Do complications in hip arthroscopy change with experience?

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the type and incidence of complications during the development of hip arthroscopic techniques. METHODS: A retrospective series of 194 files of patients treated with hip arthroscopy in a tertiary hospital from December 1999 to March 2008 was reviewed for complications. The incidence of complications was recorded consecutively for each group of 30 patients and in intervals of 2 years. A comparison between the complication rates was performed within the time frames and the set of cases. The type and severity of complications were also recorded. RESULTS: There were 12 complications (6.1%) in this series. Of these, 5 were neurologic (2.6%), 4 were musculoskeletal (2%), and 3 were vascular/ischemic (1.5%). According to severity, 2 were considered major complications (1%), 8 were intermediate (4.1%), and 2 were minor (1%). The incidence of complications did not change with time (P = .959) or with the number of cases performed (P = .771), but different types of complications occurred along the learning curve. CONCLUSIONS: The nature of complications changed with experience, but no significant variation in the incidence was observed over the 9-year period of experience with hip arthroscopy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic case series.

Supra-acetabular fixation and sacroiliac screws for treating unstable pelvic ring injuries: preliminary results from 20 patients.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the treatment results from 20 patients who underwent an alternative osteosynthesis method as definitive treatment for pelvic ring fractures. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a series of 20 patients with pelvic ring fractures (Tile type C) and a high risk of postoperative infection, who were treated at Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo between August 2004 and December 2012. The patients underwent percutaneous supra-acetabular external fixation in association with cannulated 7.0 mm iliosacral screws. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 40 years (range 22-77 years) and the mean length of follow-up was 18.5 months (range 3-69 months). At the end of the treatment, ten patients (50%) were classified as having good results, nine patients (45%) had fair results and one patient (5%) did not have any improvement. Six patients presented complications, and paresthesia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve was the most frequent of these (two patients). CONCLUSION: Supra-acetabular external fixation in association with iliosacral percutaneous osteosynthesis is a good definitive treatment method for patients with a high risk of postoperative infection.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados do tratamento de 20 pacientes que usaram como tratamento definitivo um método de osteossíntese opcional para fraturas do anel pélvico. MÉTODOS: Foi feita uma análise retrospectiva da série de 20 casos de pacientes com fratura do anel pélvico tipo C de Tile, portadores de alto risco de infecção pós-operatória, tratados na Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo entre agosto de 2004 e dezembro de 2012, submetidos a fixação externa supra-acetabular percutânea associada com parafusos canulados iliossacrais de 70 mm. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 40 anos (mínimo de 22; máximo de 77) e o tempo médio de seguimento foi de 18,5 meses (mínimo de três; máximo de 69). Após o término do tratamento dez pacientes (50%) foram classificados com bons resultados, nove (45%) tiveram desfecho regular e um (5%) não apresentou melhoria alguma. Seis apresentaram complicações. A parestesia do nervo cutâneo femoral lateral foi a mais frequente (dois pacientes). CONCLUSÃO: A fixação externa supra-acetabular associada a osteossíntese percutânea iliossacral é um bom método de tratamento definitivo para os pacientes com alto risco de infecção pós-operatória.

Epidemiology of fractures of the proximal third of the femur in elderly patients.

OBJECTIVE: This was an epidemiological study on fractures of the proximal third of the femur in elderly patients who were treated at a teaching hospital in the central region of São Paulo. METHODS: The subjects were patients over the age of 60 years who were attended over a 1-year period. A questionnaire seeking basic sociodemographic data and information on comorbidities presented and medications used was drawn up. The circumstances of the fractures and their characteristics, the treatment instituted and the intra-hospital mortality rate were evaluated. RESULTS: The 113 patients included in the study presented a mean age of 79 years. The ratio between the sexes was three women to each man. Only 30.4% of the patients reported having osteoporosis and only 0.9% had had treatment for the disease. Low-energy trauma was the cause of 92.9% of the fractures. Femoral neck fractures accounted for 42.5% of the fractures and trochanteric fractures, 57.5%. Five patients did not undergo operations; 39 underwent joint replacement; and 69 underwent osteosynthesis. The mean length of hospital stay was 13.5 days and the mean length of waiting time until surgery was 7 days. The intra-hospital mortality rate was 7.1%. CONCLUSION: The patients attended at this institution presented an epidemiological profile similar to what is found in the Brazilian literature. Chronic kidney failure is a significant factor with regard to intra-hospital mortality. Preventive measures such as early diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis and regular physical activity practices were not implemented.

OBJETIVO: Estudo epidemiológico das fraturas do terço proximal do fêmur em pacientes idosos, tratados em hospital-escola na região central de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Pacientes a partir 60 anos atendidos no período de um ano. Questionário foi elaborado com informações sociodemográficas básicas, comorbidades apresentadas e medicações em uso. Foram avaliadas circunstâncias da fratura e suas características, tratamento instituído e taxa de mortalidade intra-hospitalar. RESULTADOS: Os 113 pacientes incluídos no estudo apresentavam 79 anos em média. A proporção entre os sexos foi de três mulheres para cada homem. Somente 30.4% dos pacientes relataram osteoporose e somente 0.9% tratavam a doença. Trauma de baixa energia foi a causa de 92,9% das fraturas. Fraturas do colo do fêmur representaram 42,5% das fraturas e trocantéricas 57,5%. Cinco pacientes não foram operados, 39 foram submetidos a substituição articular e 69 foram submetidos a osteossíntese. O tempo médio de internação foi de 13,5 dias e de espera até a cirurgia sete dias. A taxa de mortalidade intra-hospitalar foi de 7,1%. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes atendidos na instituição apresentam perfil epidemiológico semelhante àqueles encontrados em literatura nacional. Insuficiência renal crônica é um fator significativo para mortalidade intra-hospitalar. Medidas preventivas como diagnóstico precoce e tratamento da osteoporose e prática regular de atividades físicas não são adotadas.

Anatomical variation of piriformis muscle as a cause of deep gluteal pain: diagnosis using MR neurography and treatment.

Female patient, 42 years old with a history of low back pain on the left for seventeen years in which the definitive diagnosis of the etiology of pain was evident after the completion of neurography magnetic resonance imaging of the sciatic nerve. In this test it was identified the presence of an anatomical variation in the relationship between the piriformis muscle and sciatic nerve. We discuss details of this imaging technique and its importance in the frames of refractory low back pain. We also describe the treatment given to the case.

There have been changes in the incidence and epidemiology of pelvic ring fractures in recent decades?

The pelvic ring fractures comprise 2-8% of all skeletal injuries. As the incidence rises to 25% in polytrauma and represents a negative prognostic factor with regard to morbidity and mortality of patients, we sought with this work to establish the profile of these, compared to an alteration in the profile of patients with pelvic ring fractures in recent decades. To this end, we evaluated the epidemiological profile, mechanism of injury and types of fractures. By reviewing the literature indexed in the databases related to the theme, 20 papers were selected that contained the requirements for the study. For the period between January 1987 and December 1999 (first decade), and another period in January 2000 and December 2010 (second decade), data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. The ratings Tile, Young and Burgess AO were adequate to permit their categorization. The research in each decade was homogeneous. At first the lesions were more prevalent in men with 62.5% with a tendency to reverse this pattern given the increase of women in the second decade (p = 0.286). The average age in the first decade was 39.3 years, an increase in the second (p = 0.068). The most prevalent mechanisms of trauma were related to traffic in both periods as well as fractures classified as type A (p = 0.203 and p = 0.457, respectively), having mortality rates decreased (p = 0.396). We conclude that there was a tendency to increase in the average age of patients (p = 0.068); however the increasing involvement of women (p = 0.286) and decreased mortality (p = 0.396) were not significant.

As fraturas do anel pélvico compõem de 2% a 8% de todas as lesões do esqueleto, incidência que sobe para 25% nos politraumatizados e representa fator prognóstico negativo no que diz respeito à morbidade e à mortalidade. Buscou-se com este trabalho estabelecer se houve mudança do perfil desses pacientes nas últimas décadas e por que ela ocorreu. Para tanto, avaliaram-se epidemiologia, mecanismo de trauma e tipos de fratura, por revisão bibliográfica nas bases de dados indexadas relacionadas ao tema, selecionados 20 trabalhos que continham os requisitos para o estudo. O período entre janeiro de 1987 e dezembro de 1999 (primeira década) e outro de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2010 (segunda década) foram analisados e comparados estatisticamente pelo Teste de Mann­Whitney. As classificações de Tile, Young Burgess e AO foram adequadas para permitir sua categorização. As pesquisas em cada uma das décadas foram homogêneas. Na primeira, as lesões foram mais prevalentes em homens, com 62,5%, com tendência a inversão desse padrão, dado o aumento de mulheres acometidas na segunda década (p = 0,286). A média de idade na primeira década era de 39,3 anos e revelou um aumento na segunda (p = 0,068). Os mecanismos de trauma mais prevalentes foram aqueles relacionados ao tráfego nos períodos, assim como as fraturas classificadas como do tipo A (p = 0,203 e p = 0,457, respectivamente). Os índices de mortalidade diminuíram (p = 0,396). Conclui-se que houve tendência ao aumento na média de idade dos pacientes (p = 0,068). Já o crescente acometimento das mulheres (p = 0,286) e a diminuição da mortalidade (p = 0,396) não foram significantes.

Comprehension and reproducibility of the Judet and Letournel classification.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the method of radiographic interpretation of acetabular fractures, according to the classification of Judet and Letournel, used by a group of residents of Orthopedics at a university hospital. METHODS: We selected ten orthopedic residents, who were divided into two groups; one group received training in a methodology for the classification of acetabular fractures, which involves transposing the radiographic images to a graphic two-dimensional representation. We classified fifty cases of acetabular fracture on two separate occasions, and determined the intraobserver and interobserver agreement. RESULT: The success rate was 16.2% (10-26%) for the trained group and 22.8% (10-36%) for the untrained group. The mean kappa coefficients for interobserver and intraobserver agreement in the trained group were 0.08 and 0.12, respectively, and for the untrained group, 0.14 and 0.29. CONCLUSION: Training in the method of radiographic interpretation of acetabular fractures was not effective for assisting in the classification of acetabular fractures. Level of evidence I, Testing of previously developed diagnostic criteria on consecutive patients (with universally applied reference "gold" standard).

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT) into Portuguese.

OBJECTIVE: iHOT12/33 is an outcome tool designed for young patients with hip problems. The objective of this study is to translate and establish a cross-cultural adaptation of this questionnaire to Portuguese. METHOD: The Guillemin guidelines were followed for the translation and cross-cultural adaptation consisting on: translation, back-translation, prefinal version, administration of the Questionnaire, and editing of the final version. RESULTS: The prefinal version was applied to 30 young patients with hip problems. Some difficulties in understanding some of the words and expressions were noted, and these were replaced with simpler ones, achieving the patient's full acceptability in the final version of the Questionnaire. CONCLUSION: The creation of the Brazilian version of the International Hip Outocome Tool (iHOT) 12/33 enables this questionnaire to be used in the evaluation of patients with hip problems in Brazil, and was clearly understood, with good acceptance by the patients tested. Level of evidence II - Development of diagnostic criteria on consecutive patients (with universally applied reference "gold" standard).

Evaluation of the reliability of the modified Merle d'Aubigné and Postel Method.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the inter-evaluator reproducibility of the Modified Merle d'Aubigné and Postel Method. METHOD: Forty-five patients took part in the study, with a mean age of 57.93 (±13.35) who underwent total hip arthroplasty. All were evaluated by three researchers, who received training to standardize their criteria. The evaluation was held by the Modified Merle d'Aubigné and Postel Method (association of prefixes A, B and C) the same day at random, and the researchers did not report to one another throughout the evaluations. For mobility assessment, passive hip movements were performed and measured with the universal goniometer. The statistical analysis was carried out by the Cronbach Test (p≤0.05 and 0.7≤ α<1.0). RESULTS: The statistical analysis showed significantly high inter-evaluators reliability for the items: prefix (p<0.001; α = 0.961), pain (p<0.001; α= 0.892), gait (p<0.001; α= 0.898), mobility (p<0.001; α=0.810) and total score (p<0.001; α=0.917). CONCLUSION: There was high significance and reliability among the three evaluators for all items of the Modified Merle d'Aubigné and Postel Method, suggesting that this method is reliable, provided its items are parameterized and previous training of evaluators is carried out. Level of Evidence II, Diagnostic Study.

SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR FEMOROACETABULAR IMPINGEMENT IN A GROUP THAT PERFORMS SQUATS.

OBJECTIVE: Describe the results from arthroscopic surgical treatment on a group of patients who developed symptoms after repetitive physical activity of moving their hips in a position of hyperflexion, as in leg presses and squats. METHODS: The study group comprised 47 individuals (48 hips) who developed the onset of painful symptoms associated with hip hyperflexion exercises (leg presses or squats) and underwent arthroscopic treatment. The patients were evaluated radiographically and clinically according to the "Harris Hip Score", as modified by Byrd (MHHS), pre and postoperatively, and were asked about their return to sports activities and the surgical findings. RESULTS: The mean preoperative and postoperative MHHS, respectively, were 60 points (SD 11.0, range 38.5 to 92.4) and 95.9 points (SD 7.7, range 63.8 to 100), with an increase of 35.9 points (P < 0.001). Regarding physical activity, 30 individuals (71.5%) resumed sports activities after surgery, and 25 of them (83.4%) at the previous level. Six patients (12.8%) did not resume activities because of persistent pain. During arthroscopy, 48 hips (100%) presented lesions of the acetabular labrum, and 41 hips (85.4%) had acetabular chondral lesions. CONCLUSION: The patients with painful symptoms after hip hyperflexion exercises associated with femoroacetabular impingement presented improvements after arthroscopic treatment.

Supra-acetabular fixation and sacroiliac screws for treating unstable pelvic ring injuries: preliminary results from 20 patients / Tratamento das lesões instáveis do anel pélvico com fixador supra-acetabular e parafusos sacroilíacos: resultados preliminares em 20 pacientes

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the treatment results from 20 patients who underwent an alternative osteosynthesis method as definitive treatment for pelvic ring fractures. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a series of 20 patients with pelvic ring fractures (Tile type C) and a high risk of postoperative infection, who were treated at Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo between August 2004 and December 2012. The patients underwent percutaneous supra-acetabular external fixation in association with cannulated 7.0 mm iliosacral screws. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 40 years (range 22-77 years) and the mean length of follow-up was 18.5 months (range 3-69 months). At the end of the treatment, ten patients (50%) were classified as having good results, nine patients (45%) had fair results and one patient (5%) did not have any improvement. Six patients presented complications, and paresthesia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve was the most frequent of these (two patients). CONCLUSION: Supra-acetabular external fixation in association with iliosacral percutaneous osteosynthesis is a good definitive treatment method for patients with a high risk of postoperative infection.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados do tratamento de 20 pacientes que usaram como tratamento definitivo um método de osteossíntese opcional para fraturas do anel pélvico. MÉTODOS: Foi feita uma análise retrospectiva da série de 20 casos de pacientes com fratura do anel pélvico tipo C de Tile, portadores de alto risco de infecção pós-operatória, tratados na Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo entre agosto de 2004 e dezembro de 2012, submetidos a fixação externa supra-acetabular percutânea associada com parafusos canulados iliossacrais de 70 mm. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 40 anos (mínimo de 22; máximo de 77) e o tempo médio de seguimento foi de 18,5 meses (mínimo de três; máximo de 69). Após o término do tratamento dez pacientes (50%) foram classificados com bons resultados, nove (45%) tiveram desfecho regular e um (5%) não apresentou melhoria alguma. Seis apresentaram complicações. A parestesia do nervo cutâneo femoral lateral foi a mais frequente (dois pacientes). CONCLUSÃO: A fixação externa supra-acetabular associada a osteossíntese percutânea iliossacral é um bom método de tratamento definitivo para os pacientes com alto risco de infecção pós-operatória.

PROPOSAL FOR STANDARDIZATION OF RADIOGRAPHIC STUDIES ON THE HIP AND PELVIS.

Diagnoses of hip and pelvis disorders are based on the detailed medical history, physical examination and laboratory tests, as appropriate for each condition. Plain radiography is still the initial examination of choice and, because of its importance, there is a need to standardize radiographic studies, both in relation to execution and in radiographic series, according to the different pathological conditions. The aim of this paper was to propose standardization for the main radiographic views of the hip and pelvis, and with regard to performing specific series for different pathological conditions, and to provide technical guidance for achieving these aims.

Epidemiologia das fraturas do terço proximal do fêmur em pacientes idosos / Epidemiology of fractures of the proximal third of the femur in elderly patients

Estudo epidemiológico das fraturas do terço proximal do fêmur em pacientes idosos, tratados em hospital-escola na região central de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Pacientes a partir 60 anos atendidos no período de um ano. Questionário foi elaborado com informações sociodemográficas básicas, comorbidades apresentadas e medicações em uso. Foram avaliadas circunstâncias da fratura e suas características, tratamento instituído e taxa de mortalidade intra-hospitalar. RESULTADOS: Os 113 pacientes incluídos no estudo apresentavam 79 anos em média. A proporção entre os sexos foi de três mulheres para cada homem. Somente 30,4% dos pacientes relataram osteoporose e somente 0,9% tratavam a doença. Trauma de baixa energia foi a causa de 92,9% das fraturas. Fraturas do colo do fêmur representaram 42,5% das fraturas e trocantéricas 57,5%. Cinco pacientes não foram operados, 39 foram submetidos a substituição articular e 69 foram submetidos a osteossíntese. O tempo médio de internação foi de 13,5 dias e de espera até a cirurgia sete dias. A taxa de mortalidade intra-hospitalar foi de 7,1%. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes atendidos na instituição apresentam perfil epidemiológico semelhante àqueles encontrados em literatura nacional. Insuficiência renal crônica é um fator significativo para mortalidade intra-hospitalar. Medidas preventivas como diagnóstico precoce e tratamento da osteoporose e prática regular de atividades físicas não são adotadas.

This was an epidemiological study on fractures of the proximal third of the femur in elderly patients who were treated at a teaching hospital in the central region of São Paulo. METHODS: The subjects were patients over the age of 60 years who were attended over a 1-year period. A questionnaire seeking basic sociodemographic data and information on comorbidities presented and medications used was drawn up. The circumstances of the fractures and their characteristics, the treatment instituted and the intra-hospital mortality rate were evaluated. RESULTS: The 113 patients included in the study presented a mean age of 79 years. The ratio between the sexes was three women to each man. Only 30.4% of the patients reported having osteoporosis and only 0.9% had had treatment for the disease. Low-energy trauma was the cause of 92.9% of the fractures. Femoral neck fractures accounted for 42.5% of the fractures and trochanteric fractures, 57.5%. Five patients did not undergo operations; 39 underwent joint replacement; and 69 underwent osteosynthesis. The mean length of hospital stay was 13.5 days and the mean length of waiting time until surgery was 7 days. The intra-hospital mortality rate was 7.1%. CONCLUSION: The patients attended at this institution presented an epidemiological profile similar to what is found in the Brazilian literature. Chronic kidney failure is a significant factor with regard to intra-hospital mortality. Preventive measures such as early diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis and regular physical activity practices were not implemented.

HEMIARTHROPLASTY IN THE TREATMENT FRACTURES OF THE FEMORAL NECK.

OBJECTIVE: To epidemiologically and clinically evaluate patients with displaced femoral neck fractures that were surgically treatment with cemented hip hemiarthroplasty. METHODS: All patients with displaced femoral neck fractures (Garden III and IV) who underwent cemented hip hemiarthroplasty using a unipolar prosthesis (Thompson), by means of a posterolateral access between June 2005 and September 2008 were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: Seventy patients were initially evaluated. Their mean age was 83.1 years. The patients were predominantly female (84.3%). Thirty-six patients were monitored as outpatients for periods ranging from 10 to 48 months (mean of 26.5 months). Fifteen patients were lost to follow-up. Nineteen patients died, and the mortality rate within the first year was 25.4%. Patients classified as ASA III had a mortality rate of 25.7% and ASA II patients, a rate of 12.1%. Two patients had symptomatic deep vein thrombosis; one patient had an operative wound infection; and none of the patients presented hip dislocation. Most of the patients did not experience pain. Twelve patients (33%) showed deterioration of their walking ability. CONCLUSION: There were no cases of hip dislocation. Patients classified as ASA III had a higher mortality rate than did patients with ASA I or II. There was a worsening of walking ability in 33% of the patients. No revision due to loosening or pain was needed for any patient. Thirty patients did not present any pain (83.3%), four presented moderate pain (11.1%) and two presented intense pain (5.5%).

STUDY OF THE TREATMENT OF FEMORAL HEAD FRACTURES.

OBJECTIVE: To establish guidelines for the treatment of femoral head fractures and to determine the best form of access in cases treated surgically. METHODS: We evaluated the clinical and radiological results from 13 patients (13 fractures) treated surgically, between May 1986 and July 1996, at the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Sao Paulo (SCMSP), Fernandinho Simonsen Wing. RESULTS: Out of six cases of Pipkin 1 fractures, five underwent resection of the fragment, resulting in four excellent and one good result. The good result had fixation of the fragment. Three patients presented Pipkin 2 fractures and all of them had fixation of the fragment, resulting in two excellent and one regular result. Two patients had Pipkin 3 fractures and underwent primary arthroplasty. Among the two patients with Pipkin 4 lesions, one was treated with reduction and osteosynthesis of the acetabular fracture, without addressing the head fragment, which had reduced significantly, resulting in early arthrosis; and the other patient was treated with total arthroplasty as the primary treatment. CONCLUSION: Upon comparing the literature review and our patients' treatment results, we concluded that femoral head fracture treatment needs to be surgical and that the choice of surgical access depends on the type of fracture.

Current possibilities for hip arthroplasty / Possibilidades atuais da artroscopia do quadril

Hip arthroscopy has been popularized over the last decade and, with technical advances regarding imaging diagnostics, understanding of the physiopathology or surgical techniques, several applications have been described. Both arthroscopy for intra-articular conditions and endoscopy for extra-articular procedures can be used in diagnosing or treating different conditions. This updated article has the objective of presenting the various current possibilities for hip arthroscopy...

A artroscopia de quadril tem sido popularizada na última década e com o avanço técnico, seja no diagnóstico por imagem, no entendimento da fisiopatologia ou na técnica cirúrgica, diversas aplicações foram descritas. Tanto a artroscopia, para afecções intra-articulares, como a endoscopia, para procedimentos extra-articulares, podem ser usadas no diagnóstico ou no tratamento de diferentes afecções. Este artigo de atualização tem como objetivo apresentar diversas possibilidades atuais da artroscopia de quadril...

ARTHROSCOPIC TREATMENT OF SYNOVIAL OSTEOCHONDROMATOSIS OF THE HIP.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to show the results achieved in the treatment of hip osteochondromatosis by arthroscopy. METHODS: Six patients submitted to hip arthroscopy for synovial osteochondromatosis have been assessed for pre- and postoperative function and pain. The time of preoperative complaint ranged from nine to 48 months, in an average of 28.2 months and the follow-up ranged from eight to 25 months (mean: 17.1 months). Mean age was 45.1 years, with four female patients (66.6%) and the right side affected in five cases (83.3%). RESULTS: Concerning the results according to Byrd-modified Harris' criteria, the mean score evolved from 54.1 to 90.4, and the mean score on the face expressions scale for pain assessment ranged from 1.7 to 5.1. CONCLUSION: arthroscopy is a good alternative for hip osteochondromatosis treatment, although longer follow-up times are required to strictly stating this. The results found so far are encouraging, constituting a littleinvasive procedure allowing good recovery.

Anatomical variation of piriformis muscle as a cause of deep gluteal pain: diagnosis using MR neurography and treatment / Variação anatômica do músculo piriforme como causa de dor glútea profunda: diagnóstico por neurografia RM e seu tratamento

Female patient, 42 years old with a history of low back pain on the left for seventeen years in which the definitive diagnosis of the etiology of pain was evident after the completion of neurography magnetic resonance imaging of the sciatic nerve. In this test it was identified the presence of an anatomical variation in the relationship between the piriformis muscle and sciatic nerve. We discuss details of this imaging technique and its importance in the frames of refractory low back pain. We also describe the treatment given to the case. .

Paciente do sexo feminino, 42 anos, com histórico de lombociatalgia à esquerda havia 17 anos. O diagnóstico definitivo da etiologia da dor só foi evidenciado após a neurografia por ressonância magnética do ciático. Nesse exame identificou-se a presença de variação anatômica entre o músculo piriforme e o nervo ciático. Descrevemos detalhes sobre a técnica de imagem e sua importância nos quadros de lombociatalgia refratária, como também o tratamento instituído para o caso.

There have been changes in the incidence and epidemiology of pelvic ring fractures in recent decades? / Houve mudanças na incidência e na epidemiologia das fraturas do anel pélvico nas últimas décadas?

The pelvic ring fractures comprise 2 -8% of all skeletal injuries. As the incidence rises to 25% in polytrauma and represents a negative prognostic factor with regard to morbidity and mortality of patients, we sought with this work to establish the profile of these, compared to an alteration in the profile of patients with pelvic ring fractures in recent decades. To this end, we evaluated the epidemiological profile, mechanism of injury and types of fractures. By reviewing the literature indexed in the databases related to the theme, 20 papers were selected that contained the requirements for the study. For the period between January 1987 and December 1999 (first decade), and another period in January 2000 and December 2010 (second decade), data were analyzed by Mann -Whitney test. The ratings Tile, Young and Burgess AO were adequate to permit their categorization. The research in each decade was homogeneous. At first the lesions were more prevalent in men with 62.5% with a tendency to reverse this pattern given the increase of women in the second decade (p = 0.286). The average age in the first decade was 39.3 years, an increase in the second (p = 0.068). The most prevalent mechanisms of trauma were related to traffic in both periods as well as fractures classified as type A (p = 0.203 and p = 0.457, respectively), having mortality rates decreased (p = 0.396). We conclude that there was a tendency to increase in the average age of patients (p = 0.068); however the increasing involvement of women (p = 0.286) and decreased mortality (p = 0.396) were not significant.

As fraturas do anel pélvico compõem de 2% a 8% de todas as lesões do esqueleto, incidência que sobe para 25% nos politraumatizados e representa fator prognóstico negativo no que diz respeito à morbidade e à mortalidade. Buscou-se com este trabalho estabelecer se houve mudança do perfil desses pacientes nas últimas décadas e por que ela ocorreu. Para tanto, avaliaram-se epidemiologia, mecanismo de trauma e tipos de fratura, por revisão bibliográfica nas bases de dados indexadas relacionadas ao tema, selecionados 20 trabalhos que continham os requisitos para o estudo. O período entre janeiro de 1987 e dezembro de 1999 (primeira década) e outro de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2010 (segunda década) foram analisados e comparados estatisticamente pelo Teste de Mann-Whitney. As classificações de Tile, Young Burgess e AO foram adequadas para permitir sua categorização. As pesquisas em cada uma das décadas foram homogêneas. Na primeira, as lesões foram mais prevalentes em homens, com 62,5%, com tendência a inversão desse padrão, dado o aumento de mulheres acometidas na segunda década (p = 0,286). A média de idade na primeira década era de 39,3 anos e revelou um aumento na segunda (p = 0,068). Os mecanismos de trauma mais prevalentes foram aqueles relacionados ao tráfego nos períodos, assim como as fraturas classificadas como do tipo A (p = 0,203ep= 0,457, respectivamente). Os índices de mortalidade diminuíram (p = 0,396). Conclui-se que houve tendência ao aumento na média de idade dos pacientes (p = 0,068). Já o crescente acometimento das mulheres (p = 0,286) e a diminuição da mortalidade (p = 0,396) não foram significantes. .

Avaliação da confiabilidade do Método Merle d'Aubigné e Postel Modificado / Evaluation of the reliability of the Modified Merle d·Aubigné and Postel Method

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a confiabilidade inter-avaliadores do Método Merle d'Aubigné e Postel Modificado. MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo 45 pacientes, com média de idade de 57,93(+13,35), submetidos à artroplastia total de quadril. Todos foram avaliados por três pesquisadores, os quais receberam treinamento para uniformizar seus critérios. Realizou-se a avaliação pelo Método Merle d'Aubigné e Postel Modificado (associação dos prefixos A, B e C), no mesmo dia de forma aleatória, e os pesquisadores não se comunicaram durante as avaliações. Para avaliação da mobilidade, foram realizados movimentos passivos do quadril e mensurados pelo goniômetro universal. A análise estatística foi tratada com o Teste de Cronbach (p<0,05 e 0,7<α<1,0). RESULTADOS: Análise estatística demonstrou elevadas significância e confiabilidade inter-avaliadores para os itens: prefixo (p<0,001; α=0,961), dor (p<0,001; α=0,892), marcha (p< 0,001; α=0,898), mobilidade (p<0,001; α=0,810) e pontuação total (p<0,001; α=0,917). CONCLUSÃO: Verificou-se elevada significância e confiabilidade entre os três avaliadores para todos os itens do Método Merle d'Aubigné e Postel Modificado, sugerindo que esse Método é confiável, desde que seja parametrizado seus itens e realizado o treinamento prévio dos avaliadores. Nivel de evidência II, Estudo diagnóstico.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the inter-evaluator reproducibility of the Modified Merle d'Aubigné and Postel Method. METHOD: Forty-five patients took part in the study, with a mean age of57.93 (±13,35) who underwent total hip arthroplasty. All were evaluated by three researchers, who received training to standardize their criteria. The evaluation was held by the Modified Merle d'Aubigné and Postel Method (association of prefixes A, B and C) the same day at random, and the researchers did not report to one another throughout the evaluations. For mobility assessment, passive hip movements were performed and measured with the universal goniometer. The statistical analysis was carried out by the Cronbach Test (p<0,05 and 0,7<α<1,0). RESULTS: The statistical analysis showed significantly high inter-evaluators reliability for the items: prefix (p<0,001; α = 0,961), pain (p <0,001; α= 0,892), gait (p<0,001; α= 0,898), mobility (p<0,001; α=0,810) and total score (p <0,001; α=0,917). CONCLUSION: There was high significance and reliability among the three evaluators for all items of the Modified Merle d'Aubigné and Postel Method, suggesting that this method is reliable, provided its items are parameterized and previous training of evaluators is carried out. Level of Evidence II, Diagnostic Study.

Estudo da reprodutibilidade e compreensão da classificação de Judet e Letournel / Comprehension and reproducibility of the Judet and Letournel classification

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia do método de interpretação radiográfica das fraturas de acetábulo, segundo a classificação de Judet e Letournel, por um grupo de médicos residentes de Ortopedia de um hospital universitário. MÉTODO: Foram selecionados aleatoriamente 10 residentes de ortopedia e divididos em dois grupos, um deles recebeu treinamento de uma metodologia para a classificação de fraturas do acetábulo, que consiste em transpor as imagens radiográficas para uma representação gráfica em duas dimensões. Foram classificados 50 casos de fratura acetábulo em dois momentos distintos e verificada a concordância intra e interobservador. RESULTADO: O índice de acerto médio no grupo treinado foi de 16,2% (10-26%), no grupo não treinado foi de 22,8% (10-36%). O coeficiente kappa médio intraobservador e interobservador do grupo treinado foi respectivamente de 0,08 e 0,12, e o do grupo não treinado foi de 0,14 e 0,29. CONCLUSÃO: O treinamento do método de interpretação radiográfica das fraturas do acetábulo não foi efetivo para auxiliar na classificação das fraturas do acetábulo. Nível de evidência II, Teste de critérios diagnósticos desenvolvimento anteriormente em pacientes consecutivos (com padrão de referência "ouro" aplicado).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the method of radiographic interpretation of acetabular fractures, according to the classification of Judet and Letournel, used by a group of residents of Orthopedics at a university hospital. METHODS: We selected ten orthopedic residents, who were divided into two groups; one group received training in a methodology for the classification of acetabular fractures, which involves transposing the radiographic images to a graphic two-dimensional representation. We classified fifty cases of acetabular fracture on two separate occasions, and determined the intraobserver and interobserver agreement. RESULT: The success rate was 16.2% (10-26%) for the trained group and 22.8% (10-36%) for the untrained group. The mean kappa coefficients for interobserver and intraobserver agreement in the trained group were 0.08 and 0.12, respectively, and for the untrained group, 0.14 and 0.29. CONCLUSION: Training in the method of radiographic interpretation of acetabular fractures was not effective for assisting in the classification of acetabular fractures. Level of evidence I, Testing of previously developed diagnostic criteria on consecutive patients (with universally applied reference "gold" standard).