The role of orexin in fatigue and sleep quality in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Sleep disorders and fatigue are prevalent symptoms affecting primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients. This study aimed to assess the sleep quality of pSS patients as well as its relationship to fatigue and orexin level. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study evaluating fatigue in pSS using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) and EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Patient-Reported Index (ESSPRI) were calculated. RESULTS: Forty-one patients met the sample criteria and were involved in the final report. They were all females, with a mean (± SD) age and median disease duration of 40.87 ± 10.84 and 36 (6-180) months, respectively. The mean ESSDAI was 0.92 ± 1.3, while the mean ESSPRI was 5.8 ± 2.13. Based on the FSS, 32 (78.04%) patients had a positive test with a mean score of 5.07 ± 1.54. The total PSQI score showed that 60.97% had poor sleep, and the orexin level was lower in patients with pSS than in healthy controls. There was no correlation between orexin level and the presence of fatigue nor the PSQI score. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, serum orexin levels were lower in patients with pSS than healthy controls, It could be related to impairments in sleep and fatigue in patients with pSS.

PsART-ID inception cohort: clinical characteristics, treatment choices and outcomes of patients with psoriatic arthritis.

OBJECTIVES: Our aim is to understand clinical characteristics, real-life treatment strategies, outcomes of early PsA patients and determine the differences between the inception and established PsA cohorts. METHODS: PsArt-ID (Psoriatic Arthritis- International Database) is a multicentre registry. From that registry, patients with a diagnosis of PsA up to 6 months were classified as the inception cohort (n==388). Two periods were identified for the established cohort: Patients with PsA diagnosis within 5-10 years (n = 328), ≥10 years (n = 326). Demographic, clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, outcomes were determined for the inception cohort and compared with the established cohorts. RESULTS: The mean (s.d.) age of the inception cohort was 44.7 (13.3) and 167/388 (43.0%) of the patients were male. Polyarticular and mono-oligoarticular presentations were comparable in the inception and established cohorts. Axial involvement rate was higher in the cohort of patients with PsA ≥10 years compared with the inception cohort (34.8% vs 27.7%). As well as dactylitis and nail involvement (P = 0.004, P = 0.001 respectively). Both enthesitis, deformity rates were lower in the inception cohort. Overall, 13% of patients in the inception group had a deformity. MTX was the most commonly prescribed treatment for all cohorts with 10.7% of the early PsA patients were given anti-TNF agents after 16 months. CONCLUSION: The real-life experience in PsA patients showed no significant differences in the disease pattern rates except for the axial involvement. The dactylitis, nail involvement rates had increased significantly after 10 years from the diagnosis and the enthesitis, deformity had an increasing trend over time.

Disease characteristics of psoriatic arthritis patients may differ according to age at psoriasis onset: cross-sectional data from the Psoriatic Arthritis-International Database.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the impact of early versus late-onset psoriasis (PsO) on the disease characteristics of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in a large-multicentre cohort. METHODS: The data from a multicentre psoriatic arthritis database was analysed. Patients were grouped according to age at psoriasis onset (early onset; <40 years of age, late-onset; >40 years of age) and disease characteristics of the groups were compared by adjusting for BMI and PsA duration, where necessary. RESULTS: At the time of analyses, 1634 patients were recruited [62.8% females; early onset 1108 (67.8%); late-onset, 526 (32.2%)]. The late-onset group was more over-weight [66.8% vs. 86.8%, p<0.001; adjusted for age - aOR 1.55 (1.11-2.20; 95% CI)]. The early onset group had more scalp psoriasis at onset (56.7% vs. 43.0%, p<0.001), whereas extremity lesions were more common in the late-onset group (63.8% vs. 74.2%, p<0.001). Axial disease in males and psoriatic disease family history in females were significantly higher in the early onset group [38.0% vs. 25.4%; p=0.005; adjusted for PsA duration - aOR 1.76 (1.19-2.62; 95% CI) / 39.5% vs. 30.1%; p=0.003; OR 1.51 (1.15-1.99; 95% CI), respectively]. Psoriatic disease activity parameters, patient-physician reported outcomes and HAQ-DI scores were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical features of PsA may be affected by the age at onset of PsO. Different genetic backgrounds in early and late-onset PsO may be driving the differences in psoriasis and PsA phenotypes.

Macula pigment optical densitometry changes in hydroxychloroquine use.

PURPOSE: To investigate the association between hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) use and macular pigment optic densitometry (MPOD) abnormalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty patients that have been receiving HCQ treatment and forty-eight control subjects were randomly selected from patients with no visual impairment with similar age and gender. All participants underwent detailed ophthalmologic examination including fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, optic coherence tomography, and visual field analysis. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) was measured by fundus reflectometry using one-wavelength reflection method. Patients with ongoing HCQ treatment formed the HCQ group and healthy subjects formed the control group. RESULTS: Mean age was 50.9 ± 7.9 and 47.9 ± 9.4 years in the HCQ and controls groups respectively (p = 0.098) Between the groups, there is no significant difference in central foveal thickness and mean deviation and pattern standard deviation in the visual field analysis. Parafoveal hyper fluorescence lesions were detected in 5 (%10) patients. Choroidal thickness was significantly decreased in the HCQ group (p = 0.001). Maximum and mean MPOD outcomes were significantly lower in the HCQ group (p = 0.005, p = 0.003, respectively). Between the groups, there was no difference in mean MPOD volume and MPOD area. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with HCQ use have reduced MPOD. Further studies are required investigating the sensitivity and specificity of MPOD in detecting initial retinal changes in patients with HCQ use.

What are the main barriers to achieve minimal disease activity in psoriatic arthritis in real life?

OBJECTIVES: Minimal disease activity (MDA) is an important target in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), however it is also criticised for having a low threshold for patient reported outcomes (PRO).The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of MDA and its components in patients with PsA and to evaluate disease characteristics and patterns in patients with or without MDA (MDA+ or MDA-). METHODS: PsArt-ID (Psoriatic Arthritis-International Database) is a prospective, multicentre web-based registry. PsA patients who had at least 1 year of disease duration and had full data for MDA were included for this analysis (n=317). Patients were considered in MDA+ when they met at least 5/7 of the MDA criteria. RESULTS: MDA was achieved in 46% patients. Within MDA- patients, body surface area (51.2%) and swollen joint count (53.5%) domains could still be achieved in the majority and 93.5% of them had no enthesitis using the Leeds enthesitis index. Of 170 patients with MDA-, 90 patients did not fulfill all 3 PROs of MDA. Mono-arthritis subtype (RR: 2.01), absence of enthesitis (RR: 1.570) and absence of distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint disease (RR: 1.1) were associated with higher probability of achieving MDA. CONCLUSIONS: The MDA criteria provide an objective target for treatment in trials and clinical practice; however, in real life PROs are the most significant barriers to achieve MDA. The presence of DIP joints disease makes it difficult to reach MDA due to active PROs.

Evaluation of subclinical atherosclerosis using ultrasound radiofrequency data technology in patients diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to identify the cardiovascular risk associated with chronic inflammation and disease activity in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) using noninvasive ultrasonographic radiofrequency data technology. METHODS: In this study, a total of 87 participants, 38 patients with AS and 49 healthy controls, were evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography. Intima-media thickness (IMT) and arterial stiffness were measured from the bilateral common carotid artery using the radiofrequency method. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found between the AS patients and healthy controls concerning the right common carotid artery, left common carotid artery, IMT, distensibility coefficient, elasticity coefficient, α and ß stiffness indexes, and pulse wave velocities (P > .05). The symptom duration of the AS patients had a positive correlation that was moderate and was detected with the α stiffness index and pulse wave velocity (P < .05). The duration of diagnosis and treatment of the AS patients had a positive correlation that was moderate, was detected with the α stiffness index, the ß stiffness index, and pulse wave velocity (P < .05). The mean IMT and elasticity coefficient values of the AS patients whose Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index score was 4 and above, were substantially higher than the values in the patients with scores lower than 4 (P = .038 and P = .33, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Subclinical atherosclerosis is not accelerated in AS patients with low disease activity, although insufficiently controlled disease activity may result in increased carotid IMT and atheromatosis. Radiofrequency data technology provides a noninvasive method for accurately and quantitatively demonstrating CCA-IMT elevation and the decrease in vascular elasticity in patients with AS.

Pulmonary Arterial Hemodynamic Assessment by a Novel Index in Systemic Sclerosis Patients: Pulmonary Pulse Transit Time.

OBJECTIVES: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic, inflammatory, and autoimmune connective tissue disease that is associated with vascular lesions, and fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs. Cardiac complications may occur as a secondary effect of SSc as a result of pulmonary arterial hypertension and interstitial lung disease. The objective of this study was to assess whether the pulmonary pulse transit time (pPTT) could serve as a diagnostic marker for pulmonary arterial alterations in patients with SSc, prior to development of pulmonary hypertension. METHODS: Twenty-five SSc patients as a study group and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers for the control group were recruited to the study. Right ventricle function parameters, such as tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure (ePASP), right ventricular dimensions, right ventricle fractional area changes, and myocardial perfusion index (MPI) were measured and calculated. Pulmonary pulse transit time was defined as the time interval between the R-wave peak in the ECG and the corresponding peak late systolic pulmonary vein flow velocity. RESULTS: Right ventricle myocardial performance index (RVMPI) and eSPAP were significantly higher in the SSc group than the controls (p = 0.032, p = 0.012, respectively). Pulmonary pulse transit time and TAPSE was shorter in the patients with SSc (p = 0.006, p = 0.015, respectively). In correlation analysis, pPTT was inversely correlated with RVMPI (r = - 0.435, p = 0.003), eSPAP (r = - 0.434, p = 0.003), and disease duration (r = - 0.595, p = 0.003). Conversely, it positively correlated with TAPSE (r = 0.345, p = 0.022). CONCLUSION: pPTT was found to be shorter in SSc patients. pPTT might serve as a surrogate marker of pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with SSc, even prior to the development of pulmonary hypertension.

Evaluation of Subclinical Atherosclerosis by Ultrasound Radiofrequency Data Technology in Patients With Familial Mediterranean Fever.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to noninvasively demonstrate the presence of early risk associated with subclinical inflammatory activity in patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) who had stable disease, using ultrasound (US) radiofrequency data technology. METHODS: A total of 110 participants, including 55 patients with FMF and 55 healthy control participants, were evaluated with Doppler US. The intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness were measured from bilateral common carotid arteries (CCAs) by the radiofrequency method. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found between the patients with FMF and controls in terms of the right and left CCA intima-media thickness, distensibility coefficient, compliance coefficient, α and ß stiffness indices, and pulsed wave velocity (P > .05). Symptom duration and diagnosis and treatment time of the patients with FMF had a negative correlation with the distensibility and compliance measurements obtained by Doppler US (r = -0.324 and -0.303), and a positive (r = 0.380 and 0.339) and statistically significant relationship was detected between the α stiffness index, ß stiffness index, and pulsed wave velocity (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Common carotid artery intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness measurements can aid in early prediction of cardiovascular disease development in patients with FMF. Radiofrequency data technology provides a noninvasive method for accurately and quantitatively showing the CCA intima-media thickness elevation and the decrease in vascular elasticity in patients with FMF.

The Psoriatic Arthritis Registry of Turkey: results of a multicentre registry on 1081 patients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to assess the characteristics of PsA, find out how well the disease is controlled in real life, demonstrate the treatments and identify the unmet needs. METHODS: The PsA registry of Turkey is a multicentre Web-based registry established in 2014 and including 32 rheumatology centres. Detailed data regarding demographics for skin and joint disease, disease activity assessments and treatment choices were collected. RESULTS: One thousand and eighty-one patients (64.7% women) with a mean (sd) PsA duration of 5.8 (6.7) years were enrolled. The most frequent type of PsA was polyarticular [437 (40.5%)], followed by oligoarticular [407 (37.7%)] and axial disease [372 (34.4%)]. The mean (sd) swollen and tender joint counts were 1.7 (3) and 3.6 (4.8), respectively. Of these patients, 38.6% were on conventional synthetic DMARD monotherapy, 7.1% were on anti-TNF monotherapy, and 22.5% were using anti-TNF plus conventional synthetic DMARD combinations. According to DAS28, 86 (12.4%) patients had high and 105 (15.2%) had moderate disease activity. Low disease activity was achieved in 317 (45.7%) patients, and 185 (26.7%) were in remission. Minimal disease activity data could be calculated in 247 patients, 105 of whom (42.5%) had minimal disease activity. The major differences among sexes were that women were older and had less frequent axial disease, more fatigue, higher HAQ scores and less remission. CONCLUSION: The PsA registry of Turkey had similarities with previously published registries, supporting its external validity. The finding that women had more fatigue and worse functioning as well as the high percentage of active disease state highlight the unmet need in treatment of PsA.

Hughes-Stovin Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Thrombosis and Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm.

Hughes-Stovin Syndrome (HSS) is a rare clinical condition characterized by thrombophlebitis as well as multiple pulmonary and bronchial aneurysms. It commonly presents with coughing, dyspnea, fever, chest pain, and hemoptysis, and its management usually consists of surgical and medical approaches. In this report, we discuss a case of a patient with HSS. A 30-year-old male patient was admitted to the pulmonary medicine ward for hemoptysis. After evaluation with chest CT, bilateral pulmonary embolism and pulmonary aneurysms were observed. Due to a history of aphthous lesions, Behçet's disease (BD) was considered the initial diagnosis; however, the patient did not fit the criteria and was later diagnosed with HSS. Intravenous methylprednisolone was initiated, along with a maintenance treatment with cyclophosphamide. Treatment response was observed in the fourth month; however, due to the persistence of hemoptysis, additional cycles of cyclophosphamide were later required, under which the patient's condition has been stable. HSS currently lacks clear diagnostic criteria, and further studies are needed to investigate genetic backgrounds, familial transmissions, and treatment alternatives.

Mortality in psoriatic arthritis patients, changes over time, and the impact of COVID-19: results from a multicenter Psoriatic Arthritis Registry (PsART-ID).

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the mortality of PsA before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: From the prospective, multicenter PsART-ID (Psoriatic Arthritis Registry-International Database), patients from Turkey were analyzed by linking the registry to the Turkish Cause of Death Registry. The outcome of interest was death from any cause, pre-pandemic (since the onset of registry-March 2014-March 2020), and during the pandemic (March 2020-May 2021). The crude mortality rate and standardized mortality ratio (SMR) were determined. RESULTS: There were 1216 PsA patients with a follow-up of 7500 patient-years. Overall, 46 deaths (26 males) were observed. In the pre-pandemic period, SMR for PsA vs the general population was 0.95 (0.61-1.49), being higher in males [1.56 (0.92-2.63)] than females [0.62 (0.33-1.17)]. The crude mortality rate in PsA doubled during the pandemic (pre-pandemic crude mortality rate: 5.07 vs 10.76 during the pandemic) with a higher increase in females (2.9 vs 8.72) than males (9.07 vs 14.73). CONCLUSION: The mortality in PsA was found similar to the general population in the pre-pandemic era. The mortality rates in PsA doubled during the pandemic. Whether PsA patients have more risk of mortality than the general population due to COVID-19 needs further studies. Key Points • Decrease in mortality in PsA might be expected with the more effective treatment options and better disease control. • A crude mortality rate is comparable to the general population and not increased until the pandemic. • Currently, there is a 2-fold increase in crude mortality rate possibly due to the COVID-19.

Evaluation of subclinical atherosclerosis by ultrasound radiofrequency data technology in patients with psoriatic arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with psoriatic arthritis using ultrasound radiofrequency data technology. METHODS: In all, 29 psoriatic arthritis patients and 42 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional study. Arterial stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness measurements were performed in bilateral common carotid arteries using ultrasound radiofrequency data technology in all participants. RESULTS: In psoriatic arthritis patients, the mean carotid intima-media thickness, α and ß stiffness indices, and pulsed wave velocity value were significantly higher than those in the control group (542.3 (81.3) vs. 487.9 (64.1), 9.3 (6.3) vs. 3.9 (0.1), 18.7 (17.7) vs. 8.04 (4.2), and 10.2 (3.8) vs. 6.4 (1.5), p<0.05). The mean distensibility coefficient and compliance coefficient values of the patient group were significantly lower than those of the control group (0.014 (0.01) vs. 0.03 (0.01) and 0.57 (0.33) vs. 1.02 (0.4), p<0.05). No significant correlation was found between carotid artery hemodynamic parameters and symptom duration, duration of diagnosis and treatment, disease activity index for psoriatic arthritis scores, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein levels (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: In the results of our study, evidence of subclinical atherosclerosis has been detected in psoriatic arthritis patients without clinically evident cardiovascular disease or traditional cardiovascular risk factors.

Polyneuropathy and the sural/radial sensory nerve action potential ratio in primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Objectives: Polyneuropathy is the most common neurological complication in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). A ratio of sural nerve and superficial radial nerve sensorial action potential amplitudes (SRARs) of <0.4 is an indicator for early axonal neuropathy. We evaluated the polyneuropathies and SRARs in pSS patients.Method: Fifty-two female patients who were diagnosed with pSS according to the European-American Consensus Criteria and 45 healthy controls were enrolled. Nerve conduction studies were performed to diagnose polyneuropathy. Sensory axonal polyneuropathy was diagnosed in three patients, so SRARs were compared in 49 patients and 50 healthy controls.Results: Fifty-two patients with pSS underwent nerve conduction tests. The sural sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) was <6 µV in threepatients and they were diagnosed with sensory axonal neuropathy. SRARs were evaluated in 49 female patients, with a mean age of 51.98 ± 10.79 years and 50 healthy controls with a mean age of 50.52 ± 12.55 years. The mean disease duration was 7.59 ± 6.17 years. The SRAR values were different between the patient and control groups. SRAR was <0.4 in 20.4% of the patient group and <0.4 in 6% of the control group. The SRAR value was not statistically different within the patient group based on anti-Ro and anti-La.Discussion: The potential for neurological involvement in patients with pSS who have no signs or injury should be evaluated because nervous system involvement in pSS is a negative prognostic factor. SRAR in patients with pSS can be used as a marker for the early detection of axonal neuropathy.

Large joint and lower extremity involvement have higher impact on disease outcomes in oligoarticular psoriatic arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: Joints with different sizes and anatomical locations can be affected in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Our aim was to explore the effect of different joint patterns on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with mono-oligoarthritis. METHODS: Within PsArt-ID (Psoriatic Arthritis- International Database), 387/1670 patients who had mono-oligoarthritis (1-4 tender and swollen joints) were enrolled in cross-sectional assessment. The joints were categorized according to their size (small/large) and location (upper/lower extremity) and PROs, physician global assessment and C-reactive protein (CRP) were compared. Analysis was made by categorizing according to joint counts (1-2 joints/ 3-4 joints). RESULTS: The mean age (SD) was 46.9 (14.24) with a mean (SD) PsA duration of 3.93 (6.03) years. Within patients with 1-2 involved joints (n = 302), size of the joints only had an impact on CRP values with large joints having higher CRP (P = .005), similar to lower extremity involvement (P = .004). PROs were similar regardless of size or location if 1-2 joints were inflamed. Within patients with 3-4 involved joints (n = 85), patient global assessment (PGA), pain, fatigue and physician global assessment were higher in the group with large joints. Similarly, PGA, pain, and physician global assessment were higher in patients with lower extremity involvement as well as higher CRP values. CONCLUSION: For PsA patients with 3-4 joints involved, lower extremity and large joints are associated with poorer outcomes with worse PROs, physician global assessment, and higher CRP. The size and anatomical location of the joints are less important for patients with 1-2 joints in terms of the PROs.

Psoriasis Symptom Inventory (PSI) as a patient-reported outcome in mild psoriasis: Real life data from a large psoriatic arthritis registry.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim is to test the validity of the Psoriasis Symptom Inventory (PSI), a patient-reported outcome, to assess the psoriasis severity within the scope of rheumatology. METHODS: Within the PsA international database (PSART-ID), 571 patients had PSI, while 322 of these also showed body surface area (BSA). Correlations between PSI, BSA, and other patient- and physician-reported outcomes were investigated. RESULTS: There was a good correlation between PSI and BSA (r=0.546, p<0.001), which was even higher for mild psoriasis (BSA<3 (n=164): r=0.608, p<0.001). PSI significantly correlated with fatigue, pain, and patient and physician global parameters (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: PSI has a good correlation with other patient- and physician-reported outcomes, and our findings support its use in rheumatology practice.

Impact of Having Family History of Psoriasis or Psoriatic Arthritis on Psoriatic Disease.

OBJECTIVE: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) has a genetic background. Approximately 40% of patients with psoriasis or PsA have a family history of psoriasis or PsA, which may affect disease features. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of family history of psoriasis and PsA on disease phenotypes. METHODS: Data from 1,393 patients recruited in the longitudinal, multicenter Psoriatic Arthritis International Database were analyzed. The effects of family history of psoriasis and/or PsA on characteristics of psoriasis and PsA were investigated using logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 444 patients (31.9%) had a family history of psoriasis and/or PsA. These patients were more frequently women, had earlier onset of psoriasis, more frequent nail disease, enthesitis, and deformities, and less frequently achieved minimal disease activity. Among 444 patients, 335 only had psoriasis in their family, 74 had PsA, and 35 patients were not certain about having PsA and psoriasis in their family, so they were excluded from further analysis. In the multivariate analysis, family history of psoriasis was associated with younger age at onset of psoriasis (odds ratio [OR] 0.976) and presence of enthesitis (OR 1.931), whereas family history of PsA was associated with lower risk of plaque psoriasis (OR 0.417) and higher risk of deformities (OR 2.557). Family history of PsA versus psoriasis showed increased risk of deformities (OR 2.143) and lower risk of plaque psoriasis (OR 0.324). CONCLUSION: Family history of psoriasis and PsA impacts skin phenotypes, musculoskeletal features, and disease severity. The link between family history of psoriasis/PsA and pustular/plaque phenotypes may point to a different genetic background and pathogenic mechanisms in these subsets.

Evaluation of subclinical atherosclerosis by ultrasound radiofrequency data technology in patients with Behçet's disease.

AIM: We aimed to evaluate subclinical atherosclerosis based on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and arterial stiffness measurements in patients with Behçet's disease (BD), using ultrasound (US) radiofrequency (RF) data technology. METHODS: We included 33 BD patients and 33 healthy controls in this study. The participants did not have any primary cardiovascular risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and obesity. All participants were evaluated using Doppler ultrasonography. Arterial stiffness and CIMT measurements were performed in bilateral common carotid arteries using the US RF data technology. RESULTS: The right, left and mean CIMT values were similar between the patient and control groups (P > 0.05). There was also no statistically significant difference in the right side α and ß stiffness indices despite higher values in the patient group (P > 0.05). The right, left and mean distensibility coefficient (DC) and compliance coefficient (CC) values of the patient group were significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). The left and mean α- and ß-stiffness indices, and the right, left and mean pulse wave velocity (PWV) values were significantly higher in the patient group (P < 0.05). We found higher mean CIMT and PWV values, and α- and ß-stiffness indices in patients with mucocutaneous involvement compared with those with major organ involvement, while the mean DC and CC values were lower in the former. However, these results did not reach a statistically significant level. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated evidence of subclinical atherosclerosis in BD in the absence of major atherosclerotic risk factors.

Evaluation of subclinical atherosclerosis by ultrasound radiofrequency data technology in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, and inflammation is highly associated with atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular risk. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and arterial stiffness measurements are commonly used to detect subclinical atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to non-invasively demonstrate the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with pSS through these measurements, using ultrasound (US) radiofrequency (RF) data technology. 30 pSS patients as the study group and 30 age-and sex-matched healthy volunteers as the control group were included in this study. The age of the participants in the entire sample ranged from 18 to 60 years, and no primary cardiovascular risk factors were present, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or obesity. The participants in the study and control groups were evaluated with doppler ultrasonography. Arterial stiffness and CIMT measurements were made from the bilateral common carotid arteries (CCA) using US RF data technology. No statistically significant difference was identified between the patients with pSS and the controls in terms of the right, left, and mean CCA IMT; the right side distensibility coefficient (DC) and compliance coefficient (CC); or the right- and left-side α and ß stiffness indices values (p > 0.05). Compared to the control subjects, the pSS patients had higher right and left side pulsed wave velocity (PWV), the mean value of the right and the left sides α stiffness index, ß stiffness index, and PWV (p < 0.05). The pSS patients' left DC, left CC, and the mean value of the right and left sides DC and CC were lower than controls (p < 0,05). It was found that patients with pSS show evidence of subclinical atherosclerosis. To determine this situation in patients with pSS, CIMT and PWV measurements may serve as a guide. Radiofrequency data technology represents a non-invasive approach to the accurate and quantitative measurement of CIMT elevation and decreases in vascular elasticity.

Effects of Familial Mediterranean Fever on Cardiac Functions in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Speckle Tracking Echocardiography.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic functions with speckle tracking echocardiography in addition to routine echocardiographic measurements in adult familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) patients in order to detect cardiac functions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty FMF patients (23 males, 37 females; median age 35 years; interquartile range, 26 to 38 years) and 20 healthy subjects (10 males, 10 females; median age 31 years; interquartile range, 25 to 35 years) were included in the study. The diagnosis was established according to the Tel-Hashomer criteria. All patients were using regular colchicine and they were in the attack-free period. Laboratory examinations included complete blood count, creatinine, and inflammatory markers. In addition to routine echocardiographic examination, RV and LV global longitudinal strains were measured and compared. RESULTS: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein values were higher in FMF group. LV global longitudinal strain was similar among the groups. FMF patients had slightly lower early diastolic trans-mitral flow (E) values than controls. As similar as the mitral E flow, tricuspid E flow was slightly lower in FMF groups than controls. RV ejection fraction was similar and in normal ranges among the groups. RV global longitudinal strain was lower in FMF group than controls. RV Myocardial Performance Index (or Tei index) was higher in FMF group. CONCLUSION: The present study indicates low values of mean RV global longitudinal strain and higher Tei index in FMF patients. These results suggest that FMF may cause subclinical RV deterioration.

Current Smoking Is Increased in Axial Psoriatic Arthritis and Radiographic Sacroiliitis.

OBJECTIVE: The effect of smoking in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is under debate. Our aim was to test whether smoking is increased in axial PsA (axPsA). METHODS: Included in the analysis were 1535 patients from PsArt-ID (PsA-International Database). The effect of smoking on axPsA (compared to other PsA phenotypes) and radiographic sacroiliitis were investigated. RESULTS: Current smoking was more common in axPsA (28.6% vs 18.9%, p < 0.001). It also was found as an independent predictor of axPsA (OR 1.4) and radiographic sacroiliitis (OR 6.6). CONCLUSION: Current smoking is significantly associated with both axPsA and radiographic sacroiliitis in patients with PsA.