RESUMEN
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are clusters of silver atoms with diameters that range from 1 to 100 nm. Due to the various shapes and large surface areas, AgNPs have been employed in the food and textile industries and medical fields. Therefore, because of the widespread use of these compounds, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of AgNP exposure on the gene and protein expression levels of Neuroglobin (Ngb) and Cytoglobin (Cygb), in the rat cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. Post-natal day (PND) 21 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. One group received 15 µg/kg body weight of AgNP by gavage another group received 30 µg/kg and the control group that received saline, from PND23 to PND58. On PND102 the animals were euthanized and the cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum were isolated and evaluated for gene and protein expression levels of Nbg and Cygb. The results demonstrated that the 30 µg/kg AgNP group displayed increased gene and protein expression of Cygb in the cortex. In the Hippocampus, AgNP exposure did not modulate gene or protein expression levels of Ngb and Cygb. In cerebellum the Ngb gene and protein expression was increased with both doses of AgNP. AgNP exposure during prepubescence can modulate the gene and protein expression levels of Ngb and Cygb in adulthood. Furthermore, the observed modulation was specific to the cerebellum, and cortex, and was dose dependent.
Asunto(s)
Citoglobina/metabolismo , Nanopartículas del Metal/toxicidad , Neuroglobina/metabolismo , Plata/toxicidad , Animales , Cerebelo/efectos de los fármacos , Cerebelo/metabolismo , Corteza Cerebral/efectos de los fármacos , Corteza Cerebral/metabolismo , Globinas/efectos de los fármacos , Globinas/genética , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Masculino , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure on Neuroglobin (Ngb) and Cytoglobin (Cygb) as well as oxidative stress gene expression in the cerebellum, hippocampus, hypothalamus and cortex. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: Control and two groups receiving 2 different daily BPA dosages, 5 or 25 mg/kg from postnatal day 50 (PND50) through PND90 and they were euthanized at PND105. In the cortex, we found an increase in Ngb gene expression and also in superoxide dismutase 1 and Catalase (Cat). In the cerebellum, we found an increase in Ngb and Cat, in the hypothalamus, there was a decrease in Cygb and an increase in glutathione peroxidase and Cat and in hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (Hif1α) at the low dosage and a decrease in Hif1α at the high BPA dosage. Finally, in the hippocampus, we observed a decrease in Ngb and Cygb and an increase in Hif1α. In summary, BPA promotes the modulation of both Ngb and Cygb, but such changes occur by different mechanisms depending on the exposure dose and anatomical area.
Asunto(s)
Compuestos de Bencidrilo/administración & dosificación , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Globinas/genética , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/genética , Fenoles/administración & dosificación , Animales , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Citoglobina , Globinas/metabolismo , Masculino , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo , Neuroglobina , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/genética , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
The side stream cigarette smoke (SSCS) is a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of cigarette smoking-induced toxicity. Hemoglobin (Hb), myoglobin (Mb), neuroglobin (Ngb), and cytoglobin (Cygb) are globins with different distributions and functions in the tissues and have similar actions by providing O2 (oxygen) for respiratory chain, detoxification of ROS and nitric oxide (NO), and protect tissues against irreversible lesions. We aimed to investigate the effects of SSCS exposure on gene and protein expression of Ngb, Cygb, and Mb in different tissue. The Ngb and Cygb gene and protein expression in the cerebral cortex increased after 1 week of rat exposure to SSCS. In hippocampus, the Ngb gene and protein expression increased after 1 week or more of exposure and no change was observed in Cygb gene and protein expression. In myocardium, Mb and Cygb gene expression increased at 1 and 4 weeks of exposure, while protein expression of both increased at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. In lung, observed an increase in Cygb gene and protein expression after 2, 3, and 4 weeks of exposure. The findings suggest that SSCS modulates Ngb, Cygb, and Mb in central and peripheral tissue © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1252-1261, 2017.
Asunto(s)
Corteza Cerebral/metabolismo , Globinas/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Pulmón/metabolismo , Miocardio/metabolismo , Fumar , Animales , Citoglobina , Globinas/genética , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Masculino , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/genética , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo , Neuroglobina , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential and crucial for brain development, playing a role in growth and differentiation. Two globins named neuroglobin (Ngb) and cytoglobin (Cygb) are located in the brain, and each one has different distribution and function: They seem to have similar action by providing O(2) for respiratory chain, and detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) protecting tissues against irreversible lesions. We aimed to investigate the influence of thyroid state in Ngb and Cygb metabolism in different brain regions and evaluate their responses in cerebellum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex (hereafter called as cortex) after supraphysiological doses at different time points of TH administration. Experiments were carried out in rats, divided in eight experimental groups Control (C), thyroidectomy (Tx), and thyroidectomy treated with jugular intravenous injection (i.v). T3 (100 µl/100 g) injection and sacrificed after 30, 60, 120 min and 6, 12 and 24 h. In cortex, we found increase in Ngb gene and protein expression in different time points compared to C group, however Cygb gene and protein expression were decreased. In hippocampus, Ngb and Cygb protein expression increased 24 h after i.v. T3 injection in comparison to Tx. In cerebellum, we found increased Ngb gene expression after 120 min, 6, 12 and 24 h after T3 administration compared to Tx, and in contrast, protein expression was found to be significantly increased only 12 and 24 h compared to Tx. Ngb and Cygb expression in brain is influenced by thyroid hormone state both by its lack or excess.
Asunto(s)
Química Encefálica/fisiología , Globinas/biosíntesis , Globinas/genética , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/biosíntesis , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/genética , Hormonas Tiroideas/fisiología , Animales , Química Encefálica/efectos de los fármacos , Cerebelo/metabolismo , Corteza Cerebral/metabolismo , Citoglobina , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Masculino , Neuroglobina , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Hormonas Tiroideas/sangre , Hormonas Tiroideas/farmacología , Tiroidectomía , Triyodotironina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Thyroid hormones (THs) are crucial in bodily functions, while iron is essential for processes like oxygen transport. Specialized proteins maintain iron balance, including ferritin, transferrin, ferroportin, and hepcidin. Research suggests that THs can influence iron homeostasis by affecting mRNA and protein expression, such as ferritin and transferrin. Our study focused on male rats to assess mRNA expression of iron homeostasis-related proteins and metabolomics in thyroid dysfunction. We found altered gene expression across various tissues (liver, duodenum, spleen, and kidney) and identified disrupted metabolite patterns in thyroid dysfunction. These findings highlight tissue-specific effects of thyroid dysfunction on essential iron homeostasis proteins and provide insights into associated metabolic changes. Our research contributes to understanding the intricate interplay between thyroid hormones and iron balance. By unveiling tissue-specific gene expression alterations and metabolic disruptions caused by thyroid dysfunction, our work lays a foundation for future investigations to explore underlying mechanisms and develop targeted strategies for managing iron-related complications in thyroid disorders.
Asunto(s)
Hierro , Enfermedades de la Tiroides , Ratas , Masculino , Animales , Ferritinas/genética , Ferritinas/metabolismo , Transferrina/metabolismo , Homeostasis , Enfermedades de la Tiroides/genética , Expresión Génica , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Hormonas TiroideasRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The potential benefits of treating subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) are unclear and still controversial. Thus, we surgically induced SCH in rats and evaluated the effects of thyroxine (T4) replacement on the gene expression levels of deiodinases and thyroid hormone (TH) transporters in different tissues. METHODS: SCH was induced by hemithyroid electrocauterization. The control animals underwent the same surgical procedure but were not subjected to electrocauterization (sham). After 14 days, half of the SCH animals were treated with T4 (SCH + T4). At the end of the experimental protocol, all of the rats were euthanized, serum hormone concentrations were measured, and RNA analyses were performed on different tissues and organs. RESULTS: Consistent with previous studies, we observed increased TSH levels, normal TH levels, and reduced hypothalamic TRH expression in the SCH group. Additionally, Dio2 mRNA expression was downregulated in the hippocampus and pituitary, and Dio1 was upregulated in the kidney and pituitary of the SCH animals. The changes in Dio3 expression were tissue-specific. Concerning TH transporters, Mct10 expression was upregulated in the pituitary, kidney, hypothalamus, and hippocampus, and Mct8 expression was downregulated in the kidney of the SCH group. Crym expression was upregulated in the kidney and pituitary. Notably, T4 replacement significantly attenuated serum TSH levels and reverted Dio1, Dio2, Mct10, and Crym expression in the pituitary, hippocampus, and kidney to levels that were similar to the sham group. Tissue-specific responses were also observed in the liver and hypothalamus. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that treatment of SCH should be considered before the appearance of clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism.
Asunto(s)
Hipotiroidismo/tratamiento farmacológico , Yoduro Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión a Tiroxina/metabolismo , Tiroxina/uso terapéutico , Animales , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Hipotálamo/fisiología , Hipotiroidismo/etiología , Yoduro Peroxidasa/genética , Masculino , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas , Proteínas de Unión a Tiroxina/genética , Cristalinas muRESUMEN
In response to the rapid development of genetically engineered glyphosate-tolerant crops, the use of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs), in agriculture, has increased substantially. Currently, it is estimated that 747 million kg of GBHs are applied per year. Although several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that there are health risks associated with GBH exposure, the effects these chemicals have on the oxidative and inflammatory response in the brain are still unclear. In fact, alterations in these processes could contribute to the development of neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and autism spectrum disorders. The present study exposed pregnant rats to GBH and evaluated changes in the expression of genes related to oxidnte defense and inflammation response and monitored the serum metabolome in the adult male offspring. Pregnant Wistar rats were administered distilled water or Roundup®, at either 5 and 50â¯mg/kg/day, (p.o.) from gestational day (GD) 18 to postnatal day (PND) 5. There was a significant increase in the gene expression levels of Neuroglobin (Ngb - oxygen storage and tissue protection) (105%, pâ¯=â¯0.031), Glutathione Peroxidase 1 (Gpx1 - oxidative stress) (95%, pâ¯=â¯0.005), Prostaglandin-Endoperoxidase Synthase 1 (Ptgs1 - inflammation) (109%, pâ¯=â¯0.033) and Hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (Hif1α - oxygen sensor) (73%, pâ¯=â¯0.017), in the cerebellum of PND90 rats perinatally exposed to 50â¯mg GBH/kg/day. Moreover, both GBH-exposed groups displayed a significant decrease in the expression of Catalase (Cat - oxidative stress) (49%, pâ¯=â¯0.003; and 31% pâ¯=â¯0.050, respectively) expression, in the cortex. Serum metabolites analyses, from the same animals of each group, demonstrated that there were significant changes in the concentrations of lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine, which have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases. The results of the present study suggest GBH exposure during pregnancy alters the expression of genes associated with oxidant defense, inflammation and lipid metabolism. It is plausible that maternal GBH exposure could have lasting neuronal effects on the offspring later in life.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Química Encefálica/efectos de los fármacos , Química Encefálica/genética , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Herbicidas/toxicidad , Exposición Materna/efectos adversos , Animales , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Redes Reguladoras de Genes/efectos de los fármacos , Edad Gestacional , Glicina/toxicidad , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/genética , Inflamación/patología , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/genética , Masculino , Metaboloma/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Embarazo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/genética , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , GlifosatoRESUMEN
Thyroidectomy is a surgical procedure indicated in cases of several maligned or benign thyroid diseases, thus, the aim of our study was to verify how the hypothyroidism induced by thyroidectomy influences behavioral parameters and its relation to thyroid hormones metabolism and neurogenesis at hippocampus. For this purpose, Adult male Wistar rats underwent to thyroidectomy to induce hypothyroidism. Behavioral tests, the thyroid profile and hippocampal gene expression were evaluated in control and in thyroidectomized animals. It was observed that thyroidectomized group had a significant increasing in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and a decreasing in thyroxine (T4) levels as well as in triiodothyronine (T3) serum level. It was also observed reduction of the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (Mct8), thyroid hormone receptor alfa (Trα1), deiodinase type 2 (Dio2), ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 (Enpp2) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) mRNA expression in hippocampus of thyroidectomized animals. In the forced swimming test, it was verified that thyroidectomy promotes a decrease in time of immobility and climbing when compared with the control group. In summary, we demonstrated that antidepressant behavior in thyroidectomized Wistar rats is induced by hippocampal hypothyroidism. This effect could be associated to an impaired neuronal activity in acute stress response as it is observed in forced swimming paradigm.