Evaluation of a Structured Light Scanner for 3D Facial Imaging: A Comparative Study with Direct Anthropometry.

This study evaluates the accuracy and repeatability of craniofacial measurements with a 3D light scanner, specifically the EINSTAR scanner, in comparison to traditional caliper measurements for facial anthropometry. Eleven volunteers were assessed by two examiners, one experienced and one inexperienced, who performed direct caliper measurements and indirect measurements using the scanner. Results indicated minimal differences between caliper and scanner results, with overall high accuracy and reliability demonstrated by correlation coefficients. Despite the slightly longer scanning time, the benefits of 3D imaging, including detailed surface mapping and virtual modeling, justify its integration into clinical practice, particularly in maxillofacial surgery and craniofacial assessment. Craniofacial measurements obtained with the EINSTAR scanner showed excellent reliability and accuracy, which qualifies this method for clinical and scientific use.

Periodontitis as a risk for oral cancer: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: The aetiology of oral cancer is multifactorial, as various risk factors (genetics, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors) contribute to its development. Data in the literature suggest that people with periodontal disease have an increased risk of developing oral cancer, and the severity of periodontitis correlates with the appearance of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this study was to revise the non-genetic risk factors that may influence the development of OC, while focusing on the dental and periodontal status and OH. METHODS: Two hundred patients (hundred diagnosed with oral cancer and hundred without oral cancer) were enrolled in our case-control study, to evaluate the association between oral cancer and the presence and severity of periodontitis, while examining several risk factors that might be responsible for oral cancer formation. A questionnaire customised for oral cancer patients was used to obtain the socioeconomic and lifestyle risk factors that may influence the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The dental and periodontal status along with the level of oral hygiene was recorded quantitatively. The chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests and logistic regression were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: By considering both the case and the control groups, a significant correlation was found between the incidence of oral cancer and some socioeconomic factors and lifestyle habits, such as the sex, age, education and alcohol consumption of an individual. The mean value of the Silness-Löe plaque index was significantly higher in the case population. The number of completely edentulous patients was higher among the oral cancer population. The incidence of oral cancer was 57.1% in patients with periodontal disease. In comparison, the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma was only 28.6% among the patients without periodontitis. Most of the oral cancer patients (72.1%) had stage 4 periodontitis. On the other hand, the vast majority of the control group (51.6%) had stage 2 periodontitis. CONCLUSION: Periodontitis can be an individual risk factor for oral cancer development. Periodontally compromised individuals should be strictly monitored, especially those with severe periodontitis and coexisting lifestyle risk factors. Maintaining their periodontal health in at-risk patients can minimize cancer risks.

[Prevalence and severity of chronic parodontitis and oral mucosal lesions in chronic obstructive lung disease]. / A krónikus parodontitis, illetve szájnyálkahártya-laesiók elofordulása és súlyossága krónikus obstruktív tüdobetegségben.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic parodontitis is a prevalent oral disease that may lead to the loss of teeth independently of caries. Some systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure) may aggravate chronic parodontitis. On the other hand, this oral disease may aggravate other systemic diseases. Earlier studies suggested a correlation between chronic parodontitis and very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). AIM: The aim of our study was the investigation of the correlation between chronic parodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHOD: We have recruited patients of the Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, in the study. Volunteers were assigned into a COPD (n = 29) and control group (n = 45). Airflow limitation of the COPD group (FEV1/FVC: 61.52 ± 3.2%) corresponded to GOLD 2 (global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease; FEV1: 52.66 ± 3.57%). Oral health assessment included mean and maximal clinical attachment loss, mobility of teeth, decayed/filled and missing teeth, Löe-Silness, oral hygiene and bleeding on probing indexes. One-way ANOVA and non-parametric Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Oral health of the COPD group was worse than that of the controls. In this group the mean and maximal clinical attachment loss, mobility of teeth, the Löe-Silness, the oral hygiene and bleeding on probing indexes were higher. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the positive correlation between chronic parodontitis and a moderate level of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, it is not clear whether the COPD-associated systemic inflammation aggravated the oral status or the chronic parodontitis influenced negatively chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(21): 831-836.

[Incidence of type 2 diabetes among oral cancer patients in Hungary]. / A 2-es típusú diabetes mellitus prevalenciájának változása szájüregi carcinomás betegek körében.

INTRODUCTION: Data proves that Hungary has a leading role in the statistics of oral cancer and patients living with type 2 diabetes. AIM: Our aim was to understand the statistical correlation between oral cancer and metabolic disorder (diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose) due to the valuable data from the Semmelweis University. METHOD: We analyzed the data of 835 patients diagnosed with malignant oral cancer and 587 tumor-free control patients. We investigated the incidence and location of oral cancer among patients living with diabetes, and compared these datasets with our previous data from 14 years earlier. RESULTS: We found that in oral cancer patients, 26.1% had diabetes and 20.8% had impaired fasting glucose; in the control group these ratios were 10.8% and 11.1%. This difference is significant (p<0.05). 14 years ago in the tumor group 14.6%, in the control group 5.6% had diabetes, while 9.7% and 5.5% had impaired fasting glucose. Lip cancer had the biggest incidence. CONCLUSIONS: The rise of type 2 diabetes in the tumor group was significant. This could be a burden for the health care system. We want to highlight the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation between health care professionals. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(20): 803-807.

[The prognostic role of expression of p16 tumor suppressor gene in Hungarian patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma]. / A p16 tumorszuppresszor expressziójának prognosztikai szerepe magyarországi szájüregi laphámrákokban.

Beside smoking and alcohol consumption, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common risk factor of squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region (HNSCC). The latter group of patients associates with better prognosis. During HPV infection, the level of p16 tumor suppressor elevates, which could give an additional opportunity for diagnosis: instead of molecular diagnostic tools, the application of immunohistochemistry is acceptable. However, the majority of the published studies focused on the whole head and neck region and did not separately handled cancers of the oral cavity. Our recent work analyzed the expression of p16 in 67 oral squamous cancers, and compared to routine clinicopathologic parameters. From surgical samples tissue microarray blocks were prepared and expression of p16 as well as other molecular markers (p53, Ki67, EGFR) were studied. In contrast to previous studies on HNSCC, with the exception of recurrence, the expression of p16 was not found associated to clinicopathologic parameters. Nuclear stabilization of p53 appeared mainly in younger patients. The expression of p53 and EGFR significantly correlated to each other. We concluded that traditional molecular categorization of HNSCC could not be completely adaptable to Hungarian samples. Potential coexposition of common etiological factors (e.g. HPV, smoking, alcohol) could blur borders between distinct categories.

Clinical outcomes of NBF gel application in managing mucositis associated with xerostomia.

BACKGROUND: Xerostomia, or dry mouth, can be a temporary or persistent symptom resulting from various factors, such as medication use, therapeutic radiation, chemotherapy, autoimmune conditions (e.g., Sjögren's syndrome), and hormonal imbalances. Xerostomia often leads to associated mucositis, which significantly impacts patients' quality of life. The nano-bio-fusion (NBF) gingival gel, a gel-type functional toothpaste containing vitamins C, E, propolis, and herbal extracts in a nano-emulsion state, has shown potential in accelerating the healing of oral mucosal lesions. METHODS: A total of 127 patients (102 females, 25 males) with persistent xerostomia were treated from 2018 to 2023. Of these, 32 patients were treated exclusively with NBF Gel, while 95 patients received NBF Gel in combination with other medications, such as pilocarpine. The underlying causes of xerostomia included irradiation and chemotherapy (12 patients), medication (40 patients), hormonal imbalance (28 patients), and Sjögren's syndrome (47 patients). NBF Gel was applied 2-3 times daily to the tongue and oral mucosa. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated through physical examinations and a patient-reported scale ranging from 1 (no improvement) to 10 (complete improvement), focusing on the healing of mucosal lesions rather than saliva production. RESULTS: Both treatment groups showed significant improvements in the healing of xerostomia-associated mucositis, particularly in severe cases with visible lesions. Patients treated with NBF Gel reported improved symptoms related to mucosal health, while those who received combination therapy also experienced reduced side effects of pilocarpine due to dose reduction. The most substantial improvements were observed in patients with drug-induced and hormonally-caused xerostomia-related mucositis. No adverse side effects from NBF Gel were reported during the study. CONCLUSION: NBF gingival gel proved to be beneficial in accelerating the healing of mucositis associated with xerostomia, regardless of the underlying cause, including medication use, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormonal imbalances, and Sjögren's syndrome. It presents a promising adjunctive treatment to improve mucosal health and quality of life for patients suffering from xerostomia-associated mucositis.

Classification of acacia, rape and multifloral Hungarian honey types.

The composition of honey is mostly determined by the species-specific characteristics of flowering plants, which is reflected in the significant deviations in composition of honey varieties. The high-quality acacia honey is assessed based on both physical-chemical parameters and melissopalynology. The appearance of rape pollen in acacia honey makes the acacia honey be sorted into the multifloral honey category. Over carrying out melissopalynology, the149 samples of various honeys (acacia, rape and multifloral) have also been analysed by using physical-chemical and elemental analysis. Multivariate data analysis revealed that multifloral honey is much closer to acacia honey than to rape honey, as it can be observed from the examined unique parameters. By the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) analysis based on united set of physico-chemical and melissopalynology results the acacia and rape honey samples are entirely separated for each other, while multifloral honey samples are very close to acacia honey group and partially overlap with it. On ignoring the pollen analysis and based on the rest of the results, the multifloral honey category is almost indistinguishable from the declared and verified acacia honey category.

Outcomes of treatment with short dental implants compared with standard-length implants: a retrospective clinical study.

BACKGROUND: The size of dental implants is a key success factor for appropriate osseointegration. Using shorter implants allows the possibility of avoiding complex surgical procedures and reduces the morbidity of treatment. Shorter implants also enable implant-prosthetic rehabilitation after maxillofacial reconstructions where only limited bone is available. In this study, the success rates of short implants were examined and compared to those of standard-sized implants. METHODS: Patients who received dental implants between 2007 and 2016 at the Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology Semmelweis University were enrolled in the study. Several clinical parameters were recorded and supplemented with radiological examinations. The data were statistically analysed. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients with a total of 60 implants were included. The average time after prosthetic loading was 39.33 ± 21.96 months in the group with 8-mm implants and 41.6 ± 27.5 months in the group with > 8-mm implants. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of probing depth (short implants, 2.84 ± 0.09 mm; standard implants, 2.91 ± 0.35 mm) or mean marginal bone loss (short implants, 1.2 ± 1.21-mm mesially and 1.36 ± 1.47-mm distally; standard implants: 0.63 ± 0.80-mm mesially and 0.78 ± 0.70-mm distally). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the success rate of short dental implants was comparable to that of standard-sized implants. Consequently, it can be claimed that the long-term success of short dental implants does not differ significantly from the long-term success of standard implants.

Examination of certain single-nucleotide polymorphisms of interleukins 1A and 1B in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw - An ambirectional cohort study.

AIM: The aim of this study was to examine particular single-nucleotide polymorphisms (IL-1A-889 C/T - rs1800587, IL-1B +3953 C/T - rs 1143634) of interleukins 1A and 1B in the development and prognosis of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DentiGen Parodontitis Tests were applied for collecting samples. This test is suitable for sampling oral mucosa cells in order to detect interleukins 1A and 1B single nucleotide polymorphisms (IL-1A-889, IL-1B+3953). Genetic samples were evaluated in the Istenhegyi Genediagnostic Center using the DNA-hybridization method. Genetic samples were collected in the patient group and the control group. The role of gene polymorphisms in the development of the disease was investigated by comparing the genetic results for the patient and control groups. The investigation of gene polymorphisms in disease prognosis is based on stage improvement, recovery, and relapses following treatment. RESULTS: In total, 91 patients with MRONJ and 59 healthy controls were included in the study. 51 patients in the patient group and 37 controls had unfavorable allelic variants. No association (Mp = 1.42, SDp = 0.496, Mc = 1.35, SDc = 0.482, p = 0.52) was found between unfavorable polymorphisms and the development of the MRONJ. In the patient group, surgical therapy was required in 79 cases. Stage improvement was detected in 78 cases, recovery in 67 cases, and relapse in 33 cases. No stage improvement was found in one case, recovery in nine cases, or relapse in 34 cases. Of the 79 patients requiring surgical therapy, 49 had unfavorable allelic variants. No connection was found between the polymorphisms examined and stage improvement (Mp = 1.37, SDp = 0.486, Mnp = 2, SDnp = -, p = 0.800) or recovery (Mp = 1.39, SDp = 0.491, Mnp = 1.44, SDnp = 0.527, p = 0.990). However, a significant association (Mp = 1.21, SDp = 0.415, Mnp = 1.58, SDnp = 0.502, p < 0.001) was found between relapses and the presence of unfavorable allelic variants. CONCLUSION: Within the possible limitations of this study, it can be assumed that the analysis of certain single-nucleotide polymorphisms of interleukin-1 may have the potential to help define the risk stratification of MRONJ after surgical therapy.

Solitary ameloblastic fibroma with impacted teeth: A case report.

This case report aimed to describe a rare benign mandibular tumour and assess the outcomes of the most recent reviews, between January 2017 and August 2023. Presenting a detailed clinical case, this study advances our understanding of the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects, ultimately improving the management of similar cases in clinical practice. Orthopantomogram (OPG) revealed a well-defined unilocular radiolucency extending from the midline of the ramus and teeth 47 and 48 were submerged at the base of the mandible. In the presented case, a PLANMECA ROMEXIS PROMAX® three-dimensional (3D) maximum (MAX) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) device was used for the 3D examination. An intraoral approach was preferred and the tumour was removed in toto by creating a bone window using a W&H® Dentalwerk Bürmoos GmbH Piezomed piezoelectric device, and the bone plates were fixed with 4 MEDARTIS® microplates, with a primary flap closure. A PANORAMIC 1000, 3DHISTECH Ltd® device was employed for the histological investigation. Odontogenic tumours are rare and typically asymptomatic, often discovered incidentally during routine radiographic examinations. Most of these benign lesions heal well after complete excision and require long-term follow-up. Once diagnosed, ameloblastic fibroma (AF) should be treated immediately to avoid malignant transformation.

[The prognostic role of age in oral cancer. A clinical study]. / Az életkor jelentõsége malignus szájüregi daganatok prognózisakor. Klinikai vizsgálat.

The problem of malignant tumors developing in a young age is a topic of special importance and subject of intensive research. The occurrence of oral cavity tumors shows a decreasing trend worldwide, while the incidences of oral squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed at young adulthood is increasing. The etiology of tumors developing in young age is not yet fully understood, however, it can be stated that the usual high-risk behavioral patterns (i.e. smoking and alcohol abuse) play only a minor role in this patient group, if any. Our own observations indicate a higher regional and locoregional relapse for these patients and, although they turn for help early, at an early stage of the disease, a lower chance of survival. The target of our research was to analyze the differences in certain etiological, pathological and clinical parameters of our own patient group consisting of both young and older patients. The data of 105 young (<50 years) and, as a control group, 105 older (>50 years) patients were analyzed. The patients have undergone surgery and, if necessary, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. The tumor-specific survival was determined at 36 months. Our study aimed at understanding the relationship between the clinical prognostic factors (stage, localization, anamnestic time), smoking habits, gender and age of the patients. Relationship between cancer occurrence (local, locoregional relapse) and survival rate, as well as age and survival rate were analyzed. We found that young patients report themselves for treatment at an early stage. Smoking and alcohol abuse were considerably less. When a relapse occurs, it occurs more frequently and earlier than at older patients. The most decisive correlation was observed between age and anamnestic time, age and number of cigarettes smoked, age and time elapsed until relapse, as well as age and cancer-specific survival. Moreover, cancer-specific survival of patients younger than 50 years of age was found significantly shorter than in the control group.

[A 40 year old palatal neurofibroma. A case report]. / 40 éve növekvo neurofibroma a palatumon. Esetismertetés.

Neurofibroma is a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumour, which arises from Schwann cells and perineural fibroblasts. It is one of the most frequent tumours of neural origin and its presence is one of the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF-I) also known as von Recklinghausen's disease (VRD). Oral localization is rarer showing an incidence ranging from 4 to 7% in most series of different authors. The most frequent involvement site in oral neurofibromatosis is the tongue, followed by the oral mucosa and floor of the mouth; palate and maxillary-mandibular bones are a rare localization of the disease. The aim of this article is to report a case of NF-I with a huge, quite old palatal involvement and its treatment.

Congruence Concept for Comparison of Spectra.

This paper introduces an alternative, easy-to-implement spectrum comparison concept. The evaluation procedure is illustrated by artificial and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectra, which it can also be extended to other spectrometries (e.g., ultraviolet-visible or UV-Vis and Raman). The evaluation for the comparison of two spectra is divided into four phases: (i) spectrum pre-treatment (e.g., smoothing and background correction), (ii) standard normal variate (SNV) transformation, (iii) regression analysis of SNV spectra, and (iv) calculation of the quantification index (FG). The FG is derived from the formula of R2. It characterizes and quantifies the identity and/or similarity of the compared spectra.

[Dental care and prevention possibilities for the mentally disabled currently]. / Az értelmi fogyatékkal élok fogászati kezelése és prevenciós lehetoségei napjainkban.

INTRODUCTION: In Hungary, dental care and prevention for mentally disabled individuals are becoming increasingly challenging. Currently, there are 100,000 intellectually disabled individuals in the country who require "special medical care". OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to develop and modify a relatively simple preventive procedure, adjusted to the mental capabilities of the patients, and implement it within a selected group. The study aimed to assess the results after 3 and 6 months, respectively, and to compare them with the international literature. METHOD: The preventive procedure was introduced to 49 patients admitted to the institute of Csömör Nursing Home and Daycare Institute of the Foundation for Equal Opportunities. To ensure the accuracy of the data, the patients were examined separately by 3 doctors. The program began with dental care training for both patients and nursing staff. The periodontal examinations were carried out by the team's periodontologist. The patients were checked after 3 and 6 months, respectively, and the data were recorded. RESULTS: No changes were registered in terms of the DMF-T index during this short period of time, therefore we applied the restorative index. However, a significant improvement was observed in the periodontal condition. DISCUSSION: The preventive procedure proved to be effective, considering the fact that all patients had periodontal problems due to neglected oral hygiene. As there was a significant improvement in the periodontal condition, an improvement of the DMF-T index dentition of the patients can also be expected in the future. CONCLUSION: Enhanced oral hygiene (advancing towards "normal oral hygiene" from the neglected oral hygiene of the patients) can bring about considerable improvement in the case of patients needing special medical care. To attain positive results, a proper approach and regular motivation are essential for both patients and caregivers. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(37): 1456-1461.

Association between Hyperglycemia and Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ).

BACKGROUND: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a type of jawbone necrosis caused by the use of drugs for some types of cancer and osteoporosis. The current study aimed to evaluate the associations between hyperglycemia and the development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. METHODS: Our research group investigated data collected between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2020. A total of 260 patients were selected from the Inpatient Care Unit, Department of Oromaxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, Semmelweis University. Fasting glucose data were used and included in the study. RESULTS: Approximately 40% of the necrosis group and 21% of the control group presented with hyperglycemia. There was a significant association between hyperglycemia and MRONJ (p < 0.05, p = 0.003). Vascular anomaly and immune dysfunction caused by hyperglycemia can lead to necrosis after tooth extraction. Necrosis is more common in the mandible (75.0%) and in the case of parenteral antiresorptive treatment (intravenous Zoledronate and subcutaneous Denosumab). Hyperglycemia is a more relevant risk factor than bad oral habits (26.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Ischemia is a complication of abnormal glucose levels, a possible risk factor for necrosis development. Hence, uncontrolled or poorly regulated plasma glucose levels can significantly increase the risk of jawbone necrosis after invasive dental or oral surgical interventions.

Enhancement of Hydrophilicity of Nano-Pitted TiO2 Surface Using Phosphoric Acid Etching.

Our research group developed a novel nano-pitted (NP) TiO2 surface on grade 2 titanium that showed good mechanical, osteogenic, and antibacterial properties; however, it showed weak hydrophilicity. Our objective was to develop a surface treatment method to enhance the hydrophilicity of the NP TiO2 surface without the destruction of the nano-topography. The effects of dilute and concentrated orthophosphoric (H3PO4) and nitric acids were investigated on wettability using contact angle measurement. Optical profilometry and atomic force microscopy were used for surface roughness measurement. The chemical composition of the TiO2 surface and the oxidation state of Ti was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The ccH3PO4 treatment significantly increased the wettability of the NP TiO2 surfaces (30°) compared to the untreated control (88°). The quantity of the absorbed phosphorus significantly increased following ccH3PO4 treatment compared to the control and caused the oxidation state of titanium to decrease (Ti4+ → Ti3+). Owing to its simplicity and robustness the presented surface treatment method may be utilized in the industrial-scale manufacturing of titanium implants.

[Carbon/carbon implants in oral and maxillofacial surgery -- part 1]. / Karbon/karbon implantátumok az arc- és állcsontsebészetben - 1. rész.

UNLABELLED: Over the past 20-30 years various carbon implant materials have become more interesting, because they are well accepted by the biological environment. The traditional carbon-based polymers give rise to many complications. The polymer complication may be eliminated through carbon fibres bound by pyrocarbon (carbon/carbon). AIM: The aim of this study is to present the long-term results of carbon/carbon implants. METHODS: Mandibular reconstruction was performed with pure (99.99%) carbon implants in 16 patients. Predominantly tumorous cases were included (10 malignant tumors, 4 large cystic lesions and 2 augmentative processes). RESULTS: Because the interventions had been performed 6-8 years before the last follow-up visit, the authors report long-term results. Of the 16 patients, the implants had to be removed earlier in 5 patients because of the defect that arose on the oral mucosa above the carbon plates. The most probable cause of this complication was the strain in the oral mucosa and disturbances in its blood supply (previous surgery, irradiated tissue, etc.). During the long-term follow-up, plate fracture, loosening of screws, infection or inflammation around the carbon/carbon implants were not observed. After 8 years one carbon implant was substituted with an autogenous bone. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical conclusion is that if the soft part cover is appropriate, the carbon implants are cosmetically and functionally more suitable than titanium plates. The structural and chemical investigation of the removed implant will be published in the near future.

[The characteristics of oral lichen planus]. / A lichen szájüregi vonatkozásai. Osszefoglaló referátum.

Lichen is a chronic, mucocutan disease with unknown origin. Oral lesions are usually bilateral, the most frequent location of the reticular form is the posterior part of the buccal mucosa. It undergo only rarely spontaneous remission, and it has a potential to turn into malignant tumor. It is hypothesized that due to an antigen-specific mechanism, auto-cytotoxic T-cells infiltrates the affected region. T-lymphocytes induces apoptosis in the keratinocytes of the basal epithelium. Since etiology is unknown, there is no cure for lichen. The symptomatic treatment has been focused on reducing the subjective discomfort and to maintain or improve the quality of life. The main course of therapy are topical retinoids, locally given steroids, but immunosuppressive therapies have been also tried. Data about exact etiology, diagnostical criteria and effective treatment are still limited. Therefore, besides the early detection of the disease, symptomatic treatment, and the close observation of dysplastic lesions is recommended.

[Comparison of autologous bone graft remodeling from different donor sites in the jaws using cone beam computed tomography]. / Állcsontdefektusok augmentációjához használt autológ csontok átépülésének vizsgálata Cone Beam CT-vel.

With the spread of endosteal implants bone grafting has become frequently used procedure in the area of the jaws, primarily for the augmentation of the alveolar process and the sinus maxillaris. Although various assortments of bone replacement materials are available nowadays, autologous bone graft still remains the 'gold standard'. Autologous bone depending on the required quantity for the procedure can be harvested from intra- or extraoral sources. The properties and quality of bone grafts depend on the structure (cortical or/and spongious), the embryological origin (endochondral or membranous) and the donor site (extra- or intraoral). The pros and cons of different donor sites are being researched and evaluated upon, as only the correct technique of bone harvesting can guarantee the success of the the surgical procedure. In the Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology at Semmelweis University, 12 patients participated in the research study, the bone replacement surgeries were performed with autologous bone because of an extended bony defect. The patients were classified by the donor sites. By the examination of autologous bone grafts remodeling, the lowest density change has been measured in the tibia grafts and the lowest extent change was in the calvaria grafts. Pathological absorption was not seen in any of the cases, which concludes that all of the grafts can be used if correct surgical technique is followed.

[Dentigerous cyst associated with a wisdom tooth in the maxillary sinus. Case reports, review of the literature]. / Arcüreg felé attöro, follikuláris cisztával körülvett bölcsességfogak. Esetismertetés, irodalmi attekintés.

Wisdom teeth are often impacted or in an ectopic position. One rather special localisation is the maxillary sinus. Usually these teeth are associated with dentigerous cysts, which can occupy the maxillary sinus partially or totally and can be the cause of various symptoms. We can find it at routine radiographic examination or the patient could have typical, sinus-related symptoms. This signs can be swelling, pain of the cheek, headeache and nasolacrimal obstruction. We report four cases (one of them detailed) with review of the literature where the upper wisdom tooth is situated in the maxillary sinus.