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1.
Plant Physiol ; 192(4): 2672-2686, 2023 08 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37148300

RESUMEN

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important staple crop for food security in Africa and South America. The present study describes an integrated genomic and metabolomic approach to the characterization of Latin American cassava germplasm. Classification based on genotyping correlated with the leaf metabolome and indicated a key finding of adaption to specific eco-geographical environments. In contrast, the root metabolome did not relate to genotypic clustering, suggesting the different spatial regulation of this tissue's metabolome. The data were used to generate pan-metabolomes for specific tissues, and the inclusion of phenotypic data enabled the identification of metabolic sectors underlying traits of interest. For example, tolerance to whiteflies (Aleurotrachelus socialis) was not linked directly to cyanide content but to cell wall-related phenylpropanoid or apocarotenoid content. Collectively, these data advance the community resources and provide valuable insight into new candidate parental breeding materials with traits of interest directly related to combating food security.


Asunto(s)
Manihot , Manihot/genética , Manihot/metabolismo , América Latina , Fitomejoramiento , Fenotipo , Genotipo
2.
Ann Emerg Med ; 83(4): 291-313, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38069966

RESUMEN

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Social determinants of health contribute to disparities in pediatric health and health care. Our objective was to synthesize and evaluate the evidence on the association between social determinants of health and emergency department (ED) outcomes in pediatric populations. METHODS: This review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Equity Extension guidelines. Observational epidemiological studies were included if they examined at least 1 social determinant of health from the PROGRESS-Plus framework in relation to ED outcomes among children <18 years old. Effect direction plots were used for narrative results and pooled odds ratios (pOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for meta-analyses. RESULTS: Fifty-eight studies were included, involving 17,275,090 children and 103,296,839 ED visits. Race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status were the most reported social determinants of health (71% each). Black children had 3 times the odds of utilizing the ED (pOR 3.16, 95% CI 2.46 to 4.08), whereas visits by Indigenous children increased the odds of departure prior to completion of care (pOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.39 to 1.80) compared to White children. Public insurance, low income, neighborhood deprivation, and proximity to an ED were also predictors of ED utilization. Children whose caregivers had a preferred language other than English had longer length of stay and increased hospital admission. CONCLUSION: Social determinants of health, particularly race, socioeconomic deprivation, proximity to an ED, and language, play important roles in ED care-seeking patterns of children and families. Increased utilization of ED services by children from racial minority and lower socioeconomic status groups may reflect barriers to health insurance and access to health care, including primary and subspecialty care, and/or poorer overall health, necessitating ED care. An intersectional approach is needed to better understand the trajectories of disparities in pediatric ED outcomes and to develop, implement, and evaluate future policies.


Asunto(s)
Etnicidad , Determinantes Sociales de la Salud , Niño , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Adolescente , Hospitalización , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Seguro de Salud
3.
Environ Sci Technol ; 58(19): 8417-8431, 2024 May 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38701378

RESUMEN

This study evaluated workers' exposures to flame retardants, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organophosphate esters (OPEs), and other brominated flame retardants (BFRs), in various industries. The study aimed to characterize OPE metabolite urinary concentrations and PBDE serum concentrations among workers from different industries, compare these concentrations between industries and the general population, and evaluate the likely route of exposure (dermal or inhalation). The results showed that workers from chemical manufacturing had significantly higher (p <0.05) urinary concentrations of OPE metabolites compared to other industries. Spray polyurethane foam workers had significantly higher (p <0.05) urinary concentrations of bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCPP) compared to other industries. Electronic scrap workers had higher serum concentrations of certain PBDE congeners compared to the general population. Correlations were observed between hand wipe samples and air samples containing specific flame-retardant parent chemicals and urinary metabolite concentrations for some industries, suggesting both dermal absorption and inhalation as primary routes of exposure for OPEs. Overall, this study provides insights into occupational exposure to flame retardants in different industries and highlights the need for further research on emerging flame retardants and exposure reduction interventions.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores , Retardadores de Llama , Éteres Difenilos Halogenados , Exposición Profesional , Organofosfatos , Retardadores de Llama/metabolismo , Humanos , Exposición por Inhalación , Adulto , Masculino , Piel/metabolismo , Estados Unidos , Femenino
4.
Can J Neurol Sci ; : 1-7, 2024 Jan 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38235823

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Management of primary headache (PHA) varies across emergency departments (ED), yet there is widespread agreement that computed tomography (CT) scans are overused. This study assessed emergency physicians' (EPs) PHA management and their attitudes towards head CT ordering. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was undertaken with EPs from one Canadian center. Drivers of physicians' perceptions regarding the appropriateness of CT ordering for patients with PHA were explored. RESULTS: A total of 73 EPs (70% males; 48% with <10 years of practice) participated in the study. Most EPs (88%) did not order investigations for moderate-severe primary headaches; however, CT was the common investigation (47%) for headaches that did not improve. Computed tomography ordering was frequently motivated by the need for specialist consultation (64%) or admission (64%). A small proportion (27%) believed patients usually/frequently expected a scan. Nearly half of EPs (48%) identified patient imaging expectations/requests as a barrier to reducing CT ordering. Emergency physicians with CCFP (EM) certification were less likely to perceive CT ordering for patients with PHA as appropriate. Conversely, those who identified the possibility of missing a condition as a major barrier to limiting their CT use were more likely to perceive CT ordering for patients with PHA as appropriate. CONCLUSIONS: Emergency physicians reported consistency and evidence-based medical management. They highlighted the complexities of limiting CT ordering and both their level of training and their perceived barriers for limiting CT ordering seem to be influencing their attitudes. Further studies could elucidate these and other factors influencing their practice.

5.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand ; 103(2): 266-275, 2024 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37948551

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus share risk factors such as obesity and increased maternal age, which have become more prevalent in recent decades. We examined changes in the prevalence of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes between 2005 and 2018 in Denmark and Alberta, Canada, and investigated whether the observed trends can be explained by changes in maternal age, parity, multiple pregnancy, comorbidity, and body mass index (BMI) over time. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was a register-based cohort study conducted using data from the Danish National Health Registers and the provincial health registers of Alberta, Canada. We included in the study cohort all pregnancies in 2005-2018 resulting in live-born infants and used binomial regression to estimate mean annual increases in the prevalence of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes in the two populations across the study period, adjusted for maternal characteristics. RESULTS: The study cohorts included 846 127 (Denmark) and 706 728 (Alberta) pregnancies. The prevalence of preeclampsia increased over the study period in Denmark (2.5% to 2.9%) and Alberta (1.7% to 2.5%), with mean annual increases of 0.03 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02-0.04) and 0.06 (95% CI 0.05-0.07) percentage points, respectively. The prevalence of gestational diabetes also increased in Denmark (1.9% to 4.6%) and Alberta (3.9% to 9.2%), with average annual increases of 0.20 (95% CI 0.19-0.21) and 0.44 (95% CI 0.42-0.45) percentage points. Changes in the distributions of maternal age and BMI contributed to increases in the prevalence of both conditions but could not explain them entirely. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of both preeclampsia and gestational diabetes increased significantly from 2005 to 2018, which portends future increases in chronic disease rates among affected women. Increasing demand for long-term follow up and care will amplify the existing pressure on healthcare systems.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Gestacional , Preeclampsia , Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , Preeclampsia/epidemiología , Diabetes Gestacional/epidemiología , Estudios de Cohortes , Alberta/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Dinamarca/epidemiología
6.
Can J Psychiatry ; 69(5): 337-346, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38151919

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To describe screen time levels and determine their association with socioemotional and behavioural difficulties among preschool-aged First Nations, Métis, and Inuit children. METHOD: Data were taken from the Aboriginal Children's Survey, a nationally representative survey of 2-5-year-old Indigenous children in Canada. Socioemotional and behavioural difficulties were defined using parent/guardian reports on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted separately for First Nations, Métis, and Inuit participants, and statistically adjusted for child age, child sex, and parent/guardian education. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.002 to adjust for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: Of these 2-5-year-old children (mean [M] = 3.57 years) 3,085 were First Nations (53.5%), 2,430 Métis (39.2%), and 990 Inuit (7.3%). Screen time exposure was high among First Nations (M = 2 h and 58 min/day, standard deviation [SD] = 1.89), Métis (M = 2 h and 50 min [SD = 1.83]), and Inuit children (M = 3 h and 25 min [SD = 2.20]), with 79.7% exceeding recommended guidelines (>1 h/day). After adjusting for confounders, screen time was associated with more socioemotional and behavioural difficulties among First Nations (total difficulties ß = 0.15 [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.19]) and Métis (ß = 0.16 [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.20]) but not Inuit children (ß = 0.12 [95% CI, 0.01 to 0.23]). CONCLUSIONS: Screen time exposure is high among Indigenous children in Canada, and is associated with more socioemotional and behavioural difficulties among First Nations and Métis children. Contributing factors could include enduring colonialism that resulted in family dissolution, lack of positive parental role models, and disproportionate socioeconomic disadvantage. Predictors of poor well-being should continue to be identified to develop targets for intervention to optimize the health and development of Indigenous children.


Asunto(s)
Indígena Canadiense , Tiempo de Pantalla , Preescolar , Humanos , Canadá , Escolaridad , Encuestas Epidemiológicas
7.
Parasitol Res ; 123(6): 252, 2024 Jun 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38922536

RESUMEN

Avian haemosporidians of the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus are a group of widely distributed blood parasites that can negatively affect the fitness of their hosts. Colombia contains the greatest diversity of birds on the planet, but knowledge about the associations between haemosporidian and its avifauna is scarce and fragmented. We collected blood samples from 255 birds (203 residents and 52 neotropical migrants) belonging to 27 families and 108 species. The study was conducted in six localities in the inter-Andean valleys of the Cauca and Magdalena rivers. Parasites of the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus were identified in the samples by morphological and molecular analysis of a fragment of the mitochondrial gene cyt b. Among the samples, 9.3% (n = 24) were positive for Plasmodium or Haemoproteus. Co-infection with Plasmodium and Haemoproteus was found in Red-eyed Vireo. Seventeen haemosporidian lineages were identified, five of which were reported for the first time in resident birds (Common Ground Dove, Checker-throated Stipplethroat, Tropical Kingbird, Pale-breasted Thrush, and Ruddy-breasted Seedeater) and one in the Summer Tanager (neotropical migrant). The research results confirm the wide diversity of haemosporidian present in tropical lowlands and the possible role of neotropical migratory birds in dissemination on haemosporidian along their migratory routes.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Aves , Aves , Haemosporida , Plasmodium , Infecciones Protozoarias en Animales , Animales , Colombia/epidemiología , Haemosporida/clasificación , Haemosporida/aislamiento & purificación , Haemosporida/genética , Aves/parasitología , Enfermedades de las Aves/parasitología , Enfermedades de las Aves/epidemiología , Plasmodium/clasificación , Plasmodium/aislamiento & purificación , Plasmodium/genética , Infecciones Protozoarias en Animales/parasitología , Infecciones Protozoarias en Animales/epidemiología , Citocromos b/genética , Migración Animal , Filogenia , Coinfección/parasitología , Coinfección/veterinaria , Coinfección/epidemiología
8.
CMAJ ; 195(45): E1533-E1542, 2023 11 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37984935

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Diabetes in pregnancy is an important public health concern for Indigenous populations. We sought to evaluate the prevalence and outcomes of pre-existing and gestational diabetes among Métis pregnancies compared with other pregnancies in Alberta, Canada. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using administrative health data from 2006 to 2016 and the Métis Nation of Alberta Identification Registry to compare the prevalence of pre-existing and gestational diabetes among all singleton Métis births with non-Métis births. We compared 10 maternal and neonatal outcomes using adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in multivariable analyses. RESULTS: The study population included 7902 Métis and 471 886 non-Métis births. The age-standardized prevalence of pre-existing diabetes was 1.7% (95% CI 1.4%-2.1%) for Métis and 1.1% (95% CI 1.1%-1.2%) for non-Métis pregnancies. For gestational diabetes, the age-standardized prevalence was 6.3% (95% CI 5.6%-6.9%) for Métis and 5.4% (95% CI 5.3%-5.4%) for non-Métis pregnancies. After adjusting for parity, maternal weight, age, smoking during pregnancy and material and social deprivation, Métis pregnancies had 1.72 times higher prevalence of preexisting diabetes (adjusted OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.15-2.56) and 1.30 times higher prevalence of gestational diabetes (adjusted OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.08-1.57) than non-Métis pregnancies. Métis pregnancies with pre-existing diabetes had nearly 3 times the odds of developing preeclampsia (adjusted OR 2.96, 95% CI 1.27-6.90), while those with gestational diabetes had 48% higher odds of large-for-gestational-age infants (adjusted OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.00-2.19). INTERPRETATION: Métis pregnancies have an increased prevalence of pre-existing and gestational diabetes than non-Métis pregnancies and an elevated risk of some perinatal outcomes. Interventions to tackle these health inequities should address both physiologic and cultural dimensions of health, informed by Métis perspectives.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Gestacional , Preeclampsia , Embarazo , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Femenino , Humanos , Diabetes Gestacional/epidemiología , Alberta/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Preeclampsia/epidemiología , Grupos de Población , Resultado del Embarazo/epidemiología
9.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol ; 37(5): 458-472, 2023 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36688258

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Historical reports suggest that infants born small for gestational age (SGA) are at increased risk for high blood pressure (BP) at older ages after adjustment for later age body size. Such adjustment may be inappropriate since adiposity is a known cause of cardiovascular and metabolic disease. OBJECTIVES: To assess the association between SGA births and later BP among preterm births, considering potential background confounders and over-adjustment for later body size. METHODS: A database search of studies up to October 2022 included MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL. Studies were included if they reported BP (systolic [SBP] or diastolic [DBP]) (outcomes) for participants born preterm with SGA (exposure) or non-SGA births. All screening, extraction steps, and risk of bias (using the Risk of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Interventions [ROBINS-I] tool) were conducted in duplicate by two reviewers. Data were pooled in meta-analysis using random-effects models. We explored potential sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS: We found no meaningful difference in later BP between preterm infants with and without SGA status at birth. Meta-analysis of 25 studies showed that preterm SGA, compared to preterm non-SGA, was not associated with higher BP at age 2 and older with mean differences for SBP 0.01 mmHg (95% CI -0.10, 0.12, I2  = 59.8%, n = 20,462) and DBP 0.01 mm Hg (95% CI -0.10, 0.12), 22 studies, (I2  = 53.0%, n = 20,182). Adjustment for current weight did not alter the results, which could be due to the lack of differences in later weight status in most of the included studies. The included studies were rated to be at risk of bias due to potential residual confounding, with a low risk of bias in other domains. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence indicates that preterm infants born SGA are not at increased risk of developing higher BP as children or as adults as compared to non-SGA preterm infants.


Asunto(s)
Hipertensión , Enfermedades del Recién Nacido , Lactante , Femenino , Niño , Adulto , Recién Nacido , Humanos , Preescolar , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Presión Sanguínea , Recién Nacido Pequeño para la Edad Gestacional , Retardo del Crecimiento Fetal
10.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol ; 37(7): 652-668, 2023 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37580882

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity and their consequent morbidities are important worldwide health problems. Some research suggests excess adiposity origins may begin in fetal life, but unknown is whether this applies to infants born preterm. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to assess the association between small for gestational age (SGA) birth and later adiposity and height among those born preterm. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL until October 2022. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Studies were included if they reported anthropometric (adiposity measures and height) outcomes for participants born preterm with SGA versus non-SGA. Screening, data extraction and risks of bias assessments were conducted in duplicate by two reviewers. SYNTHESIS: We meta-analysed across studies using random-effects models and explored potential heterogeneity sources. RESULTS: Thirty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. In later life, preterm SGA infants had a lower body mass index (-0.66 kg/m2 , 95% CI -0.79, -0.53; 32 studies, I2 = 16.7, n = 30,346), waist circumference (-1.20 cm, 95% CI -2.17, -0.23; 13 studies, I2 = 19.4, n = 2061), lean mass (-2.62 kg, 95% CI -3.45, 1.80; 7 studies, I2 = 0, n = 205) and height (-3.85 cm, 95% CI -4.73, -2.96; 26 studies, I2 = 52.6, n = 4174) compared with those preterm infants born non-SGA. There were no differences between preterm SGA and preterm non-SGA groups in waist/hip ratio, body fat, body fat per cent, truncal fat per cent, fat mass index or lean mass index, although power was limited for some analyses. Studies were rated at high risk of bias due to potential residual confounding and low risk of bias in other domains. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to their preterm non-SGA peers, preterm infants born SGA have lower BMI, waist circumference, lean body mass and height in later life. No differences in adiposity were observed between SGA preterm infants and non-SGA preterm infants.

11.
Ann Emerg Med ; 81(2): 197-208, 2023 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35940991

RESUMEN

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Pregnant women often seek care in an emergency department (ED). We sought to describe the frequency, characteristics, and factors associated with increased ED visits during pregnancy. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using administrative health data of all pregnancies resulting in a live birth at 20 or more weeks of gestation in Alberta, Canada, from 2011 to 2017. The primary outcome was the occurrence of any ED visit during pregnancy. The secondary outcomes were ED visit characteristics and discharge disposition. We calculated rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between sociodemographic and clinical factors and increased ED visits during pregnancy using random-effect negative binomial regression adjusting for multiple pregnancies per person during the study period. RESULTS: We included 255,929 pregnancies from 193,965 women. Of all the pregnancy episodes followed, 37.3% (95% CI 37.1 to 37.5) had at least 1 ED visit, resulting in a total of 226,811 ED visits and an overall ED visit rate of 94.0 visits per 100 pregnancies (95% CI 93.6 to 94.3). Most visits were nonobstetric (46.4%) and resulted in ED discharge (85.3%). Increased ED visits were associated with living in remote (RR 6.9; 95 %CI 6.7 to 7.1) or rural (RR 3.4; 95% CI 3.4 to 3.5) areas, younger age (RR 1.9; 95% CI 1.8 to 2.0), intensive prenatal care (RR 1.5; 95% CI 1.5 to 1.5), major/moderate health conditions (RR 1.6; 95% CI 1.6 to 1.6), mental health conditions (RR 1.6; 95% CI 1.5 to 1.6), and high antepartum risk score (RR 1.1; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.1). CONCLUSION: Approximately 1 in 3 women in our sample visited the ED during pregnancy. A higher number of visits occurred in those with rural/remote residence, younger maternal age, and concomitant health conditions.


Asunto(s)
Trastornos Mentales , Alta del Paciente , Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Alberta/epidemiología , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital
12.
BMC Health Serv Res ; 23(1): 1250, 2023 Nov 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37964274

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Efforts to reduce emergency department (ED) volumes often target frequent users. We examined transitions in care across ED, hospital, and community settings, and in-hospital death, for high system users (HSUs) compared to controls. METHODS: Population-based databases provided ED visits and hospitalizations in Alberta and Ontario, Canada. The retrospective cohort included the top 10% of all the ED users during 2015/2016 (termed HSUs) and a random sample of controls (4 per each HSU) from the bottom 90% per province. Rates of transitions among ED, hospitalization, community settings, and in-hospital mortality were adjusted for sociodemographic and ED variables in a multistate statistical model. RESULTS: There were 2,684,924 patients and 579,230 (21.6%) were HSUs. Patient characteristics associated with shorter community to ED transition times for HSUs included Alberta residence (ratio of hazard ratio [RHR] = 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11,1.12), living in areas in the lower income quintile (RHR = 1.06, 95%CI 1.06,1.06), and Ontario residents without a primary health care provider (RHR = 1.13, 95%CI 1.13,1.14). Once at the ED, characteristics associated with shorter ED to hospital transition times for HSUs included higher acuity (e.g., RHR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.61, 1.81 for emergent), and for many diagnoses including chest pain (RHR = 1.71, 95%CI 1.65,1.76) and gastrointestinal (RHR = 1.66, 95%CI 1.62,1.71). Once admitted to hospital, HSUs did not necessarily have longer stays except for conditions such as chest pain (RHR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.86, 0.95). HSUs had shorter times to death in the ED if they presented for cancer (RHR = 2.51), congestive heart failure (RHR = 1.93), myocardial infarction (RHR = 1.53), and stroke (RHR = 1.84), and shorter times to death in-hospital if they presented with cancer (RHR = 1.29). CONCLUSIONS: Differences between HSUs and controls in predictors of transitions among care settings were identified. Co-morbidities and limitations in access to primary care are associated with more rapid transitions from community to ED and hospital among HSUs. Interventions targeting these challenges may better serve patients across health systems.. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable.


Asunto(s)
Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Neoplasias , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Dolor en el Pecho/epidemiología , Dolor en el Pecho/terapia , Atención a la Salud , Ontario/epidemiología
13.
J Sci Food Agric ; 2023 Jul 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37406186

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The consumption of foods such as sweet potato and cassava with high levels of carotenoids is a possible solution to reduce vitamin A deficiency. In this study, we evaluated the kinetics of thermal degradation of carotenoids. The content of carotenoids was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography, first in fresh material, then in flour and finally in bakery products using mixtures of wheat, sweet potato and cassava. The degree of acceptance of the bakery products by children was also assessed through a sensory acceptance test. RESULTS: The study found that the degradation of carotenoid compounds in sweet potato followed first-order kinetics and fitted the Arrhenius equation with correlations of R2 > 0.9. The retention rates of all-trans-ß-carotene were 77%, 56% and 48% at cooking temperatures of 75, 85 and 95 °C respectively, during a cooking time of 20 min. The concentrations of all-trans-ß-carotene, after baking, for bread, cookies and cake were 15, 19 and 14 µg g-1 db, respectively. In a sensory acceptance test carried out in a school, 47.6% of the boys and 79.2% of the girls rated the cookies made from a mixture of cassava, sweet potato and wheat flour with the indicator I like it a lot. CONCLUSION: The content of carotenoid compounds was reduced by exposure to high temperatures and long cooking times. The combinations of cooking time and temperature which minimized degradation of all-trans-ß-carotene occurred at 75 °C-20 min and 95 °C-10 min. All-trans-ß-carotene retentions for bread, cookies and cake were 25%, 15% and 11% respectively. The mixture of wheat, sweet potato and cassava flour can be considered in the development of cookies with positive contributions of all-trans-ß-carotenes and with a good acceptance by children between 9 and 13 years old. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

14.
J Sci Food Agric ; 2023 Apr 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37086039

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of hyperspectral imaging for the characterization of cooking quality parameters, dry matter content (DMC), water absorption (WAB), and texture in cassava genotypes contrasting for their cooking quality. RESULTS: Hyperspectral images were acquired on cooked and fresh intact longitudinal and transversal slices from 31 cassava genotypes harvested in March 2022 in Colombia. Different chemometric methods were tested for the quantification of DMC, WAB, and texture parameters. Data analysis was conducted through partial least squares regression, K nearest neighbors regression, support vector machine regression and CovSel multiple linear regression (CovSel_MLR). Efficient performances were obtained for DMC using CovSel_MLR with, coefficient of multiple determination R p 2 = 0.94 $$ {R}_p^2=0.94 $$ , root-mean-square error of prediction RMSEP = 0.96 g/100 g, and ratio of the standard deviation values RPD = 3.60. High heterogeneity was observed between contrasting genotypes. The predicted distribution of DMC within the root can be homogeneous or heterogeneous depending on the genotype. Weak predictions were obtained for WAB and texture parameters. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that hyperspectral imaging could be used as a high-throughput phenotyping tool for the visualization of DMC in contrasting cooking quality genotypes. Further improvement of protocols and larger datasets are required for WAB and texture quality traits. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

15.
J Sci Food Agric ; 2023 Nov 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37961830

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Cassava roots are widely consumed in tropical regions of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Although the protein, vitamin, carotenoid, and mineral content in the leaves makes them a nutritionally attractive option, their consumption is limited due to their high levels of cyanogenic compounds (CCs). In this study, the CC content in different parts of the plant (leaves, storage root cortex, and parenchyma) was assessed at harvest for 50 landrace genotypes representative of cassava diversity in Latin America. The changes in CC in leaves at different physiological ages (3, 6, 9, and 11 months after planting) were also investigated. RESULTS: The average CC was higher in the cortex (804 ppm) and leaves (655 ppm) than in root parenchyma (305 ppm). Genotypes from different regions of Latin America, as identified by seven genetic diversity groups, differed significantly in CC levels. The Andean and Amazon groups had, respectively, the lowest (P = 0.0008) and highest (P < 0.0001) CC levels in all three parts of the plants. Cyanogenic compound concentrations were higher in leaves from young plants (P < 0.0001) and decreased with increasing physiological age. CONCLUSION: The results help to guide the selection of parental lines with low CC levels for breeding and to contribute to the expanded use of cassava and its by-products for food and feed. Cassava for fresh consumption, especially, requires varieties with low total CC content, especially in the root cortex and parenchyma. COL1108 (204, 213, and 174 ppm, respectively, in the parenchyma, cortex, and leaves) and PER297 (83, 238, and 299 ppm, respectively, in the parenchyma, cortex, and leaves) can fulfill this requirement. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

16.
Can J Diet Pract Res ; 84(2): 77-83, 2023 Jun 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36413410

RESUMEN

Introduction: Optimizing women's diets in pregnancy improves maternal and child health outcomes; however, the best format for supporting women's nutrition goals in pregnancy is not clear, and access to dietetic services is not standard in prenatal care in Alberta. This study explored women's perceptions about access to Registered Dietitians (RDs) throughout pregnancy and RDs experiences providing prenatal nutrition counselling.Methods: Two studies were conducted. Study A: Pregnant women completed a short survey while attending a prenatal appointment in a large prenatal clinic. The survey assessed women's perspectives about accessing dietetic services during pregnancy. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Study B: RDs participated in either a semi-structured phone interview or a focus group and described their experiences working with pregnant women. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: One hundred pregnant women completed the survey. Ninety percent indicated that they had not seen a RD at this time in pregnancy, and 48% reported that they would like to access a RD in pregnancy, if available. Dietitians discussed the diversity of women's concerns and the challenges to providing prenatal nutrition support.Conclusions: Women have nutrition-related questions during pregnancy. Dietitians experience challenges providing services in the current care systems.


Asunto(s)
Nutricionistas , Atención Prenatal , Niño , Femenino , Embarazo , Humanos , Mujeres Embarazadas , Alberta , Grupos Focales
17.
Ann Emerg Med ; 79(6): 543-553, 2022 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34782173

RESUMEN

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Challenges in transitioning from obstetric to primary care in the postpartum period may increase emergency department (ED) visits. This study described the frequency, characteristics, and predictors of maternal ED visits in the postpartum period. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of all live-birth pregnancies occurring in Alberta (Canada) between 2011 and 2017. Individual-level health and ED utilization data was linked across 5 population health databases. We calculated age-standardized ED visit rates in the postpartum period and used negative binomial regression models to assess the outcome of any ED visit in the postpartum period associated with relevant sociodemographic and clinical factors. Results were reported using rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS: Data on 255,929 pregnancies from 193,965 individuals were analyzed. During the study period, 44.7% of pregnancies had 1 or more ED visits; 29.7% of visits occurred within 6 weeks after delivery. Increased postpartum ED visits were associated with living in remote (RR, 2.8; 95% CI, 2.6 to 2.9) or rural areas (RR, 2.3; 95% CI, 2.3 to 2.4), age less than 20 years (RR, 2.5; 95% CI, 2.4 to 2.6), mental (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.6 to 1.7) and major/moderate health conditions (RR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.5 to 1.6), multiparity 4 or more (RR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.9 to 2.1), cesarean delivery (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.4 to 1.4), and intensive prenatal care (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.4 to 1.5). CONCLUSION: Almost one third of ED visits in the postpartum occurred within 6 weeks immediately after delivery. Potential gaps in equitable access and quality of prenatal care should be bridged by appropriate transitions to primary care in the postpartum period.


Asunto(s)
Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Periodo Posparto , Adulto , Alberta/epidemiología , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto Joven
18.
Environ Sci Technol ; 56(2): 1149-1161, 2022 01 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34964617

RESUMEN

Pesticides are used extensively in residential settings for lawn maintenance and in homes to control household pests including application directly on pets to deter fleas and ticks. Pesticides are commonly detected in the home environment where people and pets can be subject to chronic exposure. Due to increased interest in using companion animals as sentinels for human environmental health studies, we conducted a comparative pesticide exposure assessment in 30 people and their pet dogs to determine how well silicone wristbands and silicone dog tags can predict urinary pesticide biomarkers of exposure. Using targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses, we quantified eight pesticides in silicone samplers and used a suspect screening approach for additional pesticides. Urine samples were analyzed for 15 pesticide metabolite biomarkers. Several pesticides were detected in >70% of silicone samplers including permethrin, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), and chlorpyrifos. Significant and positive correlations were observed between silicone sampler levels of permethrin and DEET with their corresponding urinary metabolites (rs = 0.50-0.96, p < 0.05) in both species. Significantly higher levels of fipronil were observed in silicone samplers from participants who reported using flea and tick products containing fipronil on their dog. This study suggests that people and their dogs have similar pesticide exposures in a home environment.


Asunto(s)
Cloropirifos , Plaguicidas , Animales , Monitoreo Biológico , Perros , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/análisis , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Humanos , Plaguicidas/análisis , Siliconas
19.
Environ Res ; 214(Pt 4): 114152, 2022 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36041537

RESUMEN

The present systematic review aimed to evaluate the associations between welding fumes exposure and changes in oxidative stress [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA)] and DNA damage [8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and DNA-protein crosslink (DPC)] markers in professional welders (PROSPERO CRD42022298115). Six electronic bibliographic databases were searched from inception through September 2021 to identify observational epidemiological studies evaluating the association between welding fumes exposures and changes in oxidative stress and DNA damage in professional welders. Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias and certainty of the evidence. A narrative synthesis of results was conducted using the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) method. Pooled mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated in a random-effects meta-analysis for the outcomes of interest in the review. From 450 studies identified through the search strategy, 14 observational epidemiological studies were included in the review. Most studies reported significantly higher welding fumes levels in welders than in controls. The narrative synthesis results of SOD showed a significant difference between welders and controls, while the meta-analysis results of MDA did not show a significant difference between the studied groups (MD = 0.26; 95% CI, -0.03, 0.55). The meta-analysis results of 8-OHdG (MD = 9.38; 95% CI, 0.55-18.21) and DPC (MD = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.14-2) revealed significantly differences between the studied groups. The included studies were at high risk of exclusion and confounding bias. The certainty of the evidence for oxidative stress and DNA damage results were very low and moderate, respectively. Exposure to welding fumes and metal particles is associated with DNA damage in professional welders, and 8-OHdG and DPC might be considered reliable markers to assess DNA damage resulting from exposure to welding fumes. We recommend, however, that the evaluation of oxidative stress resulting from welding fumes exposure not be solely based on MDA and SOD.


Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire , Exposición Profesional , Soldadura , 8-Hidroxi-2'-Desoxicoguanosina , Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire/análisis , Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire/toxicidad , Biomarcadores/análisis , Daño del ADN , Gases/análisis , Humanos , Obreros Metalúrgicos , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Exposición Profesional/análisis , Estrés Oxidativo , Superóxido Dismutasa
20.
Environ Res ; 207: 112220, 2022 05 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34656632

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the association between maternal exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs) and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) during pregnancy. METHODS: We analyzed data from 346 women with a singleton live birth in the HOME Study, a prospective birth cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. We quantified four OPE metabolites in maternal spot urine samples collected at 16 and 26 weeks pregnancy, standardized by specific gravity. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). We extracted the first two recorded BP measurements (<20 weeks), the two highest recorded BP measurements (≥20 weeks), and diagnoses of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) via chart review. Women with two BP measurements ≥140/90 mmHg or HDP noted in the chart at ≥20 weeks pregnancy were defined as HDP cases. We used linear mixed models and modified Poisson regression with covariate adjustment to estimate associations between OPE concentrations as continuous variables or in tertiles with maternal BP and HDP. RESULTS: ICCs of OPEs were 0.17-0.45. Diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) had the highest geometric mean concentration among OPE metabolites. Increasing the average bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP) concentrations were positively associated with two highest recorded DBP ≥20 weeks pregnancy. Compared with women in the 1st DPHP tertile, women in the 3rd tertile at 16 weeks pregnancy had 1.72 mmHg (95% CI: -0.01, 3.46) higher DBP <20 weeks pregnancy, and women in the 3rd tertile of the average DPHP concentrations had 2.25 mmHg (95% CI: 0.25, 4.25) higher DBP ≥20 weeks pregnancy. 33 women (9.5%) were identified with HDP. Di-n-butyl phosphate (DNBP) concentrations at 16 weeks were positively associated with HDP, with borderline significance (RR = 2.98, 95% CI 0.97-9.15). Other OPE metabolites were not significantly associated with HDP. CONCLUSION: Maternal urinary BCEP and DPHP concentrations were associated with increased BP during pregnancy. Maternal urinary DNBP concentrations were associated with HDP, with borderline significance.


Asunto(s)
Ésteres , Retardadores de Llama , Presión Sanguínea , Femenino , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Organofosfatos/orina , Embarazo , Estudios Prospectivos
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