Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering-Based Therapeutic Interventions: Promising Strategies to Improve Peripheral Nerve Regeneration.

Unlike the central nervous system, the peripheral one has the ability to regenerate itself after injury; however, this natural regeneration process is not always successful. In fact, even with some treatments, the prognosis is poor, and patients consequently suffer with the functional loss caused by injured nerves, generating several impacts on their quality of life. In the present review we aimed to address two strategies that may considerably potentiate peripheral nerve regeneration: stem cells and tissue engineering. In vitro studies have shown that pluripotent cells associated with neural scaffolds elaborated by tissue engineering can increase functional recovery, revascularization, remyelination, neurotrophin expression and reduce muscle atrophy. Although these results are very promising, it is important to note that there are some barriers to be circumvented: the host's immune response, the oncogenic properties attributed to stem cells and the duration of the pro-regenerative effects. After all, more studies are still needed to overcome the limitations of these treatments; those that address techniques for manipulating the lesion microenvironment combining different therapies seem to be the most promising and proactive ones.

Exploitation of Marine-Derived Robust Biological Molecules to Manage Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Naturally occurring biological entities with extractable and tunable structural and functional characteristics, along with therapeutic attributes, are of supreme interest for strengthening the twenty-first-century biomedical settings. Irrespective of ongoing technological and clinical advancement, traditional medicinal practices to address and manage inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are inefficient and the effect of the administered therapeutic cues is limited. The reasonable immune response or invasion should also be circumvented for successful clinical translation of engineered cues as highly efficient and robust bioactive entities. In this context, research is underway worldwide, and researchers have redirected or regained their interests in valorizing the naturally occurring biological entities/resources, for example, algal biome so-called "treasure of untouched or underexploited sources". Algal biome from the marine environment is an immense source of excellence that has also been demonstrated as a source of bioactive compounds with unique chemical, structural, and functional features. Moreover, the molecular modeling and synthesis of new drugs based on marine-derived therapeutic and biological cues can show greater efficacy and specificity for the therapeutics. Herein, an effort has been made to cover the existing literature gap on the exploitation of naturally occurring biological entities/resources to address and efficiently manage IBD. Following a brief background study, a focus was given to design characteristics, performance evaluation of engineered cues, and point-of-care IBD therapeutics of diverse bioactive compounds from the algal biome. Noteworthy potentialities of marine-derived biologically active compounds have also been spotlighted to underlying the impact role of bio-active elements with the related pathways. The current review is also focused on the applied standpoint and clinical translation of marine-derived bioactive compounds. Furthermore, a detailed overview of clinical applications and future perspectives are also given in this review.

Marine-Derived Biologically Active Compounds for the Potential Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease with a prevalence rate of up to 1% and is significantly considered a common worldwide public health concern. Commercially, several traditional formulations are available to treat RA to some extent. However, these synthetic compounds exert toxicity and considerable side effects even at lower therapeutic concentrations. Considering the above-mentioned critiques, research is underway around the world in finding and exploiting potential alternatives. For instance, marine-derived biologically active compounds have gained much interest and are thus being extensively utilized to confront the confines of in practice counterparts, which have become ineffective for 21st-century medical settings. The utilization of naturally available bioactive compounds and their derivatives can minimize these synthetic compounds' problems to treat RA. Several marine-derived compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and can be effectively used for therapeutic purposes against RA. The results of several studies ensured that the extraction of biologically active compounds from marine sources could provide a new and safe source for drug development against RA. Finally, current challenges, gaps, and future perspectives have been included in this review.

Psicologia Escolar no cenário da pandemia da COVID-19: ressignificando tempos e espaços para a atuação institucional / School Psychology in the COVID-19 pandemic scenario: resignifying times and spaces for institutional action

A disseminação da Coronavirus Disease 2019 foi classificada como pandemia em março de 2020, desencadeando uma grave crise. São inúmeros os fenômenos advindos desse momento inédito na história recente, diante dos quais a Psicologia Escolar tem muito a contribuir como área de produção científica, pesquisa e intervenção. Este artigo teórico teve como objetivo apresentar reflexões críticas sobre ações, reações e prospecções da área na pandemia. Foram apresentados levantamentos da literatura nacional e internacional no período e contribuições teóricas e reflexivas para a atuação em Psicologia Escolar destacando temas como: inclusão escolar, atuação institucional e formação continuada. As conclusões evidenciaram que, embora a pandemia da Coronavirus Disease 2019 tenha criado desafios ao psicólogo escolar, houve inúmeras transformações e avanços, como o fortalecimento das pessoas que permaneceram, corajosamente, trabalhando, ensinando e aprendendo. Os temas discutidos forneceram indicadores potentes de resistência na perspectiva de uma cultura do sucesso escolar para além do período pandêmico.

The spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 triggered a serious crisis and was classified as a pandemic in March 2020. Countless phenomena arose from this unprecedented event in recent history. In this connection, School Psychology has much to contribute as an area of scientific production, research and intervention. This theoretical article aimed to present critical reflections on actions, reactions and investigations in the area during the pandemic. Surveys of national and international literature in the period and theoretical and reflective contributions to the work in School Psychology were presented, highlighting topics such as: school inclusion, institutional work and continuing education. The conclusions showed that, although the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic has created challenges for the school psychologist, a number transformations and advances have occurred such as the strengthening of the spirit of people who courageously remained working, teaching and learning. The topics discussed provided powerful indicators of resistance from the perspective of a school success culture extending beyond the pandemic period.