Uneven distribution of stressful working conditions among Japanese nurses: a secondary analysis of nurses with and without children.

Supportive measures for employees raising children may have increased workloads on other nurses, causing psychological stress. This study aimed to clarify the differences in working conditions and psychological status among female Japanese nurses based on child-rearing attributes. We used data from 1,600 female nurses at 10 Japanese hospitals collected by the study of the Work Environment for Hospital Nurses in Japan conducted in 2016. The variables included work conditions (number of night shifts per month, daily overtime, number of paid holidays per year, and social support received), psychological status (sense of coherence, emotional exhaustion, and work engagement), and sociodemographic characteristics. An analysis of covariance was performed on the differences between the three groups (without children, with preschool-age children, and with children of other ages groups). The group without children had a relatively higher workload (p<0.01) and lower social support (p<0.01 and p<0.05). Additionally, they had higher emotional exhaustion and lower work engagement (p<0.01). This study confirmed the uneven distribution of work environment by work-life balance measures.

A Longitudinal Study of the Impact of Personal and Professional Resources on Nurses' Work Engagement: A Comparison of Early-Career and Mid-Later-Career Nurses.

To predict and ensure a healthy and high-performing nursing workforce, it is necessary to identify the antecedents that promote work engagement, especially among early-career nurses. To date no study has focused on this. This longitudinal survey, administered to 1204 nurses working in seven general hospitals with 200 or more beds in four prefectures in Japan at two different times in 2019, aims to examine the causal relationship between the personal and professional resources for nurses to work vigorously (PPR-N) and work engagement among nurses in the early stages of their careers, considering time as a key mediating factor. The analysis of structural equation modeling using the cross-lagged effect model supported that PPR-N had significant and positive effects on work engagement after 3 months among early-career nurses with less than 10 years of nursing experience. The PPR-N is a reliable antecedent of work engagement, which is typical of early-career nurses. These results may be provided guidance for managers in overseeing the work environment to ensure a thriving sustainable nursing workforce.

Predicting tenofovir concentration on the basis of renal factors determined by routine tests.

Although it has not caused overt renal damage in clinical trials, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) has been associated with renal dysfunction in isolated cases. The objective of this study was to assess the TDF concentration with use of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level. Serum creatinine (used to calculate GFR), BUN, and plasma TDF trough values were measured in 51 patient volunteers at pretreatment and post-treatment time points. The post-treatment GFR (post_GFR) and the difference between the pretreatment and post-treatment BUN levels (dif_BUN) were strongly related to TDF concentration. A piecewise multiple regression technique was applied to the nonlinear TDF distribution, revealing a significant association of the post_GFR and dif_BUN values with TDF concentration (P=0.002 and P= 0.003, respectively). Post_GFR values below 125 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and/or dif_BUN values below -3 mg/dL are predicted to cause a marked increase in the TDF concentration. The relationship between TDF and BUN is a new finding. Knowledge of the pretreatment and post-treatment serum creatinine and BUN levels is important for the safe clinical administration of TDF.