RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with hepatocellular cancer (HCC) on the waiting list for liver transplantation may be associated with an increased risk for hepatic artery complications. The present study aims to assess the risk for, primarily, intraoperative technical hepatic artery problems and, secondarily, postoperative hepatic artery complications encountered in patients who received TACE before liver transplantation. METHODS: Available data from HCC liver transplantation recipients across six European centres from January 2007 to December 2018 were analysed in a 1 : 1 propensity score-matched cohort (TACE versus no TACE). Incidences of intraoperative hepatic artery interventions and postoperative hepatic artery complications were compared. RESULTS: Data on postoperative hepatic artery complications were available in all 876 patients (425 patients with TACE and 451 patients without TACE). Fifty-eight (6.6 per cent) patients experienced postoperative hepatic artery complications. In total 253 patients who had undergone TACE could be matched to controls. In the matched cohort TACE was not associated with a composite of hepatic artery complications (OR 1.73, 95 per cent c.i. 0.82 to 3.63, P = 0.149). Data on intraoperative hepatic artery interventions were available in 825 patients (422 patients with TACE and 403 without TACE). Intraoperative hepatic artery interventions were necessary in 69 (8.4 per cent) patients. In the matched cohort TACE was not associated with an increased incidence of intraoperative hepatic artery interventions (OR 0.94, 95 per cent c.i. 0.49 to 1.83, P = 0.870). CONCLUSION: In otherwise matched patients with HCC intended for liver transplantation, TACE treatment before transplantation was not associated with higher risk of technical vascular issues or hepatic artery complications.
Lay Summary Patients with liver cancer may be treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) during the period on the transplant waiting list. With TACE, chemotherapeutic coils are injected directly into the small arteries supplying the tumour, after which these vessels are closed. The aim of this therapy is to decrease the tumour size and slow down tumour growth. However, concerns are raised that manipulation of the main hepatic artery by TACE may cause damage to the artery itself. If this would result in problems during or after liver transplantation when the artery is connected to the artery supplying the donor liver, this may endanger the donor liver graft survival. The present study shows no increased risk in problems to connect the artery during liver transplantation after TACE treatment. Also, arterial complications after liver transplantation did not occur more frequently if patients had received TACE treatment. The authors therefore conclude that TACE treatment before liver transplantation could be considered a safe approach.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Quimioembolización Terapéutica/métodos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Trasplante de Hígado/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Cuidados Preoperatorios/métodos , Enfermedades Vasculares/etiología , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Femenino , Arteria Hepática , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Puntaje de Propensión , Factores de Riesgo , Tasa de Supervivencia/tendencias , Enfermedades Vasculares/epidemiología , Listas de EsperaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: When the blood supply ceases in a deceased organ donor, ischaemic injury starts. Kidneys are cooled to reduce cellular metabolism and minimize ischaemic injury. This cooling is slow and kidneys are lukewarm during nephrectomy. Smaller single-centre studies have shown that prolonged donor nephrectomy time decreases early kidney transplant function, but the effect on long-term outcome has never been investigated in large multicentre cohort studies. METHODS: The relationship between donor nephrectomy time and death-censored graft survival was evaluated in recipients of single adult-to-adult, first-time deceased-donor kidneys transplanted in the Eurotransplant region between 2004 and 2013. RESULTS: A total of 13 914 recipients were included. Median donor nephrectomy time was 51 (i.q.r. 39-65) min. Kidneys donated after circulatory death had longer nephrectomy times than those from brain-dead donors: median 57 (43-78) versus 50 (39-64) min respectively (P < 0·001). Donor nephrectomy time was independently associated with graft loss when kidneys were donated after circulatory death: adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1·05 (95 per cent c.i. 1·01 to 1·09) per 10-min increase (P = 0·026). The magnitude of this effect was comparable to the effect of each hour of additional cold ischaemia: HR 1·04 (1·01 to 1·07) per h (P = 0·004). For kidneys donated after brain death, there was no effect of nephrectomy time on graft survival: adjusted HR 1·01 (0·98 to 1·04) per 10 min (P = 0·464). CONCLUSION: Prolonged donor nephrectomy time impairs graft outcome in kidneys donated after circulatory death. Keeping this short, together with efficient cooling during nephrectomy, might improve outcome.
ANTECEDENTES: La lesión por isquemia empieza en el momento que cesa la irrigación sanguínea del órgano donante. Para reducir el metabolismo celular y la lesión isquémica se reduce la temperatura de los riñones. Este enfriamiento es lento y los riñones se mantienen tibios durante la nefrectomía. Estudios unicéntricos con muestras pequeñas han demostrado que el tiempo de la nefrectomía del donante disminuye la función precoz del injerto renal, pero nunca se ha analizado su repercusión a largo plazo en grandes estudios multicéntricos. MÉTODOS: Se analizó la relación entre la duración de la nefrectomía del donante y la supervivencia del injerto en 13.914 adultos receptores de un primer riñón procedente de donante cadavérico adulto en la región de Eurotransplant entre los años 2004 y 2013. RESULTADOS: La mediana de duración de la nefrectomía del donante fue de 51 minutos (rango intercuartílico 39-65). En los riñones obtenidos en donantes a corazón parado la duración de la nefrectomía fue más prolongada que en los donantes en muerte cerebral (mediana 57 min (43-78 min) versus 50 min (39-64 min), P < 0,001). La duración de la nefrectomía en el donante se asoció de forma independiente con la pérdida del injerto (cociente de riesgos instantáneos, hazard ratio, HR, ajustado 1,05 por cada incremento de 10 minutos, i.c. del 95%: 1,01 a 1,09; P = 0,026) cuando los riñones se obtuvieron en donantes en parada cardíaca. La magnitud de este efecto fue comparable al efecto de cada hora adicional de isquemia fría (1,04, i.c. 95% 1,01-1,07, P = 0,004). En los riñones obtenidos de donantes en muerte cerebral, la duración de la nefrectomía no influyó en la supervivencia del injerto (HR ajustada 1,01 por aumento de 10 min, i.c. del 95%: 0,98 a 1,04). CONCLUSIÓN: La duración de la nefrectomía en donantes a corazón parado afecta la función de los injertos trasplantados. Reducir esta duración y disponer de un sistema de enfriamiento eficiente durante la nefrectomía podría mejorar los resultados.
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Rechazo de Injerto/etiología , Trasplante de Riñón/métodos , Nefrectomía/estadística & datos numéricos , Donantes de Tejidos , Recolección de Tejidos y Órganos/métodos , Anciano , Muerte Encefálica/fisiopatología , Isquemia Fría/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Circulatory death donor (DCD) kidney transplantations are steadily increasing. Consensus reports recommend limiting donor warm ischemia time (DWIT) in DCD donation, although an independent effect on graft outcome has not been demonstrated. We investigated death-censored graft survival in 18 065 recipients of deceased-donor kidney transplants in the Eurotransplant region: 1059 DCD and 17 006 brain-dead donor (DBD) kidney recipients. DWIT was defined as time from circulatory arrest until cold flush. DCD donation was an independent risk factor for graft failure (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.28, 95% CI 1.10-1.46), due to an increased risk of primary nonfunction (62/1059 vs 560/17 006; P < .0001). With DWIT in the model, DCD donation was no longer a risk factor, demonstrating that DWIT explains the inferior graft survival of DCD kidneys. Indeed, DCD transplants with short DWIT have graft survival comparable to that of standard-criteria DBD transplants (P = .59). DWIT also associated with graft failure in DCDs (adjusted HR 1.20 per 10-minute increase, 95% CI 1.03-1.42). At 5 years after transplantation, graft failure occurred in 14 of 133 recipients (10.5%) with DWIT <10 minutes, 139 of 555 recipients (25.0%) with DWIT between 10 and 19 minutes, and 117 of 371 recipients (31.5%) with DWIT ≥20 minutes. These findings support the expert opinion-based guidelines to limit DWIT.
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Muerte Encefálica , Selección de Donante , Rechazo de Injerto/etiología , Isquemia/fisiopatología , Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , Donantes de Tejidos/provisión & distribución , Isquemia Tibia/efectos adversos , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Supervivencia de Injerto , Humanos , Fallo Renal Crónico/cirugía , Pruebas de Función Renal , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Obtención de Tejidos y ÓrganosRESUMEN
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after liver transplant (LTx) is a rare complication with a high mortality rate. Recently, monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment, specifically with anti-interleukin 2 receptor antibodies (IL2RAb) and anti-tumor necrosis factor-α antibodies (TNFAb), has gained increasing interest. However, evidence is mostly limited to case reports and the efficacy remains unclear. Here, we describe 5 patients with LTx-associated GVHD from our center and provide the results of our systematic literature review to evaluate the potential therapeutic benefit of IL2RAb/TNFAb treatment. Of the combined population of 155 patients (5 in our center and 150 through systematic search), 24 were given mAb (15.5%)-4 with TNFAb (2.6%) and 17 with IL2RAb (11%) ("mAb group")-and compared with patients who received other treatments (referred to as "no-mAb group"). Two-sided Fisher exact tests revealed a better survival when comparing treatment with mAb versus no-mAb (11/24 vs 27/131; P = .018), TNFAb versus no-mAb (3/4 vs 27/131; P = .034), and IL2RAb versus no-mAb (8/17 vs 27/131; P = .029). This systematic review suggests a beneficial effect of mAb treatment and a promising role for TNFAb and IL2RAb as a first-line strategy to treat LTx-associated acute GVHD.
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Anticuerpos Monoclonales/uso terapéutico , Rechazo de Injerto/mortalidad , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/mortalidad , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/antagonistas & inhibidores , Trasplante de Hígado/mortalidad , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Rechazo de Injerto/tratamiento farmacológico , Rechazo de Injerto/etiología , Supervivencia de Injerto , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/etiología , Humanos , Trasplante de Hígado/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Ischaemia-reperfusion injury is inevitable during renal transplantation and can lead to delayed graft function and primary non-function. Preconditioning, reconditioning and postconditioning with argon and xenon protects against renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rodent models. The hypothesis that postconditioning with argon or xenon inhalation would improve graft function in a porcine renal autotransplant model was tested. METHODS: Pigs (n = 6 per group) underwent left nephrectomy after 60 min of warm ischaemia (renal artery and vein clamping). The procured kidney was autotransplanted in a separate procedure after 18 h of cold storage, immediately after a right nephrectomy. Upon reperfusion, pigs were randomized to inhalation of control gas (70 per cent nitrogen and 30 per cent oxygen), argon (70 per cent and 30 per cent oxygen) or xenon (70 per cent and 30 per cent oxygen) for 2 h. The primary outcome parameter was peak plasma creatinine; secondary outcome parameters included further markers of graft function (creatinine course, urine output), graft injury (aspartate aminotransferase, heart-type fatty acid-binding protein, histology), apoptosis and autophagy (western blot, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) staining), inflammatory mediators and markers of cell survival/growth (mRNA and tissue protein quantification), and animal survival. Results are presented as median (i.q.r.). ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used where indicated. RESULTS: Peak plasma creatinine levels were similar between the groups: control 20·8 (16·4-23·1) mg/dl, argon 21·4 (17·1-24·9) mg/dl and xenon 19·4 (17·5-21·0) mg/dl (P = 0·607). Xenon was associated with an increase in autophagy and proapoptotic markers. Creatinine course, urine output, injury markers, histology, survival and inflammatory mediators were not affected by the intervention. CONCLUSION: Postconditioning with argon or xenon did not improve kidney graft function in this experimental model. Surgical relevance Ischaemia-reperfusion injury is inevitable during renal transplantation and can lead to delayed graft function and primary non-function. Based on mainly small animal experiments, noble gases (argon and xenon) have been proposed to minimize this ischaemia-reperfusion injury and improve outcomes after transplantation. The hypothesis that postconditioning with argon or xenon inhalation would improve graft function was tested in a porcine kidney autotransplantation model. The peak plasma creatinine concentration was similar in the control, argon and xenon groups. No other secondary outcome parameters, including animal survival, were affected by the intervention. Xenon was associated with an increase in autophagy and proapoptotic markers. Despite promising results in small animal models, postconditioning with argon or xenon in a translational model of kidney autotransplantation was not beneficial. Clinical trials would require better results.
Asunto(s)
Argón/farmacología , Supervivencia de Injerto/efectos de los fármacos , Poscondicionamiento Isquémico/métodos , Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , Xenón/farmacología , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Femenino , Poscondicionamiento Isquémico/efectos adversos , Riñón/fisiopatología , Riñón/cirugía , Pruebas de Función Renal/métodos , Trasplante de Riñón/métodos , Modelos Animales , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Daño por Reperfusión/prevención & control , Tasa de Supervivencia , Porcinos , Trasplante Autólogo/efectos adversos , Trasplante Autólogo/métodosRESUMEN
Recent studies raised the concern that warm ischemia during completion of vascular anastomoses in kidney implantation harms the transplant, but its precise impact on outcome and its interaction with other risk factors remain to be established. We investigated the relationship between anastomosis time and graft survival at 5 years after transplantation in 13 964 recipients of deceased donor solitary kidney transplants in the Eurotransplant region. Anastomosis time was independently associated with graft loss after adjusting for other risk factors (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.10 for every 10-min increase, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.14; p < 0.0001), whereas it did not influence recipient survival (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.97-1.02). Kidneys from donation after circulatory death (DCD) were less tolerant of prolonged anastomosis time than kidneys from donation after brain death (p = 0.02 for interaction). The additive effect of anastomosis time with donor warm ischemia time (WIT) explains this observation because DCD status was no longer associated with graft survival when adjusted for this summed WIT, and there was no interaction between DCD status and summed WIT. Time to create the vascular anastomoses in kidney transplantation is associated with inferior transplant outcome, especially in recipients of DCD kidneys.
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Anastomosis Quirúrgica/efectos adversos , Rechazo de Injerto/etiología , Fallo Renal Crónico/cirugía , Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , Obtención de Tejidos y Órganos/normas , Isquemia Tibia/efectos adversos , Adulto , Anciano , Muerte Encefálica , Estudios de Cohortes , Selección de Donante , Europa (Continente) , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Supervivencia de Injerto , Humanos , Pruebas de Función Renal , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Factores de Riesgo , Donantes de TejidosRESUMEN
Intestinal transplantation (ITx) remains challenged by frequent/severe rejections and immunosuppression-related complications (infections/malignancies/drug toxicity). We developed the Leuven Immunomodulatory Protocol (LIP) in the lab and translated it to the clinics. LIP consists of experimentally proven maneuvers, destined to promote T-regulatory (Tregs)-dependent graft-protective mechanisms: donor-specific blood transfusion (DSBT); avoiding high-dose steroids/calcineurin-inhibitors; and minimizing reperfusion injury and endotoxin translocation. LIP was tested in 13 consecutive ITx from deceased donors (2000-2014) (observational cohort study). Recipient age was 37 years (2.8-57 years). Five-year graft/patient survival was 92%. One patient died at 9 months due to aspergillosis, another at 12 years due to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced enteropathy. Early acute rejection (AR) developed in two (15%); late AR in three (23%); all were reversible. No chronic rejection (CR) occurred. No malignancies developed and estimated glomerular filtration rate remained stable post-Tx. At last follow-up (3.5 years [0.5-12.5 years]), no donor-specific antibodies were detected and 11 survivors were total parenteral nutrition free with a Karnofsky score >90% in 8 recipients (follow-up >1 years). A high frequency of circulating CD4+ CD45RA- Foxp3hi memory Tregs was found (1.8% [1.39-2.21]), comparable to tolerant kidney transplant (KTx) recipients and superior to stable immunosuppression (IS)-KTx, KTx with CR, and healthy volunteers. In this ITx cohort we show that DSBT in a low-inflammatory/pro-regulatory environment activates Tregs at levels similar to tolerant-KTx, without causing sensitization. LIP limits rejection under reduced IS and thereby prolongs long-term survival to an extent not previously attained after ITx.
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Rechazo de Injerto/mortalidad , Supervivencia de Injerto/inmunología , Tolerancia Inmunológica/inmunología , Enfermedades Intestinales/cirugía , Intestinos/trasplante , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Transfusión Sanguínea , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Rechazo de Injerto/inmunología , Rechazo de Injerto/prevención & control , Humanos , Terapia de Inmunosupresión , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Factores de Riesgo , Tasa de Supervivencia , Donantes de Tejidos , Trasplante Homólogo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: Bone loss and vascular calcification coincide in patients with end-stage renal disease, similar as to what is observed in the general population. In the present bone biopsy study, we provide further evidence that (micro-)inflammation may represent a common soil for both diseases. INTRODUCTION: Vascular calcification is a common complication of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and is predictive of subsequent cardiovascular disease and mortality. Mounting evidence linking bone disorders with vascular calcification has contributed to the development of the concept of the bone-vascular axis. Inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of both disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between aortic calcification, inflammation, and bone histomorphometry in patients with ESRD. METHODS: Parameters of inflammation and mineral metabolism were assessed in 81 ESRD patients (55 ± 13 year, 68 % male) referred for renal transplantation. Static bone histomorphometry parameters were determined on transiliac bone biopsies performed during the transplant procedure. Aortic calcification was quantified on lateral lumbar X-rays using the Kauppila method. RESULTS: Aortic calcification, low bone turnover, and low bone area were observed in 53, 37, and 21 % of patients respectively. Inflammatory markers were found to be independently associated with aortic calcification (hsIL-6) and low bone area (TNF-α). Low bone area associated with aortic calcification, independent of age, diabetes, and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Low bone area and inflammation associates with aortic calcification, independent of each other and traditional risk factors. Our data emphasize the role of (micro-)inflammation in the bone-vascular axis in CKD.
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Enfermedades de la Aorta/etiología , Inflamación/complicaciones , Fallo Renal Crónico/complicaciones , Osteoporosis/etiología , Calcificación Vascular/etiología , Adulto , Anciano , Biopsia , Remodelación Ósea/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Ilion/patología , Inflamación/fisiopatología , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Fallo Renal Crónico/fisiopatología , Fallo Renal Crónico/cirugía , Trasplante de Riñón , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteoporosis/patología , Osteoporosis/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Efficacy and safety of protein kinase C inhibitor sotrastaurin (STN) with tacrolimus (TAC) was assessed in a 24-month, multicenter, phase II study in de novo liver transplant recipients. A total of 204 patients were randomized (1:1:1:1) to STN 200 mg b.i.d. + standard-exposure TAC (n = 50) or reduced-exposure TAC (n = 52), STN 300 mg b.i.d. + reduced-exposure TAC (n = 50), or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) 1 g b.i.d. + standard-exposure TAC (control, n = 52); all with steroids. Owing to premature study termination, treatment comparisons were only conducted for Month 6. At Month 6, composite efficacy failure rates (treated biopsy-proven acute rejection episodes of Banff grade ≥1, graft loss, or death) were 25.0%, 16.5%, 20.9% and 15.9% for STN 200 mg + standard TAC, STN 200 mg + reduced TAC, STN 300 mg + reduced TAC and control groups, respectively. Median estimated glomerular filtration rates were 84.0, 83.3, 81.1 and 75.3 mL/min/1.73 m(2), respectively. Gastrointestinal events (constipation, diarrhea, and nausea), infection, and tachycardia were more frequent in STN groups. More patients in STN groups experienced serious adverse events compared with the control group (62.3-70.8% vs. 51.9%). STN-based regimens were associated with a higher efficacy failure rate and higher incidence of adverse events with no significant difference in renal function between the groups.
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Inhibidores Enzimáticos/administración & dosificación , Fallo Hepático/cirugía , Trasplante de Hígado/métodos , Proteína Quinasa C/antagonistas & inhibidores , Pirroles/administración & dosificación , Quinazolinas/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Anciano , Biopsia , Femenino , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Rechazo de Injerto , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/administración & dosificación , Incidencia , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Trasplante de Riñón , Fallo Hepático/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tacrolimus/administración & dosificación , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Multivisceral transplantation (MvTx) for diffuse venous portomesenteric thrombosis is a surgically and anesthesiologically challenging procedure, partly because of the risk of massive bleeding during visceral exenteration. Preoperative visceral artery embolization might reduce this risk. In three consecutive MvTx, the celiac trunk (CT) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) were embolized immediately pretransplant. We analyzed demographics, serum D-lactate, pH, base excess, hemoglobin, blood pressure, transfused packed cell (PC) units, intervention time and outcome. Results are reported as median (range). All recipients were male (43, 22, 47 years old). Portomesenteric thrombosis followed antiphospholipid syndrome, neuroendocrine tumor and liver cirrhosis. A peritransplant D-lactate peak of 6.1 (5.1-7.6) mmol/L, lowest pH of 7.24 (7.18-7.36) and lowest base excess level of -9.5 (-7.6 to -11.5) were observed. Values normalized within 3 h posttransplant. Embolization and exenteration times were 80 (70-90) min and 140 (130-165) min, respectively, during which blood pressure remained stable, lowest hemoglobin was 6.1 (6.1-7.6) g/dL and three (2-4) PC were administered. All procedures were uneventful. Follow-up was 7 (4-9) months. The first patient died 4 months post-MvTx after an intracranial bleeding; the other patients are doing well. Our experience suggests that preoperative embolization of CT and SMA facilitates native organ resection in MvTx.
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Pérdida de Sangre Quirúrgica/prevención & control , Embolización Terapéutica/métodos , Isquemia Mesentérica/diagnóstico por imagen , Vena Porta/diagnóstico por imagen , Trombosis de la Vena/cirugía , Vísceras/trasplante , Adulto , Bélgica , Terapia Combinada , Estudios de Seguimiento , Supervivencia de Injerto , Humanos , Masculino , Isquemia Mesentérica/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trasplante de Órganos/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Órganos/métodos , Exenteración Pélvica/métodos , Vena Porta/patología , Cuidados Preoperatorios/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Muestreo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Receptores de Trasplantes , Resultado del Tratamiento , Trombosis de la Vena/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Between 2003 and 2012, 42 869 first liver transplantations performed in Europe with the use of either University of Wisconsin solution (UW; N = 24 562), histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate(HTK; N = 8696), Celsior solution (CE; N = 7756) or Institute Georges Lopez preservation solution (IGL-1; N = 1855) preserved grafts. Alternative solutions to the UW were increasingly used during the last decade. Overall, 3-year graft survival was higher with UW, IGL-1 and CE (75%, 75% and 73%, respectively), compared to the HTK (69%) (p < 0.0001). The same trend was observed with a total ischemia time (TIT) >12 h or grafts used for patients with cancer (p < 0.0001). For partial grafts, 3-year graft survival was 89% for IGL-1, 67% for UW, 68% for CE and 64% for HTK (p = 0.009). Multivariate analysis identified HTK as an independent factor of graft loss, with recipient HIV (+), donor age ≥65 years, recipient HCV (+), main disease acute hepatic failure, use of a partial liver graft, recipient age ≥60 years, no identical ABO compatibility, recipient hepatitis B surface antigen (-), TIT ≥ 12 h, male recipient and main disease other than cirrhosis. HTK appears to be an independent risk factor of graft loss. Both UW and IGL-1, and CE to a lesser extent, provides similar results for full size grafts. For partial deceased donor liver grafts, IGL-1 tends to offer the best graft outcome.
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Rechazo de Injerto/epidemiología , Supervivencia de Injerto/fisiología , Trasplante de Hígado/métodos , Hígado/fisiología , Soluciones Preservantes de Órganos , Adenosina , Adulto , Alopurinol , Disacáridos , Electrólitos , Europa (Continente) , Femenino , Glucosa , Glutamatos , Glutatión , Histidina , Humanos , Incidencia , Insulina , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Manitol , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Cloruro de Potasio , Procaína , Rafinosa , Sistema de Registros , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: DIAMOND: multicenter, 24-week, randomized trial investigating the effect of different once-daily, prolonged-release tacrolimus dosing regimens on renal function after de novo liver transplantation. Arm 1: prolonged-release tacrolimus (initial dose 0.2mg/kg/day); Arm 2: prolonged-release tacrolimus (0.15-0.175mg/kg/day) plus basiliximab; Arm 3: prolonged-release tacrolimus (0.2mg/kg/day delayed until Day 5) plus basiliximab. All patients received MMF plus a bolus of corticosteroid (no maintenance steroids). PRIMARY ENDPOINT: eGFR (MDRD4) at Week 24. Secondary endpoints: composite efficacy failure, BCAR and AEs. Baseline characteristics were comparable. Tacrolimus trough levels were readily achieved posttransplant; initially lower in Arm 2 versus 1 with delayed initiation in Arm 3. eGFR (MDRD4) was higher in Arms 2 and 3 versus 1 (p = 0.001, p = 0.047). Kaplan-Meier estimates of composite efficacy failure-free survival were 72.0%, 77.6%, 73.9% in Arms 1-3. BCAR incidence was significantly lower in Arm 2 versus 1 and 3 (p = 0.016, p = 0.039). AEs were comparable. Prolonged-release tacrolimus (0.15-0.175mg/kg/day) immediately posttransplant plus basiliximab and MMF (without maintenance corticosteroids) was associated with lower tacrolimus exposure, and significantly reduced renal function impairment and BCAR incidence versus prolonged-release tacrolimus (0.2mg/kg/day) administered immediately posttransplant. Delayed higher-dose prolonged-release tacrolimus initiation significantly reduced renal function impairment compared with immediate posttransplant administration, but BCAR incidence was comparable.
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Rechazo de Injerto/tratamiento farmacológico , Supervivencia de Injerto/fisiología , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Hepatopatías/cirugía , Trasplante de Hígado , Hígado/fisiología , Tacrolimus/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Rechazo de Injerto/patología , Humanos , Pruebas de Función Renal , Hepatopatías/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Pronóstico , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare vascular tumor with variable biological and clinical behavior. There is increasing experience with liver transplantation (LiTx) for hepatic EHE, even in cases of extrahepatic disease localization. Until now, no cases of lung transplantation (LuTx) had been reported for pulmonary EHE. This report describes three cases of EHE with multifocal disease in patients who underwent either serial or combined LiTx and LuTx.
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Hemangioendotelioma Epitelioide/cirugía , Trasplante de Hígado , Trasplante de Pulmón , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
Whether warm ischemia during the time to complete the vascular anastomoses determines renal allograft function has not been investigated systematically. We investigated the effect of anastomosis time on allograft outcome in 669 first, single kidney transplantations from brain-dead donors. Anastomosis time independently increased the risk of delayed graft function (odds ratio per minute [OR] 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.07, p < 0.001) and independently impaired allograft function after transplantation (p = 0.009, mixed-models repeated-measures analysis). In a subgroup of transplant recipients, protocol-specified biopsies at 3 months (n = 186), 1 year (n = 189), and 2 years (n = 153) were blindly reviewed. Prolonged anastomosis time independently increased the risk of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy on these protocol-specified biopsies posttransplant (p < 0.001, generalized linear models). In conclusion, prolonged anastomosis time is not only detrimental for renal allograft outcome immediately after transplantation, also longer-term allograft function and histology are affected by the duration of this warm ischemia.
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Muerte Encefálica , Funcionamiento Retardado del Injerto/patología , Rechazo de Injerto/patología , Trasplante de Riñón/métodos , Tempo Operativo , Adulto , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/métodos , Bélgica , Estudios de Cohortes , Funcionamiento Retardado del Injerto/fisiopatología , Femenino , Fibrosis/etiología , Fibrosis/patología , Rechazo de Injerto/mortalidad , Supervivencia de Injerto , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Riñón/mortalidad , Necrosis Tubular Aguda/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Nefrectomía/métodos , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Estudios Retrospectivos , Donantes de Tejidos , Receptores de Trasplantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Trasplante Homólogo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Isolated lung transplantation (LuTx) and liver transplantation are established treatments for irreversible lung and liver failure. Combined liver and lung transplantation (cLiLuTx) is a less common, but approved therapy of combined organ failure, mostly applied in patients suffering from progressive cystic fibrosis and advanced liver disease. We report a patient who was listed for LuTx due to end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and who developed drug-induced acute hepatic failure. The only therapeutic option was hyper-urgent cLiLuTx. To correct the poor coagulation in order to reduce the per-operative risk of bleeding, the liver was transplanted first. In anticipation of the longer lung preservation time, cold flushed lungs were preserved on a portable lung perfusion device for ex vivo normothermic perfusion for 11 h 15 min, transplanted sequentially off-pump, and reperfused after a total ex vivo time of 13 h 32 min and 16 h for the first and second lung, respectively. Ten months later, the patient is doing well and no rejection occurred. Normothermic ex vivo lung perfusion may help to prolong preservation time, facilitating long-distance transport and combined organ transplantation.
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Enfisema/cirugía , Fallo Hepático/cirugía , Trasplante de Hígado , Trasplante de Pulmón , Enfisema/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Fallo Hepático/complicaciones , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease whereas indications for intestinal transplantation are currently restricted to patients with irreversible small bowel failure and severe complications of total parenteral nutrition (mostly shortage and infection of venous accesses, major electrolyte disturbances and liver failure). Enteric hyperoxaluria is secondary to certain intestinal diseases like intestinal resections, chronic inflammatory bowel disease and other malabsorption syndromes and can lead to end-stage renal disease requiring kidney transplantation. We report two patients suffering from renal failure due to enteric hyperoxaluria (secondary to extensive intestinal resection) in whom we elected to replace not only the kidney but also the intestine to prevent recurrence of hyperoxaluria in the transplanted kidney.
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Hiperoxaluria/cirugía , Intestino Delgado/trasplante , Fallo Renal Crónico/cirugía , Trasplante de Riñón/métodos , Síndrome del Intestino Corto/cirugía , Adulto , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Hiperoxaluria/complicaciones , Fallo Renal Crónico/etiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Síndrome del Intestino Corto/complicacionesRESUMEN
Static cold storage (CS) is the most widely used organ preservation method for deceased donor kidney grafts but there is increasing evidence that hypothermic machine perfusion (MP) may result in better outcome after transplantation. We performed an economic evaluation of MP versus CS alongside a multicenter RCT investigating short- and long-term cost-effectiveness. Three hundred thirty-six consecutive kidney pairs were included, one of which was assigned to MP and one to CS. The economic evaluation combined the short-term results based on the empirical data from the study with a Markov model with a 10-year time horizon. Direct medical costs of hospital stay, dialysis treatment, and complications were included. Data regarding long-term survival, quality of life, and long-term costs were derived from literature. The short-term evaluation showed that MP reduced the risk of delayed graft function and graft failure at lower costs than CS. The Markov model revealed cost savings of $86,750 per life-year gained in favor of MP. The corresponding incremental cost-utility ratio was minus $496,223 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. We conclude that life-years and QALYs can be gained while reducing costs at the same time, when kidneys are preserved by MP instead of CS.
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Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Criopreservación/economía , Hipotermia Inducida , Trasplante de Riñón , Preservación de Órganos/métodos , Humanos , Cadenas de Markov , Preservación de Órganos/economíaRESUMEN
We present the case of a 50-year-old patient in whom an anastomotic biliary stricture after liver transplantation was treated endoscopically by sphincterotomy, dilatation and stenting using a plastic biliary stent. A distal migration of the stent caused a perforation of the rectum which was treated following stent extraction per anum -- conservatively with antibiotics and temporary bowel rest.
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Perforación Intestinal/diagnóstico , Perforación Intestinal/etiología , Trasplante de Hígado/efectos adversos , Enfermedades del Recto/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Recto/etiología , Stents/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Perforación Intestinal/terapia , Cirrosis Hepática Alcohólica/terapia , Trasplante de Hígado/instrumentación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades del Recto/terapiaRESUMEN
Vascular renal resistance (RR) during hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) is frequently used in kidney graft quality assessment. However, the association between RR and outcome has never been prospectively validated. Prospectively collected RR values of 302 machine-perfused deceased donor kidneys of all types (standard and extended criteria donor kidneys and kidneys donated after cardiac death), transplanted without prior knowledge of these RR values, were studied. In this cohort, we determined the association between RR and delayed graft function (DGF) and 1-year graft survival. The RR (mmHg/mL/min) at the end of HMP was an independent risk factor for DGF (odds ratio 38.1 [1.56-934]; p = 0.026) [corrected] but the predictive value of RR was low, reflected by a c-statistic of the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.58. The RR was also found to be an independent risk factor for 1-year graft failure (hazard ratio 12.33 [1.11-136.85]; p = 0.004). Determinants of transplant outcome are multifactorial in nature and this study identifies RR as an additional parameter to take into account when evaluating graft quality and estimating the likelihood of successful outcome. However, RR as a stand-alone quality assessment tool cannot be used to predict outcome with sufficient precision.
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Hipotermia Inducida , Riñón , Donantes de Tejidos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Humanos , Trasplante de Riñón , Persona de Mediana Edad , Perfusión , Pronóstico , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Kidney transplantation has become the treatment of choice for children with end-stage renal disease and offers recipients an excellent quality of life. Following kidney transplantation several types of medical and surgical complications can arise. In this report, a testicular torsion occurring on the sixth day after pediatric kidney transplantation is described. It remains unclear whether this unusual complication should be regarded as coincidental or as a direct consequence of the transplantation.