[Adjustments for the care of people with sensory disabilities in primary health centers]. / Adecuaciones para la atención de personas con discapacidad sensorial en los CESFAM del Servicio de Salud Concepción.

BACKGROUND: People with Sensory Disabilities (PcDS) face barriers for equal access to health care. Thus, health centers require adjustments to comply with equal access that allows an universal coverage of care. AIM: To characterize the adjustments for the care of PcDS in primary health centers in Concepción, Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study using data obtained through a questionnaire to key informants or via Transparency Law, and direct observation. The variables were subdivided into four categories, namely infrastructure, communication, skills, and environment. RESULTS: The analyzed health centers have a high proportion of general adjustments of their physical settings. However, there is a lack of specific adjustments for deaf and blind people, especially communicational ones. CONCLUSIONS: There is a paucity of adjustments for the health care of PcDS in the analyzed health centers. This deficiency underscores the barriers faced by PcDS for receiving care in the Chilean public health system.

Impacts of hydraulic redistribution on grass-tree competition vs facilitation in a semi-arid savanna.

A long-standing ambition in ecosystem science has been to understand the relationship between ecosystem community composition, structure and function. Differential water use and hydraulic redistribution have been proposed as one mechanism that might allow for the coexistence of overstory woody plants and understory grasses. Here, we investigated how patterns of hydraulic redistribution influence overstory and understory ecophysiological function and how patterns vary across timescales of an individual precipitation event to an entire growing season. To this end, we linked measures of sap flux within lateral and tap roots, leaf-level photosynthesis, ecosystem-level carbon exchange and soil carbon dioxide efflux with local meteorology data. The hydraulic redistribution regime was characterized predominantly by hydraulic descent relative to hydraulic lift. We found only a competitive interaction between the overstory and understory, regardless of temporal time scale. Overstory trees used nearly all water lifted by the taproot to meet their own transpirational needs. Our work suggests that alleviating water stress is not the reason we find grasses growing in the understory of woody plants; rather, other stresses, such as excessive light and temperature, are being ameliorated. As such, both the two-layer model and stress gradient hypothesis need to be refined to account for this coexistence in drylands.

Interfamily Therapy, a multifamily therapy model settled in infant-juvenile mental health services of Havana (Cuba): A qualitative study from participants' perspectives.

Interfamily therapy (IFT) is a specific model for multifamily therapy (MFT) of recent expansion in Latin American and European countries. In IFT a multifamily group becomes a community of learning where professionals and family members establish collaborative relationships and participate in dialogues. This study used a qualitative phenomenological approach to explore the participants' perspective of 14 members and ex-members of two IFT groups conducted in Infant-Juvenile Mental Health Centers in Havana (Cuba). In this study IFT was well accepted and effective, and it was perceived as beneficial due to its positive influence for participants, with benefits on a personal, family and social level. In addition, participants articulated a series of therapeutic elements of IFT that were essential to promote these benefits. In conclusion, IFT seems to be a useful therapeutic model in the treatment of children, adolescents and their families in a Cuban psychiatric setting.

Adecuaciones para la atención de personas con discapacidad sensorial en los CESFAM del Servicio de Salud Concepción / Adjustments for the care of people with sensory disabilities in primary health centers

BACKGROUND: People with Sensory Disabilities (PcDS) face barriers for equal access to health care. Thus, health centers require adjustments to comply with equal access that allows an universal coverage of care. AIM: To characterize the adjustments for the care of PcDS in primary health centers in Concepción, Chile. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study using data obtained through a questionnaire to key informants or via Transparency Law, and direct observation. The variables were subdivided into four categories, namely infrastructure, communication, skills, and environment. RESULTS: The analyzed health centers have a high proportion of general adjustments of their physical settings. However, there is a lack of specific adjustments for deaf and blind people, especially communicational ones. Conclusions: There is a paucity of adjustments for the health care of PcDS in the analyzed health centers. This deficiency underscores the barriers faced by PcDS for receiving care in the Chilean public health system.

Enseñanza histológica e histopatológica a través de microscopía virtual, una oportunidad en odontología / Virtual microscopy in histological and histopathological teaching, an opportunity in dentistry

RESUMEN La microscopía virtual (MV) está siendo ampliamente implementada en educación y podría llevar a reemplazar a la microscopía óptica (MO). Objetivo: Proporcionar una revisión de la literatura a partir de las preguntas ¿Cuál es la percepción de académicos y estudiantes? y ¿Cuál es el desempeño de los estudiantes? respecto a la enseñanza de histología y/o histopatología con MV en odontología. Material y métodos: Se consultaron las bases de datos: Pubmed, Scielo, Science Direct y Scopus, y 10 artículos fueron seleccionados. Resultados: La totalidad de estudios que evaluaron percepción y desempeño académico obtuvieron resultados a favor de la MV. Conclusiones: La MV tiene un futuro prometedor, pero más estudios con metodologías similares y que consideren la percepción de los académicos son requeridos.

ABSTRACT Virtual microscopy (VM) is being widely implemented in education and could lead to the replacement of light microscopy (LM). Objective: To provide a review of the literature based on the questions: What is the perception of academics and students? and What is the performance of students? regarding the teaching of histology and/or histopathology with VM in dentistry. Material and methods: The following databases were consulted: Pubmed, Scielo, Science Direct and Scopus, and 10 articles were selected. Results: All the studies that evaluated perception and academic performance obtained results in favor of VM. Conclusions: VM has a promising future, but more studies with similar methodologies and that consider the perception of academics are required.

Closing The Gap between Two Countries: Feasibility of Dissemination Of An Evidence-Based Parenting Intervention in México.

In this manuscript, we describe the initial steps of an international program of prevention research in Monterrey, México. Specifically, we present a feasibility study focused on exploring the level of acceptability reported by a group of Mexican mothers who were exposed to a culturally adapted parenting intervention originally developed in the United States. The efficacious intervention adapted in this investigation is known as Parent Management Training, the Oregon Model (PMTO(®)). Following a description of our international partnership, we describe the implementation of the pilot study aimed at determining initial feasibility. Qualitative data provided by 40 Mexican mothers exposed to the culturally adapted parenting intervention illustrate the participants' high level of receptivity toward the intervention, as well as the beneficial impact on their parenting practices.

Efficacy of a cognitive stimulation programme using technology on older adults self-esteem, self-efficacy, and autonomy / Eficacia de un programa de estimulación cognitiva con tecnología en la autoestima, autoeficacia y autonomía de adultos mayores

Abstract The objective of this study was to verify the effectiveness of a cognitive stimulation programme using technology: PESCO MX in comparison to a traditional programme that used nontechnological recreational activities to improve levels of self-esteem, self-efficacy, and autonomy in older adults. In this quasi-experimental investigation, 63 participants were divided into three groups of older adults attending three different senior day-care centres. One group was treated with technology, another without technology, and the third group received no programme. All three groups were measured pre-test and post-test. The results show a significant difference in the three variables between the technology group and the control group; however, there is no difference in the pre-test results. Another finding shows significant differences between the three groups for the self-efficacy variable; differences were also found between the group that did not use technology and the control group. There was also a difference between the group without technology and the group that used the PESCO MX (the latter being higher). In general, a cognitive stimulation programme using technology benefitted self-esteem, self-efficacy, and autonomy, which indicates that this programme can contribute to improving the quality of life during old age. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications of this study were analysed.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue comprobar la eficacia de un programa de estimulación cognitiva con tecnología: PESCO MX, frente a un programa tradicional con actividades lúdicas sin tecnología, para mejorar los niveles de autoestima, autoeficacia y autonomía en adultos mayores. En esta investigación cuasi-experimental 63 participantes fueron divididos en tres grupos de adultos mayores de tres diferentes estancias, a uno de ellos se le aplicó el programa con tecnología, a otro sin tecnología y el tercer grupo no se le suministró ningún programa; a los tres se les tomaron dos medidas pretest y postest. Los resultados muestran una diferencia significativa en las tres variables entre el grupo con tecnología y el grupo control, en el pretest no existe diferencia alguna. Otro hallazgo muestra diferencias significativas, para la variable de autoeficacia, entre los tres grupos; es decir, también se encontraron diferencias entre el grupo sin tecnología y el grupo control, además de entre el grupo sin tecnología y el grupo que utilizó el PESCO MX, siendo más alto este último. En general, la autoestima, autoeficacia y autonomía se vieron más beneficiadas a través de un programa de estimulación cognitiva con tecnología, lo que indica que este programa puede contribuir a mejorar la calidad de vida durante la vejez. Finalmente se analizaron las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas de este estudio.

Prácticas clave y conocimientos maternos de la -Estrategia AIEPI en el Ambiente Comunitario / Key practices and maternal knowledge regarding the IMCI strategy in a community setting / Práticas-chave e conhecimentos maternos da Estratégia AIEPI no Ambiente Comunitário

Resumen La estrategia de Atención Integral a Enfermedades Prevalentes de la Infancia (AIEPI) busca disminuir la enfermedad y la mortalidad en menores de 5 años, por medio de la implementación de acciones orientadas a una atención idónea, tanto en el ámbito asistencial como en el hogar y en la comunidad. El objetivo fue identificar y clasificar los reportes que se han publicado con respecto a la aplicación de las prácticas clave, y a los conocimientos maternos y de cuidadores de la estrategia AIEPI en el mundo. Se recopilaron publicaciones nacionales e internacionales, escritas en inglés y español, que estuvieran registradas en las bases de datos o fuentes de información Scielo, Bireme, Pubmed, Google académico y tesis académicas. La mayoría de los artículos presentan niveles de evidencia VII y VIII, ya que son estudios de casos y controles y descriptivos. Los estudios relacionados con conocimientos maternos evidencian las falencias que presentan los padres y/o cuidadores de los menores de 5 años, con relación a las acciones y estrategias que deben ejercer frente al manejo apropiado de las enfermedades prevalentes. Con respecto a las prácticas clave, los estudios que hicieron parte de la presente revisión de la literatura coinciden en demostrar su efectividad, en cuanto al mejoramiento de las condiciones de salud y bienestar de los menores de 5 años que son objeto de su aplicación. Los estudios concuerdan en la importancia de adelantar procesos educativos que fortalezcan el conocimiento y la aplicación de las prácticas clave, y de la estrategia en general, tanto en las comunidades como en los profesionales de la salud.

Abstract The Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy aims to reduce disease and mortality among children under five years of age through the implementation of actions aimed at providing adequate care at the medical, home and community levels. The objective was to identify and classify the reports that have been published regarding the application of key practices and the knowledge that mothers and caregivers have regarding the IMCI strategy in the world. To this end, national and international publications were collected which were written in English or Spanish and registered in databases or information sources such as Scielo, Bireme, Pubmed, Google Scholar and academic theses. The evidence levels of most papers were VII and VIII because they were case, controls and descriptive studies. The studies on maternal knowledge showed the shortcomings of parents and/or caregivers of children under five years of age concerning the actions and strategies that should be applied to appropriately manage prevalent diseases. Regarding key practices, the studies considered in this literature review are consistent in demonstrating their effectiveness in improving the health and welfare conditions among children under five years of age, on whom they are applied. The studies also agree on the importance of advancing educational processes which strengthen the knowledge and application of the key practices as well as the strategy in general, for both communities and healthcare professionals.

Resumo A estratégia de Assistência Integral a Doenças Prevalentes da Infância (AIEPI) visa diminuir doenças e a mortalidade em menores de 5 anos, por meio da implantação de ações destinadas a um atendimento idôneo, tanto no plano assistencial quanto no lar e na comunidade. O propósito foi identificar e classificar os relatórios que têm sido publicados sobre a aplicação das práticas-chave, e sobre os conhecimentos maternos e de protetores da estratégia AIEPI no mundo. Foram coletadas publicações nacionais e internacionais, escritas em inglês e espanhol, que estivessem registradas nas bases de dados ou fontes de informação Scielo, Bireme, Pubmed, Google acadêmico e teses acadêmicas. A maioria dos artigos apresentam níveis de evidência VII e VIII, pois são estudos de casos e controles e descritivos. Os estudos relacionados com conhecimentos maternos evidenciam as falhas que apresentam os pais e/ou pessoas encarregadas do cuidado dos menores de 5 anos, com relação às ações e estratégias que devem exercer diante do controle apropriado das doenças prevalentes. Com relação às práticas-chave, os estudos que fizeram parte desta revisão da literatura coincidem em demonstrar a sua efetividade, quanto à melhora das condições de saúde e bem-estar dos menores de 5 anos que são objeto da sua aplicação. Os estudos concordam na importância de se desenvolver processos educativos que fortaleçam o conhecimento e a aplicação das práticas-chave, e da estratégia em geral, tanto nas comunidades quanto nos profissionais da saúde.