Nematodes of amphibians from Java, Indonesia, with a description of new species, Meteterakis wonosoboensis n. sp. (Nematoda : Heterakoidea).

During a survey on the parasites of amphibians of Indonesia, toads (30 Bufo melanostictus) and 246 frogs (213 Fejervarya cancrivora, 11 F. limnocharis, 22 Rana macrodon from West Java and 68 F. cancrivora from Central Java) were examined for parasitic nematodes. Three species of nematodes were found and described, i.e. Meteterakis wonosoboensis n. sp. from Fejervaria cancrivora; Meteterakis japonica from Bufo melanostictus, F. cancrivora and F. limnocharis; and Chabaudus sp. from F. cancrivora, F. limnocharis and Rana macrodon. Meteterakis wonosoboensis n. sp. is distinguished from other species of the genus by the length and shape of spicules, the number of caudal papillae, the presence of gubernaculum in male and the presence of vulval flap in female. Bufo melanostictus and Java are recorded as new host and locality for M. japonica, respectively.

A checklist of nematode parasites from Indonesian murids.

A checklist of nematode parasites from Indonesian murids with their geographic distribution is presented. This checklist is compiled from three sources: the catalogue of nematode parasites of Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (unpublished specimens in the collection), data from our previous research and articles on nematodes of Indonesian murids. This checklist is presented as a list of nematode parasites with host information, and a host list with information on their nematodes. This paper reports 38 nominal species of nematodes and 13 species identified to the generic level only. The nematodes reported comprise 32 genera and 17 families parasitizing 32 species of Indonesian murids.

Arthrostoma supriatnai sp. nov. (Nematoda: Ancylostomatidae) parasitic in Mydaus javanensis (Carnivora: Mephitidae) from Mount Ciremai, Java, Indonesia.

Arthrostoma supriatnai sp. nov. was described from Mydaus javanensis obtained from Mount Ciremai, Java, Indonesia. It is characterized by having a buccal capsule with ten articulated plates including a pair of additional lateral plates. To date, the genus Arthrostoma consists of eleven species that are native to Asia. Of them, only A. miyazankiense and A. tunkanati have ten articulated plates including the lateral plates. However, the present species has a much stouter body, being readily distinguishable from these two species. Moreover, its male has much shorter spicules than A. miyazakiense, and an arrow-shaped gubernaculum, differing from A. tunkanati, in which gubernaculum is distally bifid. In the female, the present species is readily distinguished from these two species in the shape and number of vulval swellings.

A new species of Spinicauda (Nematoda: Heterakidae) from Gonocephalus kuhlii (Reptilia: Agamidae) of Ciremai Mountain, Java-Indonesia.

Spinicauda ciremaiensis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Heterakidae) from the large intestine of Gonocephalus kuhlii (Reptilia: Agamidae) collected in Gunung Ciremai National Park, West Java, Indonesia is described and illustrated. Of the five described species of Spinicauda from the Oriental region, Spinicauda ciremaiensis sp. nov. comes closest to S. sumatrana in having 14 pairs of caudal papillae and the presence of a tail filament. However, the new species differs from S. sumatrana in the longer spicula, smaller eggs, and weak sclerotization of the gubernaculum. S. ciremaiensis sp. nov. is also the only species belonging to the genus Spinicauda which has a sclerotized accessories piece of gubernaculum. A key to the species of Spinicauda is also provided. [http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:785F2D63-E5EB-4E4C-A7E1-7F7E7AD7C392].

Three new species of Cloacininae (Nematoda: Strongyloidea) parasitic in Dorcopsis muelleri (Schlegel, 1866) from Papua and Salawati island, Indonesia.

Three new species of Cloacininae are described from Dorcopsis muelleri obtained from Salawati Island and Kaimana, Papua. Cloacina woworae sp. nov. differs from all congeners by having postero-lateral and medio-lateral rays not fused and the esophagus wider anterior to the nerve ring. Compared to its congeners, C. beveridgei sp. nov. resembles C. caballeroi Mawson, 1977, C. cretheis Beveridge, 2002, C. erigone Beveridge, 2002, and C. syphax Beveridge Speare, 1999 in the morphology of the dorsal ray.  However, C. beveridgei has distal segments of sub-median papillae longer than the proximal segments. This character differentiates it from C. caballeroi, C. cretheis, and C. erigone, which have the distal segment of the sub-median papilla shorter than the proximal. Furthermore, this new species can be distinguished with C. syphax in having a shorter vagina vera and in the shape of the anterior region of the vagina. Cervonemella kaimanaensis sp. nov. differs from Ce. reardoni, the sole species in the genus Cervonemella, in the shape and longer vagina, shorter and slender tail, shorter position of vulva from posterior end and longer spicules.

Description of New Species of Coronostrongylus and Dorcopsistrongylus (Strongylida: Chabertiidae) from Dorcopsis muelleri (Macropodidae) from Kumawa Mountains, West Papua, Indonesia.

New species of Coronostrongylus and Dorcopsistrongylus (Strongyloidea: Chabertiidae) are described from Dorcopsis muelleri (Macropodidae) from Kumawa Mountains, West Papua, Indonesia. Coronostrongylus hasegawai n.sp .is most similar to C. spearei, the only other species described from New Guinea, in having 24 longitudinal pleats in the buccal cavity and spicules less than 1,400 long. Coronostrongylus hasegawai differs from C. spearei, in a suite of characters including the shape of the cephalic collar, the proportions of the buccal capsule, the disposition of the bursal rays, the length of the spicules and the proportions of the ovejector. Dorcopsistrongylus supriyatnai n.sp differs from all congeners in lacking large anteriorly directed intestinal diverticula. The genus Coronostrongylus is found in Australia and New Guinea while the genus Dorcopsistrongylus appears to be endemic to New Guinea.

New species of Dorcopsinema and Paralabiostrongylus (Nematoda: Chabertiidae: Cloacininae) from Indonesia, with a key to species of Dorcopsinema.

Two new species of nematodes (Chabertiidae: Labiostrongylinea) from Dorcopsis muelleri in Raja Ampat Island, Papua, were described and figured. Dorcopsinema longispicularis sp.nov.is most similar to D. simile, but can be distinguished from it in being a smaller worm with longer spicules and a relatively longer oesophagus, as well as in the form of the posterior lip of the genital cone, the form of the spicule tips and the spiked tip of the female tail. Paralabiostrongylus rajampatensis sp. nov. differs from its congener, P. bicollaris, in having the deirids and excretory pore at about the same level, and in the form of the dorsal ray, with lateral branches proximal to the bifurcation of the dorsal trunk, the relatively longer spicule with ala extending to the tip and the form of the posterior lip of the genital cone. 

The first report of new species: Trichuris landak n. sp.

OBJECTIVE: To study nematode parasites morphology of Hystrix javanica (H. javanica), both through the feces and internal organs. METHODS: Feces were observed by direct smear method, internal organs were observed after dissecting the host. Specimens for light microscopy examination were fixed with 70% warm alcohol, cleared and mounted in lactophenol for wet mounting. Specimens for SEM examination were postfixed in cacodylate buffer and glutaraldehyde, dehydrated through a graded series of alcohol and freeze dried. The specimens were attached to stubs with double cello-tape, coated with gold and observed with a JSM5310 LV electron microscope. Figures were made with the aid of a drawing tube attached to Olympus compound microscope, other figures were photographs of scanning electron microscope images. Measurements were given in micrometers as the mean followed by the range in parentheses, unless otherwise stated. RESULTS: The nematode species found in the intestine of H. javanica are Gireterakis girardi and a new species, Trihuris landak. The new species differs with previously reported species from Hystrix because of having stylet and short cervical alae. The pattern of bacillary band is closed to Trichuris trichiurus, the species that infect human, but differs because the surface of its vulva is not covered with densely spine. CONCLUSIONS: The species of nematodes found on H. javanica were Gireterakis girardi and a new species Trichuris landak n.sp. Those two species are newly recorded in Indonesia.

New host and locality records of snake intestinal nematode Kalicephalus spp in Indonesia.

OBJECTIVE: To observe three species of Kalicephalus found in three species of snake (Ophiophagus hannah, Ptyas mucosus, and Naja Sputatrix) during research on Capture Snake for Trading in Java and Snake Biodiversity in Kalimantan Islands. METHODS: Specimens for light microscopy examination were fixed with warm 70% alcohol, cleared and mounted in lactophenol for wet mounting. Drawings were made with the aid of a drawing tube attached to a Nikon compound microscope. Measurements were given in micrometers (µ) as the average of findings, followed by the range in parentheses, unless otherwise stated. RESULTS: Kalicephalus (Costatus) indicus was found from 7 Ptyas mucosus, Kalicephalus bungari from 2 Naja sputatrix and 1 Kalicephalus (Costatus) indicus and Kalicephalus assimilis found from 1 Ophiophagus hannah. The morphology and measurement of three species of Kalicephalus found in this study were close to those described before. CONCLUSIONS: New finding of host of Kalicephalus (Costatus) indicus and Kalicephalus bungari was a snake species of Naja sputatrix. New records of locality were Kalimantan island as the new locality of Kalicephalus assimilis, and Java island was new locality of Kalicephalus (Costatus) indicus.

Nematode parasite, Auchenacantha spp of flying lemur, Cynocephalus variegatus (Audebert, 1799) from Indonesia: Morphological study with SEM.

OBJECTIVE: To observe morphology of Auchenacantha galeopteri (A. galeopteri), Auchenacantha spinosa (A. spinosa) and Auchenacantha parva (A. parva) from Sukabumi and Ujung Kulon, Indonesia using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). METHODS: Specimens for light microscopy examination were fixed with warm 70% alcohol, cleared and mounted in lactophenol for wet mounting. Drawings were made with the aid of a drawing tube attached to a Nikon compound microscope. Specimens for SEM examination were processed according to Bozzola. Measurements were given in micrometers (µm) as the average of findings, followed by the range in parentheses, unless otherwise stated. RESULTS: The measurements of Auchenacantha spp are same with those of previously described. The striations of male and female A. galeopteri are widen towards outside and wavy. The mouth of female with 6 lips, each of them is wider at base than distal end in A. galeopteri and rectangular in A. spinosa. Both species have dentiform protrusion from inner surface of lips, such structure absent in A. parva, but the lips with transverse festoon like pattern at anterior end of each lip. CONCLUSIONS: Using SEM, the lip and the striation pattern of three species of Auchenacantha can be clearly distinguished. Sukabumi and Ujung Kulon are new locality of A. galeopteri and A. spinosa, and A. parva is the new record in Indonesia.

Two new species of Dorcopsistrongylus (Strongylida: Strongyloidea) from Dorcopsis muelleri (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) from Papua Indonesia.

In a survey of the brown dorcopsis, Dorcopsis muelleri , on Salawati Island, Papua, Indonesia, 2 new species were found in the stomach. Dorcopsistrongylus ewini n. sp. can be differentiated from its congeners in having the proximal end of the spicule twisted and from Dorcopsistrongylus labiacarinatus in having shorter intestinal diverticula and in the proportions of the elements of the ovejector. Dorcopsistrongylus salawatiensis n. sp. can be differentiated from its congeners in having bilobed lateral lip-like elements and an elongated terminal bulb of the esophagus. A survey of other Dorcopsis and Dorcopsulus spp. may reveal more species of Dorcopsistrongylus .