RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, face-to-face teaching and learning of physiotherapy practical skills was limited. Asynchronous, remote training has been effective in development of clinical skills in some health professions. This study aimed to determine the effect of remote, asynchronous training and feedback on development of neurodynamic skills in physiotherapy students. METHODS: Longitudinal repeated measurements study, across four training sessions. Participants engaged in a remote training program for development of upper limb neurodynamic techniques. In this sequential training, participants viewed the online tutorial, practiced independently, and uploaded a video of their performance for formative assessment and feedback from a trained instructor via a checklist and rubric. RESULTS: Intra-subject analyses of 60 third-year physiotherapy students showed that the target standard of performance, with no further significant change in scores, was attained following session 2 for the checklist and session 3 for the rubric. This shows that two sessions are required to learn the procedures, and three sessions yield further improvements in performance quality. CONCLUSION: The remote, asynchronous training and feedback model proved to be an effective strategy for students' development of neurodynamic testing skills and forms a viable alternative to in-person training. This study contributes to the future of acquiring physiotherapy clinical competencies when distance or hybrid practice is required.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Pandemias , Humanos , Retroalimentación , Estudiantes , Competencia Clínica , Modalidades de FisioterapiaRESUMEN
Antecedentes: Presencia de un brote intrahospitalario de Salmonella typhimurium productora de beta-lactamasas de espectro extendido ocurrido en el Hospital San Bartolome, entre el 17 de febrero y el 6 de marzo del año 2001. Objetivo: Identificar los mecanismos implicados en la transmisión de Salmonella typhimurium y caracterización de los genes asociados a la resistencia en beta-lactámicos. Diseño: Estudio clínico bacteriológico retrospectivo. Lugar: Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño (Honadomani) San Bartolomé. Materiales biológicos: Aislamientos bacterianos provenientes de pacientes lactantes. Intervenciones: Se determinó la diversidad genética de cinco aislamientos bacterianos provenientes de pacientes lactantes hospitalizados en la Unidad pediátrica del hospital, utilizando REP-PCR y fingerprint plasmídico. Previamente, se caracterizó la resistencia antimicrobiana, determinando la presencia de beta-lactamasa de espectro extendido mediante la prueba de sinergia de doble disco; la variante fue identificada por PCR secuenciamiento del gen blashv. Principales medidas de resultados: Presencia de genotipos, plásmidos y beta-lactamasa de Salmonella typhimurium. Resultados: Se determinó la presencia de dos genotipos en los aislamientos de Salmonella typhimurium; el caso índice (sensible) presentó un genotipo diferente al de otros aislamientos resistentes pertenecientes a pacientes hospitalizados. Se determinó la presencia en S. typhimurium de un plásmido de peso molecular elevado de tamaño distinto a los de K. pneumoniae, pero probablemente relacionado con una cepa de E. coli intrahospitalaria. Se encontró la beta-lactamasa de espectro extendido SHV- 5 en los aislamientos de S. typhimurium y E. coli. Conclusiones: El estudio sugiere que la diseminación de estas bacterias en los lactantes puede haber sido favorecida por varios factores que habrían intervenido en la transferencia de elementos genéticos responsables de la resistencia antimicrobiana.
Background: An ESBL Salmonella typhimurium outbreak occurred at San Bartolome hospital from February 17 through March 16, 2001. Objectives: To identify the mechanism involved in Salmonella typhimurium spread and genetic characterization of beta-lactamase resistance associated genes. Design: Clinical-bacteriologic retrospective study. Setting: San Bartolomé Mother Child Teaching National Hospital. Biologic materials: Bacterial isolations from lactating patients. Interventions: The genetic diversity was characterized from five bacterial isolates from infants admitted to the pediatric units, using REP-PCR and plasmid fingerprinting. We previously characterized the antimicrobial resistance, determining the presence of ESBL by the double disc diffusion method and the variant was identified by sequencing the gen blashv. Main outcome measures: Salmonella typhimurium genotypes, plasmids and beta-lactamase presence. Results: We found two different genotypes among the Salmonella typhimurium isolates; the index case (susceptible) showed a different genotype and the other isolates coming from hospitalized children were resistant. One of the S. typhimurium plasmids had a heavier molecular weight than K. pneumoniaeÆs but as heavy as the hospital acquired E. coli isolates plasmids. We found the ESBL SHV-5 in both S. typhimurium y E. coli isolates. Conclusions: This report suggests that the bacteria spread among infants could be facilitated by many factors playing different roles in the genetic material transfer responsible of the microbial resistance.