Undergraduate neurology teaching: Comparison of an inpatient versus outpatient clinical setting.

BACKGROUND: Neurology is often perceived as a difficult discipline by medical students, yet it is an essential part of medical training. While the most common disorders of the nervous system can be observed in the outpatient setting, positive neurological signs are more likely to be found in neurology wards. We aimed to compare the impact of a neurology outpatient versus inpatient rotation setting on the grades obtained by medical students as a proxy measure of the learning outcomes. METHODS: We compared the results obtained by fourth year medical students in practical (OSCE) and multiple choice question (MCQ) exams in neurology, between students whose main (total of 24 h contact) teaching allocation was either the outpatient or inpatient setting, controlling for students' gender, teacher, academic year and student' previous achievement (measured by their scores on practical evaluation). RESULTS: A total of 1127 students were included, of whom 644 (57.14%) were allocated mainly to the neurology ward and 483 (42.86%) to the outpatient clinic. Students assigned to the ward obtained significantly higher grades in the OSCE and MCQ exams than those placed in the outpatient clinic. Teaching setting was an independent predictor of both classifications after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: The teaching setting had a significant impact on the learning outcomes. This may be due to a higher likelihood of observing abnormal neurological signs or to more student-centered teaching on the ward. These results highlight the importance of a balanced distribution of students by different clinical settings.

A construção da escuta-flânerie: uma pesquisa psicanalítica com socioeducadores / The creation of listening-flânerie: a psychoanalytic study with socioeducators / La construction de l'écoute-flânerie: une recherche psychanalytique avec des socioéducateurs / La construcción de la escucha-flânerie: una investigación psicoanalítica con socioeducadores

Resumo A partir de rodas de conversa com adolescentes acautelados em uma instituição socioeducativa, desenvolvidas pelo Núcleo de Pesquisa no qual esta investigação está inserida, decidimos ampliar os espaços de escuta aos agentes socioeducadores. A apresentação massiva de real, por meio da estética do lugar, das cenas presenciadas na instituição e de algumas narrativas dos agentes, foi sendo engendrada a partir de dois pressupostos teóricos: a escuta psicanalítica e a leitura benjaminiana da posição do flâneur de Baudelaire. O flâneur, como aquele que imprime um tempo distendido à urgência, foi tomado como o correspondente corporal para a atenção flutuante. Nesse sentido, a psicanálise e a flânerie conjugaram-se a fim de abrir espaços de narração por meio dos quais os sujeitos podiam retomar pontos extraviados da história social e da sua própria. O escrito apresenta a escuta-flânerie como um modo de a escuta e a pesquisa psicanalítica estarem presentes também nesses sítios.

Abstract The creation of circles for conversation between cautious teenagers of a socio-educational institution promoted by the respective Research Center of this study allowed us to widen the spaces of listening to socioeducators. The massive presentation of reality using the location aesthetics, the scenes witnessed in the institution and narratives provided by these actors was based on two theoretical assumptions: psychoanalytic listening and Benjamin's reading of Baudelaire's flâneur position. The flâneur, as the one who imprints a distended time into urgency, was considered the physical correspondent for floating attention. Psychoanalysis and flânerie were combined to free spaces for narration, through which educators could revisit lost points of social history and their own history. Lastly, this text presents listening-flânerie as another way for listening and psychoanalytic research to be present in such scenarios.

Résumé Dès les Roues de Conversation avec les adolescents pris en charge dans un établissement socio-éducatif, développé par le Centre de recherche dans lequel cette recherche est insérée, nous avons décidé d'élargir les espaces d'écoute des agents socio-éducateurs. La présentation massive de la réalité, à travers l'esthétique du lieu, les scènes observées dans l'institution et quelques récits des agents, a été engendrée par deux présupposés théoriques : l'écoute psychanalytique et la lecture par Benjamin de la position du flâneur baudelairien. Le flâneur, comme celui qui imprime un temps distendu à l'urgence, a été pris comme correspondant corporel pour l'attention flottante. En ce sens, la psychanalyse et la flânerie ont été conjuguées afin d'ouvrir des espaces de narration, à travers lesquels les sujets pourraient reprendre des points perdus de l'histoire sociale et des leurs propres histoires. L'écriture présente l'écoute-flânerie comme un moyen pour l'écoute et la recherche psychanalytique être aussi présent dans ces sites.

Resumen A partir de rondas de conversación con adolescentes acautelados en una institución socioeducativa, desarrolladas por el Núcleo de Investigación en el cual se inserta esta investigación, decidimos ampliar los espacios de escucha a los agentes socioeducadores. La presentación masiva del real mediante la estética del lugar de las escenas presenciadas en la institución y de algunas narrativas de los agentes fueron manejadas a partir de dos presupuestos teóricos: la escucha psicoanalítica y la lectura benjaminiana de la posición del flâneur de Baudelaire. El flâneur, como el que imprime un tiempo distendido a la urgencia, se tomó como el correspondiente corporal para la atención flotante. En este sentido, el psicoanálisis y la flânerie se conjugaron a fin de abrir espacios de narración, a través de los cuales los sujetos pueden retomar puntos extraviados de la historia social y de su propia historia. El texto presenta la escucha-flânerie como un modo de que la escucha y la investigación psicoanalítica están presentes también en estos sitios.

Sofrimento nos enfermeiros em cuidados de saúde primários / Suffering in primary care nurses / Sufrimiento de los enfermeros de atención primaria de la salud

Enquadramento: O sofrimento nos enfermeiros advém da prestação de cuidados ao doente em sofrimento e de fatores relacionados com as condições de trabalho. É uma experiência multidimensional que ocorre em situações de perda, dano ou ameaça à integridade da pessoa. Objetivo: Comparar as médias das dimensões do sofrimento (Dor Emocional, Perda Relacional e Evitamento) em função das variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais dos enfermeiros. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo e transversal de natureza quantitativa. Amostra constituída por 100 enfermeiros. Foi aplicado um questionário de autopreenchimento e para avaliação do sofrimento a Caregiver Grief Scale. Resultados: O sexo feminino com filhos, com companheiro, sem especialização em enfermagem e com mais tempo de serviço apresentou médias mais elevadas de sofrimento. No sexo masculino, as médias mais elevadas verificaram-se nos enfermeiros sem filhos, sem companheiro, com especialização em enfermagem e com mais tempo de serviço. Conclusão: Os enfermeiros apresentaram médias mais elevadas de sofrimento na dimensão Dor Emocional, seguida da Perda Relacional e do Evitamento, sendo maior a expressão do sofrimento no sexo feminino.

Background: Suffering in nurses is associated with the delivery of care to patients in suffering and factors related to the working conditions. It is a multidimensional experience that occurs in situations of loss, damage, or threat to human integrity. Objective: To compare the mean scores in the dimensions of suffering (Emotional Pain, Relational Loss, and Avoidance) based on the sociodemographic and professional variables of nurses. Methodology: A descriptive and cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted with a sample of 100 nurses. A self-administered questionnaire was applied, as well as the Caregiver Grief Scale for assessing suffering. Results: Women with children, with a partner, without specialization in nursing, and with more years of service had higher mean scores of suffering. In men, the highest mean scores were found in nurses without children, without a partner, with specialization in nursing, and with more years of service. Conclusion: Nurses showed higher mean scores of suffering in the dimension of Emotional Pain, followed by Relational Loss, and Avoidance, and suffering was higher among women.

Marco contextual: El sufrimiento de los enfermeros proviene de la prestación de cuidados al paciente que sufre y de factores relacionados con las condiciones de trabajo. Es una experiencia multidimensional que se produce en situaciones de pérdida, daño o amenaza a la integridad de la persona. Objetivo: Comparar las medias de las dimensiones del sufrimiento (Dolor Emocional, Pérdida Relacional y Evitación), según las variables sociodemográficas y profesionales de los enfermeros. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo y transversal de naturaleza cuantitativa. La muestra constó de 100 enfermeros. Se aplicó un cuestionario de autocumplimentado y, para evaluar el sufrimiento, se utilizó la Caregiver Grief Scale. Resultados: El sexo femenino con hijos, con pareja, sin especialización de enfermería y con más tiempo de servicio presentó medias más elevadas de sufrimiento. En el sexo masculino, las medias más altas se encontraron en los enfermeros sin hijos, sin pareja, con una especialización en enfermería y con más tiempo de servicio. Conclusión: Los enfermeros presentaron medias más altas de sufrimiento en la dimensión Dolor Emocional, seguido de Pérdida Relacional y Evitación, y la expresión del sufrimiento fue mayor en el sexo femenino.

Revisiting the survival mnemonic effect in children.

The survival processing paradigm is designed to explore the adaptive nature of memory functioning. The mnemonic advantage of processing information in fitness-relevant contexts, as has been demonstrated using this paradigm, is now well established, particularly in young adults; this phenomenon is often referred to as the "survival processing effect." In the current experiment, we revisited the investigation of this effect in children and tested it in a new cultural group, using a procedure that differs from the existing studies with children. A group of 40 Portuguese children rated the relevance of unrelated words to a survival and a new moving scenario. This encoding task was followed by a surprise free-recall task. Akin to what is typically found, survival processing produced better memory performance than the control condition (moving). These data put on firmer ground the idea that a mnemonic tuning to fitness-relevant encodings is present early in development. The theoretical importance of this result to the adaptive memory literature is discussed, as well as potential practical implications of this kind of approach to the study of memory in children.

A Bela e a Fera: uma análise psicológica da personagem Bela / The Beauty and the Beast: a psychological analysis of Belle's character

Pensando no instigante sucesso do desenho animado "A Bela e a Fera", da Walt Disney, que teve grande repercussão mundial na época em que fora exibido, este artigo propõe-se a compreender o desenvolvimento psicológico da personagem Bela. Para tanto, algumas cenas do filme foram escolhidas para análise, com o aporte teórico de Sigmund Freud, tendo-se observado, com isso, a transformação ocorrida na vida psicossexual de Bela ao passar do Narcisismo para o Complexo de Édipo e a resolução deste. Foi entrelaçada a seguir, com a colaboração do entendimento de Marie-Louise Von Franz, a aquisição do Feminino por parte da personagem com a importância dos contos de fadas na construção da personalidade das crianças, que, a partir destes, vivenciam de forma lúdica os conflitos inerentes ao desenvolvimento psíquico, facilitando sua elaboração e aumentando sua capacidade de simbolização.

Thinking about the amazing success of the cartoon with great impact worldwide "The Beauty and the Beast", Walt Disney, this article aimed to understand the psychological development of the character Belle. To this end, some parts of the movie were chosen and analysed, based in the theory of Sigmund Freud, providing an understanding about Belle's psychosexual life, when she overcame Narcissism and Oedipus Complex. Then it was contextualized, throw Marie-Louise Von Franz, the female's acquisition of the character along the importance of fairy tales in the construction of children's personality, that experience in playful way conflicts of the psychological development, leading to a elaboration and empowering its symbolization capacity.

Competência acadêmica de crianças do Ensino Fundamental: características sociodemográficas e relação com habilidades sociais / Academic competence in students of Elementary School: sociodemographic pattern and relation to social skills

Esta pesquisa avaliou características da competência acadêmica em sua relação com o repertório de habilidades sociais e com variáveis sociodemográficas de uma amostra de 257 crianças de 1a. a 4a. séries do Ensino Fundamental. Foi aplicada a escala SSRS (Social Skills Rating System) a 185 crianças, seus pais e 12 professores. O questionário Critério Brasil foi usado para avaliação sócio-econcômica. Os resultados mostraram que 7,9 por cento dos estudantes apresentavam muita dificuldade de aprendizagem. As meninas obtiveram escores mais elevados do que os meninos em competência acadêmica. As crianças de escola particular apresentaram melhores índices do que as de escolas públicas. Uma melhor competência foi observada em crianças de nível socioeconômico mais elevado. Quanto maior era o nível das habilidades sociais das crianças, melhor era a competência acadêmica e menor o número de reprovações. Estes resultados confirmam os dados da literatura e sugerem a necessidade de intervenções visando promover as hailidades sociais em contexto escolar

This research investigated academic competence and its relation to social skills and sociodemographic variables in a sample of 257 elementary school students from First through Fourth Grades, using the SSRS scale – Social Skills Rating System. Socioeconomic level was assessed using the “Critério Brasil” scale. Participants were 185 parents and 12 teachers who also rated the children’s social skills. Results showed that 7,9% of the sample had learning difficulties. Girls had higher scores than boys in academic competence. The competence in school was significantly and positively correlated with socioeconomic level. Also, children from private schools had higher scores than those from public schools. There was a significant relationship between social skills and academic competence, the children with higher social skills scores had the better academic competence and were less likely to fail in school. These results confirm previous findings suggesting that social skills interventions in school can affect the students’ outcome positively.