Microwave-assisted N-alkylation of amines with alcohols catalyzed by MnCl2 : Anticancer, docking, and DFT studies.

A new protocol for the N-alkylation of amines with alcohols for the synthesis of tertiary amines in the presence of MnCl2 as a catalyst, under microwave conditions, is described. The advantages of this protocol include stable reaction profiles, a wide substrate variety, excellent yields, low cost, high yields, and easy workup conditions. The anticancer efficacy of all the synthesized compounds was tested in vitro against various cancer cell lines, such as MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 (human breast), HT-29, HCT 116 (colon cancer), A549 (human lung carcinoma), and Vero cells. Among the screened compounds, 3e, 3h, and 3i demonstrated potent anticancer activity, with compound 3h surpassing the reference drug cisplatin against A549, MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and HCT116 cancer cells. The introduction of an electron-withdrawing group on the phenyl ring resulted in increased anticancer activity. The most potent compounds, 3e, 3h, and 3i, were tested against VEGFR-2, HER2, and EGFR in multikinase inhibition assays, with compounds 3h and 3i showing improved potency against the HER2 kinase. The compounds formed two H-bonds with amino acids, indicating that they had a high affinity for the target HER2 kinase (PDB ID: 3RCD), according to the docking analysis. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity properties of the optimized analogs were also assessed in vitro, enabling the discovery of promising anticancer agents. Finally, the B3LYP level was used to measure density functional theory geometry optimization and the related quantum parameters for the active compounds.

Click synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole based imidazoles: Antitubercular evaluation, molecular docking and HSA binding studies.

Using Cu(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition of alkyne and azide reaction (CuAAC), a series of novel 1,2,3-triazole based imidazole derivatives (3a-e) have been synthesized. The synthesized molecules were characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass and elemental analysis. Antitubercular activity (anti-TB) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtb) and cytotoxic activity against the mammalian Vero cell line was screened for the synthesized compounds. The compounds 3d and 3e displayed potent in vitro antitubercular activity and may serve as a lead for further optimization. Besides, the experimental findings were in line with the results of molecular docking. Also, the synthesized compounds have also been analyzed for ADME properties and the experimental finding facilitates the development of new and more potent anti-TB agents in this series in the future. Using fluorescence and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, the binding interaction of compounds (3d and 3e) with human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated. The results showed that, as a result of HSA-compound complex, the fluorescence quenching of HSA by test compounds was a static quenching process. According to Forster's theory, energy transfer efficiency is calculated.

Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot for diagnosis of cysticercosis in swine from North India.

Taenia solium cysticercosis is a major public health problem in developing countries. Swine cysticercosis results in economic losses for pig farmers in disease endemic areas. Consumption of cysticercotic pork leads to taeniasis in humans. Eggs excreted in the faeces of T. solium carriers disseminate to humans and pigs through the faecal-oral route, thus maintaining the life cycle in endemic areas. An enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay was developed using whole crude T. solium cysticercus antigens (WCA) for the diagnosis of swine cysticercosis. Sera from 30 swine with cysticercosis confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging were subjected to EITB assay. Sera from 50 swine that were raised in a government farm and not allowed to roam freely were included as negative controls. Two or more bands of 8, 11, 14, 24, 26 and 29 kDa were immunoreactive on blot with sera from all infected swine except two, and none from swine raised on the government farm. The overall sensitivity and specificity of EITB assay for diagnosis of swine cysticercosis were 93.3% and 100%, respectively. Hence, EITB assay based on WCA may be a suitable diagnostic tool for swine cysticercosis in endemic areas.

Incidence, risk factors and associated mortality of central line-associated bloodstream infections at an intensive care unit in northern India.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence, risk factors and associated mortality of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) in an adult intensive care unit (ICU) in India. DESIGN: This prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 16 months at a tertiary care referral medical center. SETTING: We conducted this study over a period of 16 months at a tertiary care referral medical center. PARTICIPANTS: All patients with a central venous catheter (CVC) for >48 h admitted to the ICU were enrolled. INTERVENTION AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patient characteristics included were underlying disease, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II) scores and outcome. Statistical analysis of risk factors for their association with mortality was also done. RESULTS: There were 3235 inpatient-days and 2698 catheter-days. About 46 cases of CLABSI were diagnosed during the study period. The overall rate of CLABSI was 17.04 per 1000 catheter-days and 14.21 per 1000 inpatient-days. The median duration of hospitalization was 23.5 days while the median number of days that a CVC was in place was 17.5. The median APACHE II and SOFA scores were 17 and 10, respectively. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common organism (n = 22/55, 40%). Immunosuppressed state and duration of central line more than 10 days were significant factors for developing CLABSI. SOFA and APACHE II scores showed a tendency towards significance for mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Our results underscore the need for strict institutional infection control measures. Regular training module for doctors and nurses for catheter insertion and maintenance with a checklist on nurses' chart for site inspection and alerts in all shifts are some measures planned at our center.

Polymorphisms of IL-17 and ICAM-1 and their expression in Guillain-Barré syndrome.

PURPOSE: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory, autoimmune disorder of peripheral nervous system. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) polymorphisms with higher expression levels have already been studied in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, the possible role of IL-17 and ICAM-1 polymorphisms in GBS remains unknown. Therefore, the current study investigated IL-17 (His161Arg and Glu126Gly) and ICAM-1 (Gly241Arg) polymorphisms. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this study, total 80 GBS patients and 75 normal healthy controls were included. IL-17 (His161Arg and Glu126Gly) and ICAM-1 (Gly241Arg) polymorphisms were performed using polymerase chain reaction -restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Further, the expression of ICAM-1 and IL-17 was determined by reverse-transcriptase PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: IL-17 (Glu126Gly) mutant and ICAM-1 (Gly241Arg) heterozygous genotypes were strongly associated with increased risk of GBS (p < 0.016; OR = 3.706, 95% CI = 1.28-10.67; p < 0.001; OR = 4.148, 95% CI = 2.119-8.119, respectively). IL-17 and ICAM-1 genes showed significantly higher expression in GBS when compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSION: IL-17 and ICAM-1 polymorphisms showed significant association with GBS and their enhanced expressions have possible role in GBS development. IL-17 and ICAM-1 polymorphisms could be genetic markers to GBS susceptibility.

Association of heterogenicity of Helicobacter pylori cag pathogenicity island with peptic ulcer diseases and gastric cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency and integrity of certain cag pathogenicity island genes (cagPAI) in Helicobacter pylori strains and their association with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastric cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We enrolled 240 adult patients [120 with functional dyspepsia (FD), 50 with PUD and 70 with gastric cancer] undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. H. pylori infection was diagnosed when either culture or any two of the three tests (rapid urease test, histopathology and specific ureA PCR) were positive. DNA extracted from H. pylori isolates and positive gastric tissues were tested by PCR for the presence of different genes of cagPAI using specific primers. RESULTS: A total of 122 (51%) patients were H. pylori positive. Frequencies of cagPAI genes cagA, cagE, cagT and cagM in H. pylori strains from different groups of patients were as follows: functional dyspepsia 73, 83, 76 and 60%, PUD 70, 94, 91, 70% and gastric cancer 75, 95, 90 and 70%, respectively. Risk associated for the presence of PUD and gastric cancer with cagPAI genes cagE, cagT and cagM was 5.0-, 4.6- and 4.1- and 3.0-, 2.8- and 2.5-folds, respectively. Prevalence of intact cagPAI was significantly higher in PUD and gastric cancer compared to functional dyspepsia (PUD vs. functional dyspepsia, 71% vs. 38%, P = 0.01; gastric cancer vs. functional dyspepsia, 75% vs. 38%, P < 0.01). Intact cagPAI was associated with increased risk for the presence of PUD (odds ratio 5.2, 95% CI 2.4-11.3) and for the presence of gastric cancer (odds ratio 4.5, 95% CI 2.3-7.1). CONCLUSIONS: cagPAI integrity and its different genes are linked to different forms of gastric disease and so may have a role in pathogenesis, diagnosis and management.

Expression profile of latent and lytic transcripts of epstein-barr virus in patients with gastroduodenal diseases: a study from northern India.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been shown to be associated with gastric cancer. However, inconsistent findings have been reported regarding the EBV reactivation in gastric cancer and non-carcinomatous gastric epithelium. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of clinicopathological findings on the expression of different transcripts of EBV in patients with gastric cancer, peptic ulcer, and dyspepsia. A total of 200 adult patients (dyspepsia [120], peptic ulcer [30], gastric cancer [50]) undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were enrolled. EBV infection was diagnosed with non-polymorphic Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen1 (EBNA1) gene based PCR and confirmed by real-time PCR. The transcripts of EBV were detected by real-time RT-PCR. In patients with gastric cancer and peptic ulcer, EBV DNA was detected more often than in those with dyspepsia (P < 0.05). EBNA1 transcript was detected in all EBV positive cases and its expression was neither associated with disease nor with histopathological findings. The expression of BZLF1 was significantly associated with gastric cancer and peptic ulcer compared to dyspepsia (P < 0.01). BZLF1 expression was also found to be higher in Helicobacter pylori infected patients (P = 0.058). Expression of BARF1 and BcLF1 were significantly higher in gastric epithelium of patients having severe grade chronic inflammation (P = 0.05) and gastric atrophy (P = 0.02), respectively. In conclusion, increased expression of lytic transcripts in patients with gastric cancer, peptic ulcer, gastric atrophy, chronic inflammation and H. pylori infection suggests the association of these factors with EBV reactivation.

Phenotypic & molecular characterization of AmpC ß-lactamases among Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. & Enterobacter spp. from five Indian Medical Centers.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: AmpC ß-lactamases which are often plasmid mediated hydrolyze all ß-lactam antibiotics except cefepime and carbapenems. We evaluated the presence of AmpC ß-lactamases among Enterobacteriaceae strains recovered prospectively from patients at five Indian tertiary care centres. METHODS: The study included 909 consecutive Gram-negative isolates recovered from clinically significant specimens during June 2007 - May 2008 as part of an ICMR-ESBL study. Among the study isolates, 312 were found to be cefoxitin resistant by disc diffusion test (DDT). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination by E test was done against amikacin, levofloxacin, impinem, meropenem, ertapenem, tigecycline and piperacillin-tazobactam. Combined DDT using phenyl boronic acid as inhibitor with cefoxitin was used for phenotypic confirmation of AmpC phenotype. The common Amp C genotypes ACC, FOX, MOX, DHA, CIT and EBC were detected by multiplex PCR. RESULTS: Plasmid mediated Amp C phenotype was confirmed in 114 of the 312 (36.5%) cefoxitin resistant isolates with 255 (81.7%) showing multidrug resistance. Susceptibility to tigecycline was highest (99%) followed by imipenem, meropenem (97%), ertapenem (89%), amikacin (85%), and piperacillin-tazobactam (74.6%). Levofloxacin resistance was 82 per cent. ESBL co carriage was observed among 92 per cent of Amp C producers. Among 114 Amp C producers, 48 could be assigned a genotype, this included CIT- FOX (n = 25), EBC (n = 10), FOX (n = 4), CIT (n = 3), EBC-ACC (n = 2) and one each of DHA, EBC-DHA, FOX -DHA and FOX-EBC-DHA. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: Overall, AmpC phenotypes were found in 12.5 per cent isolates, multidrug resistance and ESBL co-carriage among them was high suggesting plasmid mediated spread. The study results have implications in rational antimicrobial therapy and continued surveillance of mechanisms of resistance among nosocomial pathogens.

Overcoming the problem of pseudohypoxemia in myeloproliferative disorders: Another trick in the bag.

Pseudohypoxaemia or spurious hypoxaemia is a recurrent problem faced on arterial blood gas analysis in patients with hyperleucocytosis leading to management dilemmas and unnecessary respiratory interventions. Various methods have been suggested to reduce the magnitude of this problem. We report a case of pseudohypoxaemia due to blast crisis in a patient of chronic myeloid leukaemia where arterial blood gas analysed from precooled syringe helped us resolve the problem and hastened our weaning from oxygen therapy.

Changing microbiological profile of pathogenic bacteria in diabetic foot infections: time for a rethink on which empirical therapy to choose?

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We studied the bacterial aetiology and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of diabetic foot ulcers in India. METHODS: Records of 447 hospitalised patients between 1991 and 2008 were retrospectively analysed between two time periods (before and after 1999) to compare bacterial aetiology and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns. The first three consecutive cultures from the same wound during treatment were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 1,632 cultures, 66% were polymicrobial, 23% monomicrobial and 11% sterile. In the monomicrobial group, 14% (n = 228) of cultures were Gram-negative, whereas 9% (n = 147) were Gram-positive. The most common pathogens in the first culture were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (17.2%) and Escherichia coli (16.3%). Results for the third cultures showed persistence of P. aeruginosa (15.3%) and E. coli (14.2%). Gram-negative isolates dominated over Gram-positive ones (25.3% vs 15.1%, p < 0.05). Antibiotic sensitivity patterns before and after 1999 were: piperacillin-tazobactam 74% vs 66% (p < 0.005), imipenem 77% vs 85% (NS), cefoperazone-sulbactam 47% vs 44% (p < 0.005), amikacin 62% vs 78% (NS), ceftriaxone 41% vs 36% (p < 0.005), amoxicillin-clavulanate 51% vs 43% (p < 0.05) and clindamycin 43% vs 36% (p < 0.005), respectively. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Unlike in the West, in India Gram-negative bacteria were found to have always been dominant in the wounds of patients with diabetic foot infections. Infection with polymicrobial multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli is common. The policy of empirical antimicrobial therapy at tertiary care needs to be changed.

Correlation of phase values with CT Hounsfield and R2* values in calcified neurocysticercosis.

PURPOSE: To correlate phase and R2* derived from susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with computed tomography-Hounsfield (CT-HU) values in calcified neurocysticercosis and to evaluate phase imaging in the assessment of calcified neurocysticercosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five patients with 52 calcified lesions underwent both CT and MRI. Phase and R2* were calculated from multi-echo 3D-T2-star-weighted-angiography data. MRI and CT data were coregistered using mutual information. Spearman's correlation was performed between quantitative phase and CT-HU and R2* values. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to see differences between CT-HU and R2* values from corresponding positive and negative phase regions. RESULTS: The median values of CT-HU and R2* from regions with positive and negative phase were found to be 142.10 (range: 41.89-491.75) and 68.5/sec (range: 20-110/sec) and 137.30 (range: 30.83-458.88) and 69/sec (range: 0-110/sec), respectively. There was a significant correlation of positive phase values with corresponding CT-HU and R2* values. In addition, there was a significant correlation of R2* and CT-HU with negative phase values. CONCLUSION: We conclude that there is a significant correlation between negative and positive phase with CT-HU and R2* values, suggesting that the CT hyperdense lesion may have both calcium and other minerals, which can be differentiated using phase imaging. Conventional MRI should include phase imaging to detect calcified neurocysticercosis.

Virulence attributes of Helicobacter pylori isolates & their association with gastroduodenal disease.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Certain genotype(s) of Helicobacter pylori strains may play important role in the development of gastric cancer (GC) and peptic ulcer disease (PUD). This study was undertaken to investigate the association of cagA, cagA3/ region subtypes, babA2 and vacA genotypes of H. pylori with GC, PUD and non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) as there are no such studies from India. METHODS: A total of 348 consecutive adult patients (NUD 241, PUD 45, GC 62) undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between September 2002 and May 2007 in a tertiary referral centre at Lucknow, north India, were enrolled. H. pylori infection was diagnosed by rapid urease test, culture, histopathology and PCR. Genotyping for cagA, cagA3/ subtypes, babA2 and vacA was performed by PCR using sequence specific primers. RESULTS: H. pylori infection was higher in patients with PUD than with GC (80 vs. 56.5%, P < 0.01) and NUD (80 vs. 55.2%, P= 0.002). cagA positive H. pylori isolates were detected in 80 per cent in GC, 83.3 per cent in PUD and 76.7 per cent in NUD with no significant difference among them. Only A subtype of cagA3/ was detected and its distribution in GC, PUD and NUD was 68.8, 69.4 and 52.6 per cent respectively. Presence of babA2 genotype was 31.4 per cent and it had significant association with PUD when compared with NUD (52.8 vs. 26.3%, P<0.003). On univariate regression analysis, s1a allele was associated with GC (P<0.050) and s1a/m2 vacA genotype with both GC (P=0.014) and PUD (P=0.016). INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: H. pylori infection was strongly associated with PUD with a very high proportion of patients with GC have s1a allele and s1a/m2 vacA genotype. Both s1a/m2 vacA genotype and babA2 are associated with PUD. The study shows that different virulence attributes of H. pylori are involved in different gastroduodenal disorders.

Hearing outcome in infants following correction of maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy.

PURPOSE: There is significant prevalence of overt and subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnant women in rural areas. Maternal hypothyroidism is known to cause congenital hypothyroidism resulting in sensorineural hearing loss. Anti-Thyroperoxidase antibodies are known to cross placental barrier. There is no literature on hearing assessment in infants born to women whose hypothyroidism was corrected during pregnancy. Do these infants suffer hearing loss? Our study addresses this question. METHODS: 140 infants born to women on treatment for hypothyroidism during pregnancy and 140 infants born to euthyroid women were evaluated for hearing by Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometrry at 1 and 4 months age. Anti-TPO antibodies were estimated at 4 months of age. RESULTS: There was no clinical hearing deficit or delay in neurological development in infants born to women undergoing treatment for hypothyroidism during pregnancy. However wave V latency on BERA was slightly prolonged in them compared to infants born to euthyroid women. There was absence of wave V when maternal subclinical hypothyroidism persisted till parturition. However within 6-8months of age the wave V latencies corrected to normal. Anti-TPO antibodies were within normal range at 4months age. CONCLUSION: Maternal hypothyroidism when corrected before parturition does not affect hearing in the infants clinically. The mild delay in wave V on BERA corrects within first year of life. However larger studies to assess hearing in infants born to women having overt hypothyroidism during first trimester of pregnancy may be desirable to assess whether hearing is adversely affected in them.

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Peritonitis Guidelines - Consensus Statement of Peritoneal Dialysis Society of India - 2020.

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) related peritonitis is a major cause of technique failure, morbidity, and mortality in patients on CAPD. Its prevention and management is key to success of CAPD program. Due to variability in practice, microbiological trends and sensitivity towards antibiotics, there is a need for customized guidelines for management of CAPD related peritonitis (CAPDRP) in India. With this need, Peritoneal Dialysis Society of India (PDSI) organized a structured meeting to discuss various aspects of management of CAPDRP and formulated a consensus agreement which will help in management of patients with CAPDRP.

Successful medical management of renal zygomycosis: a summary of two cases and a review of the Indian literature.

We present two cases of renal zygomycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans and Mycocladus corymbifer in previously healthy immunocompetent males and an overview of the disease in India. In both cases a percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) was performed and the etiologic agents were identified by direct microscopy and culture. Amphotericin B was administered and both patients recovered completely. A review of the literature revealed 42 cases of renal zygomycosis in India. The majority of them were from the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, in North India. In contrast to cases from the developed world where transplant recipients and patients with hematological malignancies seem to be most vulnerable to zygomycosis, the most common risk factor in India is uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. However, renal zygomycosis is an exception and the patients in both of our cases had no identifiable underlying disorder and recovered successfully without nephrectomy. It is important to emphasize that treatment of A. elegans must be aggressive and lipid formulations of antifungals are typically favored due to their limited side effects profile and ability of the clinician to use higher doses. A high index of clinical suspicion and knowledge of the varied manifestations in diagnosing this condition cannot be overemphasized.

Immunoglobulin IgG Fc-receptor polymorphisms and HLA class II molecules in Guillain-Barré syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze host genetic factors immunoglobulin G Fc receptors (FcgammaRs) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II in GBS patients. METHODS: FcgammaRIIA, IIIA and IIIB polymorphisms were studied in 80 each GBS patients and healthy controls by allele specific PCR. HLA class II DRbeta1 and DQbeta1 typing was performed at the two-digit level by PCR in randomly selected 54 GBS patients and 202 controls. RESULTS: FcgammaRIIA-H/H (56% vs 9%; P < 0.0001) and FcgammaRIIIA-V/V (40% vs 13%; P < 0.0001) genotypes, H131 allele frequencies (0.73 vs 0.26, P < 0.0001) and HLA DQbeta1*060x (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.26-3.04; P < 0.01) were significantly increased in GBS than controls. DRbeta1*0701 alone (OR, 10; 95% CI, 45.90-2.25; P < 0.001) and together with FcgammaRIIA-H/H (OR, 11.03; 95% CI, 2.63-46.20; P < 0.001) was significantly associated with GBS patients having microbiological evidence of recent infection. CONCLUSIONS: The study indicates that homozygous FcgammaRIIA and FcgammaRIIIA genotypes and FcgammaRIIA H131 allele are associated with GBS. HLA class II molecule DRbeta1*0701 is identified as novel genetic risk factor for development of GBS in patients with preceding infection.

Hypothyroidism elicits electrophysiological noradrenergic subsensitivity in rat cerebellum.

discharge rats of Purkinje neurons were compared in control and hypothyroid adult rats. Purkinje neurons in hypothyroid rats fired significantly faster and were less sensitive to iontophoretically applied norepinephrine than those in control rats. The subsensitivity of the Purkinje neurons appeared to be primarily due to an alteration in the beta-receptor--adenylate cyclase complex, because the sensitivity of these cells to locally applied N6-monobutyryl adenosine 3'-5'-monophosphate (N6 cyclic AMP) did not change significantly. The sensitivity of the Purkinje neurons to norepinephrine could be restored in hypothyroid rats by administration of triiodothyronine.

Esterase, malate, and lactate dehydrogenases activity in murine neuroblastoma.

Mouse neuroblastoma tumors have only the fifth isozyme band (A(4)) of lactate dehydrogenase, whereas this band is missing in the brain which contained four other bands of lactate dehydrogenase. The alpha-esterase isozyme patterns of tumors, kidney, and brain are similar except that there is an additional slowest-moving form of esterase in all tumor tissues. The malate dehydrogenase pattern is not altered in any of the tissues.

Dopamine protects mice against whole-body irradiation.

Injection of dopamine before whole-body x-irradiation of mice resulted in 80 percent survivors whereas no irradiated controls survived; injection after exposure had no effect. D,L-Dihydroxyphenylalanine, the precursor of dopamine, had no effect on survival when injected either before or after irradiation.

Neuroblastoma: drug-induced differentiation increases proportion of cytoplasmic RNA that contains polyadenylic acid.

The production of cytoplasmic RNA that contains polyadenylic acid is increased, relative to total cytoplasmic RNA, in a neuroblastoma clone, NBE-(A), after induction of differentiation by 4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone, an inhibitor of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase. The amount of RNA that contains polyadenylic acid in cytoplasm may be greater in such differentiated neuroblastoma cells than in proliferating control cells.