Biomass Derived Biofluorescent Carbon Dots for Energy Applications: Current Progress and Prospects.

Biomass resources are often disposed of inefficiently and it causes environmental degradation. These wastes can be turned into bio-products using effective conversion techniques. The synthesis of high-value bio-products from biomass adheres to the principles of a sustainable circular economy in a variety of industries, including agriculture. Recently, fluorescent carbon dots (C-dots) derived from biowastes have emerged as a breakthrough in the field, showcasing outstanding fluorescence properties and biocompatibility. The C-dots exhibit unique quantum confinement properties due to their small size, contributing to their exceptional fluorescence. The significance of their fluorescent properties lies in their versatile applications, particularly in bio-imaging and energy devices. Their rapid and straight-forward production using green/chemical precursors has further accelerated their adoption in diverse applications. The use of green precursors for C-dot not only addresses the biomass disposal issue through a scientific approach, but also establishes a path for a circular economy. This approach not only minimizes biowaste, which also harnesses the potential of fluorescent C-dots to contribute to sustainable practices in agriculture. This review explores recent developments and challenges in synthesizing high-quality C-dots from agro-residues, shedding light on their crucial role in advancing technologies for a cleaner and more sustainable future.

Structure property correlation in lithium borophosphate glasses.

To investigate the influence of cation mobility variation due to the mixed glass former effect, 0.45Li(2)O-(0.55-x)P(2)O(5)-xB(2)O(3) glasses (0≤x≤0.55) are studied keeping the molar ratio of Li(2)O/(P(2)O(5)+B(2)O(3)) constant. Addition of B(2)O(3) into lithium phosphate glasses increases the glass transition temperature (T(g)) and number density, decreases the molar volume, and generally renders the glasses more fragile. The glass system has been characterised experimentally by XRD, XPS and impedance studies and studied computationally by constant volume molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and bond valence (BV) method to identify the structural variation with increasing the B(2)O(3) content, its consequence for Li(+) ion mobility, as well as the distribution of bridging and non-bridging oxygen atoms. These studies indicate the increase of P-O-B bonds (up to Y=[B(2)O(3)]/([B(2)O(3)]+[P(2)O(5)])≈0.5 and B-O-B bonds, as well as the decrease of P-O-P bonds and non-bridging oxygens (NBOs) with rising B(2)O(3) content. The system with Y≈0.5 exhibits maximum ionic conductivity, 1.0×10(-7) S cm(-1), with activation energy 0.63 V. Findings are rationalised by a model of structure evolution with varying B(2)O(3) content Y and an empirical model quantifying the effect of the various structural building blocks on the ionic conductivity in this mixed glass former system.