RESUMEN
Posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression plays a critical role in controlling the inflammatory response. An uncontrolled inflammatory response results in chronic inflammation, often leading to tumorigenesis. Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is a proinflammatory tumor-suppressor gene which helps to prevent the transition from chronic inflammation to cancer. PDCD4 mRNA translation is regulated by an interplay between the oncogenic microRNA miR-21 and the RNA-binding protein (RBP) human antigen R (HuR) in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation, but the role of other regulatory factors remains unknown. Here, we report that the RBP lupus antigen (La) interacts with the 3'-untranslated region of PDCD4 mRNA and prevents miR-21-mediated translation repression. While lipopolysaccharide causes nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation of HuR, it enhances cellular La expression. Remarkably, La and HuR were found to bind cooperatively to the PDCD4 mRNA and mitigate miR-21-mediated translation repression. The cooperative action of La and HuR reduced cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis, reversing the pro-oncogenic function of miR-21. Together, these observations demonstrate a cooperative interplay between two RBPs, triggered differentially by the same stimulus, which exerts a synergistic effect on PDCD4 expression and thereby helps maintain a balance between inflammation and tumorigenesis.
Asunto(s)
Regiones no Traducidas 3' , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/genética , Autoantígenos/genética , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/genética , Proteína 1 Similar a ELAV/genética , MicroARNs/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/genética , Ribonucleoproteínas/genética , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/genética , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/metabolismo , Autoantígenos/metabolismo , Secuencia de Bases , Sitios de Unión , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/efectos de los fármacos , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/patología , Proteína 1 Similar a ELAV/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Genes Reporteros , Humanos , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Luciferasas/genética , Luciferasas/metabolismo , Células MCF-7 , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Unión Proteica , Biosíntesis de Proteínas/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/metabolismo , Ribonucleoproteínas/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Antígeno SS-BRESUMEN
Change in cellular pH due to onset of certain malfunctions needs to be tracked quickly so that treatment to cure such incidents may be started immediately. For example, microenvironment of a developing tumor is acidic due to high metabolic rate as well as low oxygen supply. Hence biomarkers that can sharply sense transition in pH could be of great use in the early detection of tumor formation. In the present work, a unique pH sensitive non-cytotoxic gold nanocluster based probe has been synthesized to precisely detect sharp change in biological pH. The gold nanoclusters were coated with dihydrolipoic acid incorporated γ-cyclodextrins. Measurements with steady state fluorometric changes reveal the sensibility of the probes through obvious wavelength shift depending on the changes in the microenvironment. The nanocluster based probe has been successfully applied to detect cancer cells with high precision. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR: Biomarkers sensitive to physiological environment have extensive uses in nanomedicines. pH sensitive ultrasmall gold nanoclusters coated with dihydrolipoic acid incorporated γ-cyclodextrins indicate Changes in cellular pH, therefore certain malfunctions. The new biomarker could be useful to detect tumor calls.
Asunto(s)
Rastreo Celular/métodos , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Nanopartículas del Metal/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Microambiente Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Oro/química , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patología , Ácido Tióctico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Tióctico/química , gamma-Ciclodextrinas/químicaRESUMEN
RNA-protein interactions play a crucial role in every aspect of RNA metabolism, and also plays a major role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. RNA-binding proteins have been implicated in viral gene expression (Ray and Das, 2002) and microRNA-mediated gene regulation (Poria et al., 2016). Here we have described the protocol which (1) covalently links transiently interacting RNA-protein complexes by UV crosslinking, (2) removes the unprotected RNA by RNase digestion and (3) detects the RNA-protein complexes by SDS-PAGE analysis. This protocol provides a rapid and reliable means to directly assay RNA-protein interactions and their kinetics using purified proteins and also help in identifying novel RNA-protein interactions.
RESUMEN
Polysome analysis is a method to separate mRNAs from a cell into actively translating and non-translating fractions depending on their association with polysomes. By this protocol, cell lysates are fractionated by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. Free mRNA fraction and various ribosomal fractions, such as 40S, 60S, monosomes and polysomes are collected by fractionation. Association of particular mRNAs with these fractions is detected by reverse transcription - PCR to investigate the translational state of the mRNA.