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Background and Objective: Yogic breathing helps in reduction of stress and strain in the body. Right and left nostril breathings (RNB and LNB, respectively) have different effects on cardiorespiratory parameters. The study was performed to examine the effect of RNB exercise on cardiorespiratory parameters and reaction time in young, healthy human volunteers. Materials and Methods: In this prospective, interventional study, 110 young healthy volunteers underwent systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse rate (PR), respiratory rate (RR), vital capacity (VC), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and reaction time (RT) examination before and after 2 weeks of performing 45 min of RNB exercise daily. Results: There was notable increment in SBP (113.39 ± 17.72 vs. 117.74 ± 10.83 mmHg, P = 0.002) and DBP (67.64 ± 10.32 vs. 71.27 ± 8.68 mmHg, P = 0.002). PR increased nonsignificantly (86.44 ± 12.65/min vs. 87.32 ± 13.43/min, P = 0.476). Significant decrease in RR (14.40 ± 2.48/min vs. 12.31 ± 2.23/min, P < 0.0001) was observed. VC (3.57 ± 0.57 vs. 3.82 ± 0.55 L/min, P < 0.0001) and PEFR (441.36 ± 50.22 vs. 468.91 ± 53.66 L/min, P < 0.0001) also increased significantly. Substantial reduction in auditory reaction time (ART) (165.58 ± 32.18 vs. 147.42 ± 23.39 ms, P < 0.0001) and visual reaction time (VRT) (191.04 ± 37.94 vs. 165.86 ± 28.74 ms, P < 0.0001) was seen. After engaging in cardiorespiratory exercise, the maximal heart rate (MHR) remained unchanged (P = 0.929). Conclusion: RNB results in increase in blood pressure, heart rate, VC, and PEFR and decrease in ART and VRT. Further studies in patients with cardiorespiratory diseases are necessary to understand its clinical utility.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pranayama, a yogic breathing practice, produces several physiological responses in healthy individuals. Hypertension is a critical and booming public health challenge all over the world. Yoga is one of the effective methods to reduce blood pressure (BP) and pulse rate (PR). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of left nostril breathing (LNB) exercise on cardiorespiratory parameters and reaction time (RT) in young healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 106 young healthy individuals between 18 and 25 years of age were included. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse rate (PR), respiratory rate (RR), vital capacity (VC), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and reaction time (RT) of volunteers were recorded at baseline (before exercise) and after two weeks of left nostril breathing exercise performed 45 minutes daily. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in SBP (126.64 ± 15.51 mmHg versus 116.29 ± 11.91 mmHg; Cohen's d (effect size): 0.87; p < 0.0001)), DBP (76.57 ± 14.87 mmHg versus 71.07 ± 11.39 mmHg; Cohen's d: 0.48; p < 0.0001), PR (85.32 ± 15.44/minute versus 81.77 ± 13.02/minute; Cohen's d: 0.27; p < 0.0001), and RR (14.26 ± 2.15/minute to 13.17 ± 2.03/minute; Cohen's d: 0.54; p < 0.0001). A significant increase was observed in VC (3.42 ± 0.62 versus 3.67 ± 0.65; Cohen's d: 0.39; p < 0.0001) and PEFR (467.81 ± 46.66 versus 498.29 ± 51.50; Cohen's d: 0.59; p < 0.0001). There was a significant decrement in auditory reaction time (ART) (164.36 ± 27.20 ms versus 143.84 ± 20.32 ms; Cohen's d: 0.85; p < 0.0001) and visual reaction time (VRT) (190.25 ± 31.48 ms versus 163.75 ± 21.72 ms; Cohen's d: 0.98; p < 0.0001). There was no significant change in maximum heart rate (MHR) after cardiorespiratory activity (CRA) (p > 0.434). CONCLUSION: Left nostril breathing is associated with a decrease in cardiovascular parameters and an increase in VC and PEFR. This technique may be useful for putting up a fight against the stress and strain of daily life. This simple exercise may also be a beneficial adjuvant to pharmacological therapy in hypertensive patients.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Herbal compounds have an important place in the management of wounds. However, very few compounds have been tested for their proangiogenic potential. OBJECTIVE: The objective of study was to evaluate angiogenic potential of Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. plant extract. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane model was used for estimation of angiogenic potential of B. vulgaris leaves extract with different concentrations. Angiogenic potential was estimated using focal application method and AbGel™ sponge application method. The test samples were loaded on eight embryonic development day of embryonic development of chick embryo and angiogenesis was observed on eleventh embryonic development day. Counting of blood vessels and photographic evaluation was done for estimation of angiogenic potential. The sponge specimen was examined for histological changes. Angiogenic potential of B. vulgaris leaves extract was compared against Plermin©. RESULTS: All tested concentrations (85 mcg, 170 mcg, 255 mcg, 340 mcg and 425 mcg/disc) of B. vulgaris showed angiogenic potential as indicated by increase in the number of blood vessels. Maximum growth in blood vessels was seen at the concentration of 255 mcg. Photographic evaluation showed changes in angiogenesis with B. vulgaris leaves extract. Angiogenic potential was also confirmed on histological examination. Plermin control groups also showed the growth of blood vessels measured by counting the number of blood vessels in photographic evaluation. The growth of blood vessels with Plermin 40 mcg was similar to B. vulgaris 255 mcg. CONCLUSION: The results of current study suggest angiogenic potential of B. vulgaris Schrad leaves as confirmed by visual observation and histological examination.