, 6.161; p = 0.009), atrial fibrillation (AF) (OR, 14.303; p = 0.021), costovertebral angle tenderness (CVAT) (OR, 0.106; p < 0.001), aspartate transaminase (AST) level > 21.50 U/L (OR, 19.820; p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) level < 19.75 mg/L (OR, 10.167; p < 0.001), and pyuria (OR, 0.037; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with RI distinguishing from APN. CONCLUSION: Male sex, AF, no CVAT, AST level > 21.50 U/L, CRP level < 19.75 mg/L, and no pyuria were significant factors that could distinguish RI from APN.
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Traumatismos Abdominales , Enfermedades Renales , Pielonefritis , Enfermedades Ureterales , Humanos , Adolescente , Anciano , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Pielonefritis/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Renales/complicaciones , Dolor en el Flanco , Traumatismos Abdominales/complicaciones , Enfermedad AgudaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Emergency department (ED) clinicians may misdiagnose renal infarction (RI) as urolithiasis because RI is a rare disease with presenting symptoms similar to the symptoms of urolithiasis. However, earlier diagnosis of RI can improve patient prognosis. OBJECTIVES: We investigated potential predictors for distinguishing RI from urolithiasis based on clinical findings and laboratory results. METHODS: This randomly matched retrospective case-control study included patients who had been diagnosed with acute RI or acute urolithiasis between January 2016 and March 2020. Patients were excluded if they were aged under 18 years, had a history of trauma, or had incomplete medical records. Using a matching ratio of 1:4, RI patients were randomly matched to urolithiasis patients. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors that could distinguish RI from urolithiasis. RESULTS: In total, 48 patients were included in the RI group and 192 patients were included in the urolithiasis group. Multivariable logistic regression showed that age ≥ 65 years (odds ratio [OR] 6.155; p = 0.022), atrial fibrillation (OR 18.472; p = 0.045), current smoking (OR 17.070; p = 0.001), costovertebral angle tenderness (OR 0.179; p = 0.037), aspartate aminotransferase level ≥ 27.5 U/L (OR 6.932; p = 0.009), sodium level ≥ 138.5 mEq/L (OR 0.079; p = 0.004), and hematuria (OR 0.042; p = 0.001) were significant predictors that could distinguish RI from urolithiasis. Based on these results, a nomogram was constructed. CONCLUSION: Age ≥ 65 years, atrial fibrillation, current smoking, absence of costovertebral angle tenderness, aspartate aminotransferase level ≥ 27.5 U/L, sodium level < 138.5 mEq/L, and absence of hematuria were predictors that can distinguish between RI and urolithiasis.
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Fibrilación Atrial , Enfermedades Renales , Urolitiasis , Humanos , Adolescente , Anciano , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Hematuria/etiología , Fibrilación Atrial/complicaciones , Urolitiasis/diagnóstico , Dolor en el Flanco , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Infarto , Aspartato Aminotransferasas , SodioRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The primary goals of emergency department (ED) clinicians when dealing with a pediatric patient experiencing a seizure are to control the seizure and prevent seizure-related complications. After stabilizing the patient, the clinician should determine whether the patient is likely to have recurrent seizures that may need treatment such as antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The early identification of pediatric seizure patients at high risk for recurrence can be of great help in consulting with their parents. This study aimed to identify predictors of seizure recurrence in pediatric patients who visited the ED for first-onset afebrile seizure. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted with pediatric patients aged 1 month to 18 years who visited our ED for afebrile seizure from January 2016 to March 2020. Children with a known seizure disorder, known underlying genetic or metabolic disorder, or acute trauma history, and those lost to follow-up were excluded. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with seizure recurrence. RESULTS: A total of 253 pediatric patients were included in the study. Seizure recurrence was observed in 117 patients (46.3%). From the multivariable logistic regression analysis, older age at onset (11-15 years, odds ratio [OR] 5.781, p = 0.001; 16-18 years, OR 6.223, p = 0.002), a longer seizure duration (1-5 min, OR 3.043, p = 0.002; 6-10 min, OR 5.629, p = 0.002; >10 min, OR 8.882, p = 0.002), blood pH under 7.2 (OR 8.308, p = 0.015), and a glucose level over 144 mg/dL (OR 6.408, p = 0.030) were significantly associated with seizure recurrence. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the multivariable logistic regression analysis was 0.774. CONCLUSION: Age at onset ≥11 years, a longer seizure duration, acidosis, and hyperglycemia were predictors of seizure recurrence in children who had experienced first-onset afebrile seizure.
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Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapéutico , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Convulsiones/tratamiento farmacológico , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Recurrencia , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
In dental pulp, diverse types of cells mediate the dental pulp immunity in a highly complex and dynamic manner. Yet, 3D spatiotemporal changes of various pulpal immune cells dynamically reacting against foreign pathogens during immune response have not been well characterized. It is partly due to the technical difficulty in detailed 3D comprehensive cellular-level observation of dental pulp in whole intact tooth beyond the conventional histological analysis using thin tooth slices. In this work, we validated the optical clearing technique based on modified Murray's clear as a valuable tool for a comprehensive cellular-level analysis of dental pulp. Utilizing the optical clearing, we successfully achieved a 3D visualization of CD11c+ dendritic cells in the dentin-pulp complex of a whole intact murine tooth. Notably, a small population of unique CD11c+ dendritic cells extending long cytoplasmic processes into the dentinal tubule while located at the dentin-pulp interface like odontoblasts were clearly visualized. 3D visualization of whole murine tooth enabled a reliable observation of these rarely existing cells with a total number less than a couple of tens in one tooth. These CD11c+ dendritic cells with processes in the dentinal tubule were significantly increased in the dental pulpitis model induced by mechanical and chemical irritation. Additionally, the 3D visualization revealed a distinct spatial 3D arrangement of pulpal CD11c+ cells in the pulp into a front-line barrier-like formation in the pulp within 12 h after the irritation. Collectively, these observations demonstrated the unique capability of optical clearing-based comprehensive 3D cellular-level visualization of the whole tooth as an efficient method to analyze 3D spatiotemporal changes of various pulpal cells in normal and pathological conditions.
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Antígeno CD11c/metabolismo , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Pulpa Dental/inmunología , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Pulpitis/inmunología , Diente/inmunología , Animales , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Células Dendríticas/patología , Pulpa Dental/metabolismo , Pulpa Dental/patología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Pulpitis/metabolismo , Pulpitis/patología , Diente/metabolismo , Diente/patologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To compare the diagnostic performances of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy (CNB) in the diagnosis of thyroid malignancy and neoplasm in patients who underwent surgery for thyroid nodules. METHODS: This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board, and the need to obtain informed consent was waived. 3192 patients who underwent FNA (n = 3048) or CNB (n = 144) for diagnosis of thyroid nodules and then proceeded with surgery were included. Surgical pathologic diagnosis was the reference standard. Diagnostic performances of FNA and CNB to predict malignancy and neoplasm were compared. Propensity score matching was used to match patients with FNA with those with CNB because there were significant differences in the number of nodules and nodule characteristics between the FNA and CNB groups. RESULTS: Before matching, the sensitivity and accuracy of FNA were significantly higher or comparable with those of CNB, and the specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value were comparable. After matching, the diagnostic performances were similar, with the exception of specificity for predicting neoplasm being higher with CNB than with FNA. CONCLUSION: FNA showed comparable diagnostic performance to CNB; therefore, there may be no benefit in performing CNB to diagnose papillary thyroid carcinoma and neoplasm. KEY POINTS: ⢠Diagnostic performances of FNA and CNB for thyroid malignancy and neoplasm were compared. ⢠FNA showed comparable performances to CNB both before and after statistical matching. ⢠There may be no benefit in performing CNB, given the comparable performances.
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Adenocarcinoma Folicular/patología , Biopsia con Aguja Fina , Biopsia con Aguja Gruesa , Carcinoma Papilar/patología , Biopsia Guiada por Imagen , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Nódulo Tiroideo/patología , Adenocarcinoma Folicular/diagnóstico por imagen , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biopsia con Aguja , Carcinoma Papilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Niño , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Puntaje de Propensión , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/diagnóstico por imagen , Nódulo Tiroideo/diagnóstico por imagen , Carga Tumoral , Ultrasonografía , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
(1) Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-known disease that causes comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is necessary to develop diagnostic tools to prevent DM. Handgrip strength, a known diagnostic tool for sarcopenia, is a predictor of several diseases. However, the value of handgrip strength as an indicator of incident DM in Asian populations remains unknown. This study aimed to identify the relationship between handgrip strength and incidence of DM in Korean adults according to sex. (2) Methods: A total of 173,195 participants registered in a nationwide cohort were included in this study. After applying the exclusion criteria, 33,326 participants remained. DM occurred in 1473 individuals during the follow-up period (mean follow-up period, 4.1 years). To reduce the impact of body size, the study population was subdivided into quartiles of relative handgrip strength, defined as absolute handgrip strength divided by body mass index. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the relative handgrip strength was inversely associated with new-onset DM. (3) Results: Compared with the lowest quartile (Q1), the hazard ratios (HRs) [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] for new-onset DM for the highest quartiles (Q4) was 0.60 (0.43-0.84) in men and 0.72 (0.52-0.99) in women after adjusting for confounding factors. The incidence of DM decreased with the increase in the relative handgrip strength. These inverse relationships were statistically more significant in men than in women. (4) Conclusions: This novel study revealed that relative handgrip strength is related to incident DM in both men and women. Relative handgrip strength can be used as a practical tool to prevent DM. Regular measurement of handgrip strength can be used to detect DM.
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The lack of an appropriate preclinical model of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) that recapitulates the whole disease spectrum impedes exploration of disease pathophysiology and the development of effective treatment strategies. Here, we develop a mouse model (Streptozotocin with high-fat diet, STZ + HFD) that gradually develops fatty liver, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), hepatic fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the context of metabolic dysfunction. The hepatic transcriptomic features of STZ + HFD mice closely reflect those of patients with obesity accompanying type 2 diabetes mellitus, MASH, and MASLD-related HCC. Dietary changes and tirzepatide administration alleviate MASH, hepatic fibrosis, and hepatic tumorigenesis in STZ + HFD mice. In conclusion, a murine model recapitulating the main histopathologic, transcriptomic, and metabolic alterations observed in MASLD patients is successfully established.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Animales , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Masculino , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Ratones , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Humanos , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Hígado Graso/metabolismo , Hígado Graso/patología , Estreptozocina , Cirrosis Hepática/metabolismo , Cirrosis Hepática/patología , Transcriptoma , Obesidad/metabolismo , Obesidad/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/metabolismo , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/patología , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/complicacionesRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Neuroimaging is recommended for patients with seizures to identify intracranial pathology. However, emergency physicians should consider the risks and benefits of neuroimaging in pediatric patients because of their need for sedation and greater sensitivity to radiation than adults. The purpose of this study was to identify associated factors of neuroimaging abnormalities in pediatric patients experiencing their first afebrile seizure. METHODS: This was a retrospective, multicenter study that included children who presented to the emergency departments (ED) of three hospitals due to afebrile seizures between January 2018-December 2020. We excluded children with a history of seizure or acute trauma and those with incomplete medical records. A single protocol was followed in the three EDs for all pediatric patients experiencing their first afebrile seizure. We performed multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with neuroimaging abnormalities. RESULTS: In total, 323 pediatric patients fulfilled the study criteria, and neuroimaging abnormalities were observed in 95 patients (29.4%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that Todd's paralysis (odds ratio [OR] 3.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-13.36; P=0.04), absence of poor oral intake (POI) (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.05-0.98; P=0.05), lactic acidosis (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.04-1.30; P=0.01), and higher level of bilirubin (OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.11-9.95; P=0.03) were significantly associated with neuroimaging abnormalities. Based on these results, we constructed a nomogram to predict the probability of brain imaging abnormalities. CONCLUSION: Todd's paralysis, absence of POI, and higher levels of lactic acid and bilirubin were associated factors of neuroimaging abnormalities in pediatric patients with afebrile seizure.
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Neuroimagen , Convulsiones , Adulto , Niño , Humanos , Lactante , Estudios Retrospectivos , Convulsiones/complicaciones , Parálisis/complicaciones , Servicio de Urgencia en HospitalRESUMEN
Introduction: The suicide rate of middle-aged adults has increased rapidly, which is a significant public health concern. A depressed mood and suicidal ideation are significant risk factors for suicide, and non-pharmacological interventions such as exercise therapy have been suggested as potential treatments. Walking is a feasible and accessible form of exercise therapy for middle-aged adults. Methods: We conducted a study based on the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018) data of 6,886 general middle-aged adults in South Korea to investigate the relationships of walking exercise with depressed mood and suicidal ideation. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for confounding variables. Sampling weights were applied to obtain estimates for the general Korean population. Results: Participants who walked ≥5 days per week had a significantly lower odds ratio (OR) for depressed mood [OR = 0.625, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.424-0.921, p = 0.018] and suicidal ideation (OR = 0.252, 95% CI: 0.125-0.507, p < 0.001) compared to those who never walked, regardless of the duration of exercise. The same results were obtained for males after stratifying the data by sex and suicidal ideation was associated with walking in females. Conclusion: Regular walking exercise was associated with diminished mental health problems in middle-aged adults. Light walks may serve as a useful starting point for patients with serious mental health issues, such as suicidal ideation.
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common renal diseases manifested by gradual loss of kidney function with no symptoms in the early stage. The underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of CKD with various causes such as high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, and kidney infection is not well understood. In vivo longitudinal repetitive cellular-level observation of the kidney of the CKD animal model can provide novel insights to diagnose and treat the CKD by visualizing the dynamically changing pathophysiology of CKD with its progression over time. In this study, using two-photon intravital microscopy with a single 920â nm fixed-wavelength fs-pulsed laser, we longitudinally and repetitively observed the kidney of an adenine diet-induced CKD mouse model for 30 days. Interestingly, we could successfully visualize the 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA) crystal formation with a second-harmonics generation (SHG) signal and the morphological deterioration of renal tubules with autofluorescence using a single 920â nm two-photon excitation. The longitudinal in vivo two-photon imaging results of increasing 2,8-DHA crystals and decreasing tubular area ratio visualized by SHG and autofluorescence signal, respectively, were highly correlated with the CKD progression monitored by a blood test showing increased cystatin C and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels over time. This result suggests the potential of label-free second-harmonics generation crystal imaging as a novel optical technique for in vivo CKD progression monitoring.
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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to lead to many diseases such as cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney diseases. Therefore, it is essential to find diagnostic tools to prevent DM. This study aimed to find the association between handgrip strength and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Korean adults with respect to sex and menopause. A total of 26,536 participants (12,247 men, 6977 premenopausal women, and 7312 postmenopausal women) aged >19 years were recruited. The study population was divided into quartiles of relative handgrip strength. Logistic regression was used to analyse the association between relative handgrip strength and the prevalence of DM. Compared with the lowest quartile, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)) the prevalence of DM for the fourth quartile (Q4) was 0.57 (0.43−0.75) after adjusting for confounding factors in men; 0.33 (0.14−0.75), premenopausal women; and 0.82 (0.63−1.07), postmenopausal women. The prevalence of DM decreased as relative handgrip strength increased. This inverse association was more significant in men and premenopausal women than that in postmenopausal women.
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Seizure is one of the most common neurologic disorders in pediatric emergency department visits. Early detection of epilepsy development in children with afebrile seizures is important. We identified predictors of epilepsy development in children with their first afebrile seizure. In this retrospective multicenter study, we enrolled pediatric patients aged 1 month to 18 years who presented with afebrile seizures at the emergency department from January 2017 to December 2020. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with epilepsy development. A total of 417 pediatric patients were enrolled, 161 (38.6%) of whom developed epilepsy. From the multivariable logistic regression analysis, older age at onset (2−5 years, odds ratio [OR] 2.611, p = 0.010; 11−15 years, OR 3.138, p = 0.003; 16−18 years, OR 4.292, p = 0.002), longer seizure duration of more than 10 min (OR 4.869, p = 0.006), two or more seizures (OR 2.378, p = 0.004), lethargy (OR 2.341, p = 0.021), and a lactate level > 2.27 mg/dL (OR 4.205, p < 0.001) were significant predictors for the development of epilepsy in children experiencing their first afebrile seizure.
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Oral mucosa is a soft tissue lining the inside of the mouth, protecting the oral cavity from microbiological insults. The mucosal immune system is composed of diverse types of cells that defend against a wide range of pathogens. The pathophysiology of various oral mucosal diseases has been studied mostly by ex vivo histological analysis of harvested specimens. However, to analyze dynamic cellular processes in the oral mucosa, longitudinal in vivo observation of the oral mucosa in a single mouse during pathogenesis is a highly desirable and efficient approach. Herein, by utilizing micro GRIN lens-based rotatory side-view confocal endomicroscopy, we demonstrated non-invasive longitudinal cellular-level in vivo imaging of the oral mucosa, visualizing fluorescently labeled cells including various immune cells, pericytes, nerve cells, and lymphatic and vascular endothelial cells. With rotational and sliding movement of the side-view endomicroscope on the oral mucosa, we successfully achieved a multi-color wide-area cellular-level visualization in a noninvasive manner. By using a transgenic mouse expressing photoconvertible protein, Kaede, we achieved longitudinal repetitive imaging of the same microscopic area in the buccal mucosa of a single mouse for up to 10 days. Finally, we performed longitudinal intravital visualization of the oral mucosa in a DNFB-derived oral contact allergy mouse model, which revealed highly dynamic spatiotemporal changes of CSF1R or LysM expressing immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes in response to allergic challenge for one week. This technique can be a useful tool to investigate the complex pathophysiology of oral mucosal diseases.
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Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria pose an impending threat to humanity, as the evolution of MDR bacteria outpaces the development of effective antibiotics. In this work, we use indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots (QDs) to treat infections caused by MDR bacteria via photodynamic therapy (PDT), which shows superior bactericidal efficiency over common antibiotics. PDT in the presence of InP QDs results in high-efficiency bactericidal activity towards various bacterial species, including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Upon light absorption, InP QDs generate superoxide (O2Ë-), which leads to efficient and selective killing of MDR bacteria while mammalian cells remain intact. The cytotoxicity evaluation reveals that InP QDs are bio- and blood-compatible in a wide therapeutic window. For the in vivo study, we drop a solution of InP QDs at a concentration within the therapeutic window onto MDR S. aureus-infected skin wounds of mice and perform PDT for 15 min. InP QDs show excellent therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy in treating MDR bacterial infection. These findings show that InP QDs have great potential to serve as antibacterial agents for MDR bacterial infection treatment, as an effective and complementary alternative to conventional antibiotics.
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Infecciones Bacterianas , Staphylococcus aureus , Humanos , Infecciones Bacterianas/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The liver plays a central role in lipid metabolism. During fasting and feeding, the fatty acid trafficking between adipose tissue and liver induces accumulation and dissociation of dynamic hepatic lipid droplets (LDs). Herein, we established an intravital 2-photon imaging technique to longitudinally visualize the dynamic in vivo alteration of hepatic LD deposition during fasting and refeeding in the liver of live mouse. METHODS: Intravital 2-photon imaging of liver was performed to observe hepatic LD alteration induced by fasting for different periods of time, 12, 24, and 48 hours followed by refeeding. Hepatic LDs were fluorescently labelled in vivo by intravenous injection of Seoul-Flour 44 and visualized by custom-built intravital 2-photon microscope. RESULTS: Significant increases of the number and size of hepatic LDs were observed by intravital 2-photon imaging of the liver after 12 hours of fasting. The degree of hepatic LD accumulation continuously increased with fasting up to 48 hours. Remarkably, with refeeding for 24 hours, the hepatic LDs accumulated by fasting were fully dissociated and the LD occupancy in the liver was recovered to the normal state. CONCLUSION: Utilizing intravital 2-photon microscope with in vivo systemic fluorescent labeling of LD in live mice, dynamic alterations of hepatic LDs such as accumulation and dissociation by fasting and refeeding were successfully visualized at a subcellular level in vivo. The established method enabling the in vivo visualization of LDs will be a useful tool to investigate the pathophysiology of various diseases associated with dysregulated lipid metabolism.
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INTRODUCTION: Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts are major risk factors for suicidal death, and sleep problems are associated with an increased risk for mental disorders. We investigated the relationship between sleep duration and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in a representative sample of the Korean general population from a nationwide survey. METHODS: We analyzed data collected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI and VII (2013-2018). Suicidal ideation was identified via self-report, and we accessed suicide attempt history. Sleep duration was divided into three categories: short sleep duration (SSD) (≤5 h), normal sleep duration (NSD) (>5 and <9 h), and long sleep duration (LSD) (≥9 h). Sampling weights were applied to obtain estimates for the general Korean population. RESULTS: Overall, 4015 (12.0%), 25,609 (76.5%), and 3857 (11.5%) participants were in the SSD, NSD, and LSD groups, respectively. Among these groups, 7.2%, 2.8%, and 3.3% reported suicidal ideation; while 1.2%, 0.4%, and 0.7% reported a history of suicide attempts. Multiple regression analyses revealed that SSD was significantly more strongly associated with suicidal ideation (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.46, p < 0.001) and attempts (AOR 2.05, p = 0.003) than NSD. No association was found between LSD and suicidal ideation/attempts. CONCLUSION: Sleep duration is significantly associated with suicidal behavior, and SSD was particularly closely related with an increased risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. Clinicians should carefully consider sleep duration in suicidal patients.
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Trastornos Mentales , Ideación Suicida , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Encuestas Nutricionales , República de Corea/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Sueño , Intento de SuicidioRESUMEN
Lower back pain (LBP) is the most common musculoskeletal complaint and significantly reduces the quality of life. Muscle weakness is a major cause of LBP. Handgrip strength (HGS) is widely used to determine general muscle strength. Relative HGS (RHGS) incorporates body mass and provides a more accurate estimation of muscle strength and health status. We analyzed the data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to investigate the association between RHGS and chronic LBP. We identified 14,930 participants and excluded a total of 9553 participants with age < 50 years, with incomplete LBP information, and with incomplete HGS information. We analyzed the data of 5377 participants: 1086 (20.19%) with chronic LBP and 4291 (79.8%) without chronic LBP. Multivariate regression analysis with adjustment for covariates identified an association between weak RHGS and chronic LBP (odds ratio 1.31; CI 1.07-1.61; p = 0.01). This article demonstrated a significant association between RHGS and chronic LBP. Therefore, RHGS should be measured for patients with chronic LBP.
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Dolor de la Región Lumbar , Estudios Transversales , Fuerza de la Mano , Humanos , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas Nutricionales , Calidad de Vida , República de Corea/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases closely associated with the metabolic system, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. The progression of NAFLD with advanced fibrosis is associated with an increased risk of liver cirrhosis and cancer as well as various extra-hepatic diseases. Yet, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood partly due to the absence of effective high-resolution in vivo imaging methods and the appropriate animal models recapitulating the pathology of NAFLD. To improve our understanding about complex pathophysiology of NAFLD, the need for an advanced imaging methodology to visualize and quantify subcellular-level features of NAFLD in vivo over time is ever-increasing. In this study, we established an advanced in vivo two-photon imaging technique to visualize and quantify subcellular-level pathological features of NAFLD in a live mouse animal developing hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and disrupted microvasculature.
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Chronic knee pain (CKP) can degrade the quality of life and cause dysfunction, resulting in the loss of independence. Psychological stress not only affects physical and mental health but is also a risk factor for CKP. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015), and investigated the association between CKP and psychological stress of the Korean general population. The CKP status was determined based on survey responses of self-reported knee pain lasting for more than 30 days during the last 3 months. Psychological stress was classified as none, mild, moderate, or severe. The association between CKP and psychological stress was analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis considering co-variables and demographic data. Logistic regression analysis adjusting for co-variables indicated that the risk of CKP increased with an increasing degree of stress, from mild (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.35-2.03, p < 0.001) to moderate (OR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.56-2.57, p < 0.001) and severe (OR = 3.02, 95% CI 2.08-4.37, p < 0.001). A significant association between the risk of CKP and psychological stress was identified. Therefore, when evaluating patients with CKP, it may be helpful for clinicians to check the degree of stress.