[Hydrogen sulfide balneotherapy in comprehensive sanatorium-resort treatment of post-burn scars in children]. / Serovodorodnaya bal'neoterapiya v kompleksnom sanatorno-kurortnom lechenii posleozhogovykh rubtsov u detei.

Thermal lesions in children leave behind cicatricial contractions, contractures, deformations of the wrists, feet, face. Sanatorium-resort treatment using balneotherapy is an integral part of rehabilitation measures in such patients. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of hydrogen sulfide balneotherapy in children with consequences of thermal injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A single-center observational retrospective non-controlled study was carried out, in which sanatorium-resort treatment concerning post-burn scars in 812 children aged 5-17 years was analyzed. Hydrogen sulfide balneotherapy was prescribed to patients depending on the age in mild (5-6 years) or moderate-to-high (7-17 years) exposure modes. The imported hydrogen sulfide mineral water from the T-2000 well of the Matsesta field with the H2S total concentration of 410-420 mg/l was used for treatment. The applications were performed to children alternate days, 8 procedures of balneotherapy per course. RESULTS: Lightening of the affected areas of the skin, reduction of the sensation of contraction and tension of the scars, which became softer, more elastic and more mobile with regard to the subjacent tissues have been noted in patients after the course of balneotherapy. The head mobility increased after applications in the presence of scars. The large joints' range of motion grew up. In addition, an increase in the mobility of the fingers of wrists and feet, a decrease in the stiffness of movements, increase or recovery of the affected skin's tactile sensitivity have been observed. Children well tolerated procedures, adverse events were seen in 0.7% of cases in the form of mild reactions at the beginning of the applications' course, namely of balneological (0.6%) and toxico-allergic (0.1%) nature. CONCLUSION: Hydrogen sulfide balneotherapy in combination with rehabilitation exercises and other sanatorium-resort factors is an effective mean of post-burn scars correction in children.

[Artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of prostate cancer]. / Iskusstvennyi intellekt v diagnostike raka predstatel'noi zhelezy.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the possibilities and prospects of using artificial intelligence (AI) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC). The laboratory diagnosis of PC is considered and prostate images are analyzed according to transrectal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging using AI algorithms. Particular emphasis is placed on prostate histologic evaluation.

[Development and assessment of efficacy of L-polylactide matrix for creation of a tissue-engineered vascular graft]. / Razrabotka i otsenka éffektivnosti matritsy iz L-polilaktida dlia sozdaniia tkaneinzhenernogo sosudistogo implantata.

In order to create a tissue-engineered vascular graft we elaborated a matrix consisting of nanofibres of biodegradable polymer L-polylactide. We worked out the methodology of crystallization of the matrix on a rod, making it possible to manufacture specimens possessing strength and deformity characteristics superior to those of native vessels. This was followed by a series of chronic experiments on implanting the elaborated matrix into the abdominal aorta of rats for the duration of up to 16 months. We obtained satisfactory parameters of the patency of the matrices (71%). According to the findings of histological examination, in the course of time there occurred biodegradation of the matrix and formation of a new vascular wall, with no evidence of either inflammation or neointimal hyperplasia in the zone of the anastomoses. Resorption of the polymeric fibres commenced 12 weeks after exposure and completely terminated after 64 weeks. By that time, both neointima and neoadventitia were formed, whose composition and structure were close to those of the native vessel. Insufficiently high mechanical properties of the zone of reconstruction turned out to be the cause of the formation of aneurysms.

[PROSPECTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF IDIOPATHIC AND NEUROGENIC OVERACTIVE BLADDER].

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common problem in modern population. The main line of medical treatment of this condition is the use of M-cholinoblockers. Solifenacin has shown high selectivity for the bladder in preclinical studies. Data on the efficacy and safety of high-dose (10 mg/day) of solifenacin are insufficient. The study was aimed to the comparative evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of solifenacin at a dose of 5 and 10 mg/day. The study included 28 patients (17 women and 11 men), mean age was 41.3±6.7 years. All patients were divided into two groups. In Group 1 included 12 patients with idiopathic overactive bladder, the Group 2 (n=16) - with neurogenic overactive bladder. Depending on the effect obtained, in some patients the dose was increased to 10 mg/day 1 month after starting treatment. The duration of treatment was 12 weeks. Application of solifenacin at a dose of 5 mg in patients with overactive bladder significantly reduces the severity of symptoms. Increasing the dose was required in 3 (25%) patients with idiopathic OAB and in 10 (62.5%) - with neurogenic OAB. Patients unsatisfied by therapy with solifenacin 5 mg/ day initially had more severe symptoms of the disease - significantly more urgency frequency, incontinence episodes, and nocturia. The use of high doses of solifenacin increased the effectiveness of treatment. Statistical significance was achieved for all parameters evaluated. Against the background of increasing doses, the number ofadverse effects may increase, but within a month of therapy in most cases they are reduced.

[The Specific Effects of Magnetic Stimulation Depending on the Specialization of Sportsmen].

The article presents data on the effect of magnetic stimulation of quadriceps muscle in the professional sportsmen: cyclists and long jumpers (Magstim Rapid 2 magnetic stimulator was used). In the experiments involving 3 cyclists and 4 long jumpers, both male and female, we observed an increase in the effect of FR muscle fibers (Burke classification) on the process of muscle tension during magnetic stimulation in the frequency range of the activity of motor units. We found some differences between these two types of sportsmen, which result from the characteristics of muscle tension during typical muscle activity.

[Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depressive disorder in Parkinson's disease]. / Primenenie transkranial'noi magnitnoi stimulyatsii v lechenii depressivnogo rasstroistva pri bolezni Parkinsona.

The prevalence of affective disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is significantly higher than in the general population of people of the same age. It is known that the effectiveness of antidepressants in PD with depressive disorder is lower than in patients with primary depression. For depression resistant to standard treatments, other therapeutic strategies are available. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is one of the most popular and safe brain stimulation methods that has been successfully used to treat primary depression. The accumulation of experience in the use of TMS has made it possible to expand the application of the method to other diseases, including PD. The article provides literature data on the use of different TMS protocols for the treatment of depressive disorder in patients with PD.

An analysis of missed cases with surgical emergencies admitted in non-surgical departments. Case series and а review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: The delayed diagnosis in emergency surgery can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality and often lead to litigations. The aim of the present work is to analyse the outcome in cases with non-trauma surgical emergencies wrongly admitted in non-surgical departments. METHODS: A retrospective trial in two independent University hospitals was conducted. The first group encompassed the patients worked-up in the Surgical unit of Emergency department (2014-2018). The second one included all cases visited Emergency department (2018). Only cases with acute abdomen and delayed diagnosis and operation were included. The analysis included the proportion of the delayed diagnosis, time between admission and operation, intraoperative diagnosis, complications and mortality rate. RESULTS: In the first group there were 30 194 visits in the surgical unit with 15 836 hospitalizations (52.4%). Twenty patients of the last (0.13%) were admitted in the Clinic of Infectious disease and subsequently operated. The mean delay between hospitalization and operation was 3 days (1-10). Seventeen patients (85%) were operated with mortality of 10%. In the second group, there were a total of 22 760 visits with 11 562 discharged cases. Of the last, 1.7% (n=192) were re-admitted in a surgical ward, 25 of which underwent urgent surgery (0.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The missed surgical cases represent only a small proportion of the patients in emergency department. The causes for wrong initial admissions in our series were misinterpretation of the symptoms, insufficient clinical examination and underuse of US and CT. The careful clinical assessment, point-of care US and CT may decrease the rate of the delayed diagnosis.

Giant-cell arteritis without cranial manifestations presenting as fever of unknown origin: a diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT.

We present a case of 68-year-old female with four months history of fever, fatigue, and weight loss. She was classified as case of fever of unknown origin. The physical examination was normal, the laboratory tests showed anemia, elevation of C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and fibrinogen. The diagnosis was unclear and 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed. Images showed high glucose uptake in the wall of the ascending and descending aorta, in the walls of the subclavian arteries, abdominal aorta and proximal part of both iliac arteries. The diagnosis of GCA appeared most likely and steroid treatment was initiated. After the therapy, clinical signs disappeared, laboratory parameters normalized and follow-up 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated lack of glucose uptake in the vessels' walls. We observed remission. 18F-FDG PET/CT offers a possibility for early detection of inflammation in the vessels and could be used for assessment of therapy response. Performing this nuclear imaging method in a clinical setting, where there is suspicion of large-vessel vasculitis is of great benefit for the final outcome.

Tissue-Engineered Vascular Graft of Small Diameter Based on Electrospun Polylactide Microfibers.

Tubular vascular grafts 1.1 mm in diameter based on poly(L-lactide) microfibers were obtained by electrospinning. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy data demonstrated that the samples treated at T = 70°C for 1 h in the fixed state on a cylindrical mandrel possessed dense fibrous structure; their degree of crystallinity was approximately 44%. Strength and deformation stability of these samples were higher than those of the native blood vessels; thus, it was possible to use them in tissue engineering as bioresorbable vascular grafts. The experiments on including implantation into rat abdominal aorta demonstrated that the obtained vascular grafts did not cause pathological reactions in the rats; in four weeks, inner side of the grafts became completely covered with endothelial cells, and fibroblasts grew throughout the wall. After exposure for 12 weeks, resorption of PLLA fibers started, and this process was completed in 64 weeks. Resorbed synthetic fibers were replaced by collagen and fibroblasts. At that time, the blood vessel was formed; its neointima and neoadventitia were close to those of the native vessel in structure and composition.

Vascular Prostheses Based on Nanofibers from Aliphatic Copolyamide.

Tubular grafts based on nanofibers of copolymer of ε-caprolactam and hexamethylendiaminadipate were obtained by the electrospinning method. The strength of materials based on the dry nanofibers was 6.2 MPa with elongation at break of 133%, or 7.5 MPa and 299% in saline, respectively. The pressure value at which liquid started seeping through the tube wall was P = 10 kPa. Absence of cytotoxicity was proved, as well as adhesion and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells on the surface. Tubes with inner diameter of 1 mm were tested in vivo in rat abdominal aorta. A layer of endothelial cells was shown to form on the inner side of the prosthesis after 30 days. There was no evidence of stenosis or dilatation of the prosthesis after 14 months with observation of endothelial and subendothelial layers.

Five year study of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Bulgaria.

We tested by electron microscopy 7,530 samples from children admitted to different hospitals in Sofia between February 1981 and February 1986; from these, rotaviruses were found in 725 (9.6%) faecal samples. Electron microscopic analysis of 264 samples from 181 children admitted to the hospital of infectious diseases in Shumen between December 1984 to February 1986 revealed rotaviruses in 120 (66.6%) of the tested children. A part of the samples positive by electron microscopy was tested by ELISA and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for rotavirus RNA segment patterns. Rotaviruses with eight different electropherotypes were found in Bulgaria. The seasonal culmination of the rotavirus gastroenteritis in the winter months has been confirmed. Rotavirus antibodies were found in 73% of the sera from 152 children tested.

[Transport of 125I-poly I : poly C incorporated in liposomes from the enteric cavity to the small intestine mucosa. An electron microscopic autoradiographic study]. / Transport 125I-poliI : poliTs, zakliuchennogo v liposomy, iz énteral'noi sredy v slizistuiu tonkoi kishki. Issledovanie metodom élektronno-mikroskopicheskoi avtoradiografii.

Transport of 125I-poly(I) : poly(C) incorporated into liposomes trough the small intestine mucose was investigated by electron microscopic autoradiography. With the migration of liposomes into the mucous layer on the luminal surface of the intestine up to the glycocalix level of microvilli these undergo degradation with the formation of monolayer liposomes from which polynucleotide is released. Later on the poly(I) : poly(C) or its fragments transported through the enterocytes to be accumulated in cells of the connective tissue stroma of the small intestine mucose. Part of polynucleotide was incorporated up to the arterial and lymphoid capillary level. Apparently, on the way of its transport the polynucleotide is affected by pancreatic and tissue nucleases. The accumulation of polynucleotide in macrophages, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, plasma cells and smooth muscle cells was traced. It is supposed that the polynucleotide accumulated in stroma of the small intestine mucose may preserve its interferon inducing activity.

[Liposome transport as a model of substance absorption in the small intestine studied by electron microscopic autoradiography and scanning microscopy]. / Issledovanie transporta liposom v kachestve modeli vsasyvaniia veshchestv v tonkoi kishke metodom élektronno-mikroskopicheskoi avtoradiografii i skaniruiushchei mikroskopii.

Using electron microscope autoradiography and scanning microscopy, evidence was provided on the space-time character of the transport of enterally introduced liposomes containing 125I-lecitin and 3H-cholesterine. Liposomes underwent degradation on the mucous surface of the epithelial cells, followed by the appearance of monolayer vesicles to be transported to the glycocalix area between the microvilli. This is accompanied with the release of the radioactive trait from liposomes and its transporting to enterocytes.

[Interconnection of wave processes for control and performance in the movements of multisegmental biomechanical systems]. / Vzaimosviaz' volnovykh protsessov upravleniia i ispolneniia v dvizheniiakh mnogozvennykh viomekhanicheskikh sistem.

There are two main ideas in this work. First, speed and tonicity of contraction of different muscles in human movements are defined not only by specifications of the contraction apparatus, but also by specifications of the management apparatus functioning, which means a solution of the motor task. Second, the observed in human movement wave processes are the consequences of the wave processes in the systems regulating movements of different parts of the body. Some experimental data observed earlier are discussed in terms of the proposed ideas.

[Wave process of energy transfer in the multi-link biomechanical systems interacting with a support]. / Volnovoi protsess perenosa énergii v mnogozvennykh biomekhanicheskikh sistemakh, vzaimodeistvuiushchikh s oporoi.

A simple athletic exercise was used to show that in the course of interrelation with a support--in a multi-channel biomechanical system like a human body--the mechanical movement energy is being transferred by means of a wave which moves along the body parts up to 30% of total mechanical energy spent for the motion of a biomechanical system.

[Muscle energy transfer during a given wave-like movement of human body segments]. / O peredache myshtsei énergii pri zadannom volnovom dvizhenii zven'ev tela cheloveka.

The paper deals with a movement of two voluntary segments fixed in a joint and connected by a muscle in a multi-segment biomechanical system of human body. The muscle model is a four-element mechanical system. The mechanical movement energy brought into the "segments-muscle" system from the segments preceding the next ones is studied. The movement in which the total multi-segment system of the human body participates is described by the wave equation. Conditions concerning applying active muscle efforts and correlating velocities of muscle ends movement which provide the maximal value of transferred energy have been found. It is shown that the use of "artificial muscles" type devices promotes activization of energy transfer processes between segments.

[Formation of fluorescent products in mitochondria exposed to UV-light]. / Obrazovanie fluorestsiruiushchikh produktov v mitokhondriiakh pri deistvii UF-sveta.

UV-irradiation of mitochondrial membranes causes formation and accumulation of fluorescing products in the course of incubation, like it takes place during the initiation of peroxide oxidation by the iron--ascorbate system. The rate of the change of mitochondria fluorescence and the level of TBA-products in them do not correlate, which points to the difference in the formation mechanisms of these products in the course of incubation. However, a correlation is observed between the initial fluorescence intensity and the number of TBA-active products in mitochondria, which increases with the increase of the time of UV-irradiation.

[Effect of UV-light on formation of fluorescent products of lipid peroxidation]. / Deistvie UV-sveta na obrazovanie fluorestsiruiushchikh produktov perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov.

The rate of fluorescent product formation during the peroxidation of polyunsaturated linolenic acid or egg phosphatidylethanolamine and also during the oxidation of linolenic acid together with a phenylalanine and synthetic phosphatidylethanolamine 1,5--3 times more intensive after previous UV-irradiation of the unsaturated fatty acid. Schiff bases are fluorescent products in amine containing systems which are produced in the reaction of the malonaldehyde with amines. It is possible that fluorochromes produced during the only unsaturated acid oxidation are the result of the radical recombination. Accumulation of the oxidated products determined by TBA-reactive substances does not inevitably correlate with the fluorescent intensity in explored systems.

[Modelling the wave movement of a multisegment biomechanical system]. / Modelirovanie volnovogo dvizheniia mnogozvennoi biomekhanicheskoi sistemy.

Modeling of wave motion of human body's multi-segment biomechanical system by examination of forced transverse oscillations of one-dimensional bar system with distributed parameters is performed in javelin throwing. Energy flow value under different changes of model parameters is investigated. The experimental data showing wave front motion and transformation of spectral density of oscillations from segment to segment of the thrower's body are discussed. Share of the energy transferred along the body's segments in the total energy of javelin release is 70-72 per cent according to theoretical estimates for concrete model parameters, and 63-75 per cent according to the experimental data for 8 attempts.

[Relationship between lipid peroxide oxidation and cell respiration]. / Sviaz' perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov i kletochnogo dykhaniia.

A relationship between lipid peroxide oxidation (LPO) in biomembranes and kinetics of oxygen uptake by intact cells and cells under hypotonic shock in the course of their incubation has been studied. Different effect of bivalent ferrum ions--activators of LPO was found; it depended on cell integrity. In the cells under normal physiological conditions the rate of oxygen uptake was independent of the amount of LPO products, while in the cells placed into hypotonic medium it decreased on the background of LPO intensification as compared to the normal one. Peculiar effects of the LPO products on intact cells seem to be related to spatial disconnection of respiratory centres and to localization of peroxide oxidation reactions.