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1.
Nat Immunol ; 25(5): 902-915, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38589618

RESUMEN

Repetitive exposure to antigen in chronic infection and cancer drives T cell exhaustion, limiting adaptive immunity. In contrast, aberrant, sustained T cell responses can persist over decades in human allergic disease. To understand these divergent outcomes, we employed bioinformatic, immunophenotyping and functional approaches with human diseased tissues, identifying an abundant population of type 2 helper T (TH2) cells with co-expression of TCF7 and LEF1, and features of chronic activation. These cells, which we termed TH2-multipotent progenitors (TH2-MPP) could self-renew and differentiate into cytokine-producing effector cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells and follicular helper T (TFH) cells. Single-cell T-cell-receptor lineage tracing confirmed lineage relationships between TH2-MPP, TH2 effectors, Treg cells and TFH cells. TH2-MPP persisted despite in vivo IL-4 receptor blockade, while thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) drove selective expansion of progenitor cells and rendered them insensitive to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in vitro. Together, our data identify TH2-MPP as an aberrant T cell population with the potential to sustain type 2 inflammation and support the paradigm that chronic T cell responses can be coordinated over time by progenitor cells.


Asunto(s)
Factor Nuclear 1-alfa del Hepatocito , Hipersensibilidad , Factor de Unión 1 al Potenciador Linfoide , Células Madre Multipotentes , Factor 1 de Transcripción de Linfocitos T , Células Th2 , Humanos , Factor de Unión 1 al Potenciador Linfoide/metabolismo , Factor de Unión 1 al Potenciador Linfoide/genética , Células Th2/inmunología , Factor Nuclear 1-alfa del Hepatocito/metabolismo , Factor Nuclear 1-alfa del Hepatocito/genética , Hipersensibilidad/inmunología , Células Madre Multipotentes/metabolismo , Células Madre Multipotentes/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular , Citocinas/metabolismo , Linfopoyetina del Estroma Tímico , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Ratones
2.
Nat Immunol ; 23(3): 446-457, 2022 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35177831

RESUMEN

T cells acquire a regulatory phenotype when their T cell antigen receptors (TCRs) experience an intermediate- to high-affinity interaction with a self-peptide presented via the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Using TCRß sequences from flow-sorted human cells, we identified TCR features that promote regulatory T cell (Treg) fate. From these results, we developed a scoring system to quantify TCR-intrinsic regulatory potential (TiRP). When applied to the tumor microenvironment, TiRP scoring helped to explain why only some T cell clones maintained the conventional T cell (Tconv) phenotype through expansion. To elucidate drivers of these predictive TCR features, we then examined the two elements of the Treg TCR ligand separately: the self-peptide and the human MHC class II molecule. These analyses revealed that hydrophobicity in the third complementarity-determining region (CDR3ß) of the TCR promotes reactivity to self-peptides, while TCR variable gene (TRBV gene) usage shapes the TCR's general propensity for human MHC class II-restricted activation.


Asunto(s)
Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T alfa-beta , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T , Linaje de la Célula , Regiones Determinantes de Complementariedad/genética , Péptidos , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T alfa-beta/genética , Linfocitos T Reguladores
3.
Nat Immunol ; 20(7): 902-914, 2019 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31209404

RESUMEN

Lupus nephritis is a potentially fatal autoimmune disease for which the current treatment is ineffective and often toxic. To develop mechanistic hypotheses of disease, we analyzed kidney samples from patients with lupus nephritis and from healthy control subjects using single-cell RNA sequencing. Our analysis revealed 21 subsets of leukocytes active in disease, including multiple populations of myeloid cells, T cells, natural killer cells and B cells that demonstrated both pro-inflammatory responses and inflammation-resolving responses. We found evidence of local activation of B cells correlated with an age-associated B-cell signature and evidence of progressive stages of monocyte differentiation within the kidney. A clear interferon response was observed in most cells. Two chemokine receptors, CXCR4 and CX3CR1, were broadly expressed, implying a potentially central role in cell trafficking. Gene expression of immune cells in urine and kidney was highly correlated, which would suggest that urine might serve as a surrogate for kidney biopsies.


Asunto(s)
Riñón/inmunología , Nefritis Lúpica/inmunología , Biomarcadores , Biopsia , Análisis por Conglomerados , Biología Computacional/métodos , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Citometría de Flujo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Inmunofenotipificación , Interferones/metabolismo , Riñón/metabolismo , Riñón/patología , Leucocitos/inmunología , Leucocitos/metabolismo , Nefritis Lúpica/genética , Nefritis Lúpica/metabolismo , Nefritis Lúpica/patología , Linfocitos/inmunología , Linfocitos/metabolismo , Anotación de Secuencia Molecular , Células Mieloides/inmunología , Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Análisis de la Célula Individual , Transcriptoma
4.
Nat Immunol ; 20(7): 928-942, 2019 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31061532

RESUMEN

To define the cell populations that drive joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), mass cytometry, bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and flow cytometry to T cells, B cells, monocytes, and fibroblasts from 51 samples of synovial tissue from patients with RA or osteoarthritis (OA). Utilizing an integrated strategy based on canonical correlation analysis of 5,265 scRNA-seq profiles, we identified 18 unique cell populations. Combining mass cytometry and transcriptomics revealed cell states expanded in RA synovia: THY1(CD90)+HLA-DRAhi sublining fibroblasts, IL1B+ pro-inflammatory monocytes, ITGAX+TBX21+ autoimmune-associated B cells and PDCD1+ peripheral helper T (TPH) cells and follicular helper T (TFH) cells. We defined distinct subsets of CD8+ T cells characterized by GZMK+, GZMB+, and GNLY+ phenotypes. We mapped inflammatory mediators to their source cell populations; for example, we attributed IL6 expression to THY1+HLA-DRAhi fibroblasts and IL1B production to pro-inflammatory monocytes. These populations are potentially key mediators of RA pathogenesis.


Asunto(s)
Artritis Reumatoide/genética , Artritis Reumatoide/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Membrana Sinovial/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , Artritis Reumatoide/patología , Autoinmunidad/genética , Biomarcadores , Biología Computacional/métodos , Estudios Transversales , Citocinas/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Citometría de Flujo , Expresión Génica , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/métodos , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase II/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase II/inmunología , Humanos , Leucocitos/inmunología , Leucocitos/metabolismo , Monocitos/inmunología , Monocitos/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Análisis de la Célula Individual/métodos , Membrana Sinovial/patología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Flujo de Trabajo
6.
Nature ; 631(8022): 857-866, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38987586

RESUMEN

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is prototypical autoimmune disease driven by pathological T cell-B cell interactions1,2. Expansion of T follicular helper (TFH) and T peripheral helper (TPH) cells, two T cell populations that provide help to B cells, is a prominent feature of SLE3,4. Human TFH and TPH cells characteristically produce high levels of the B cell chemoattractant CXCL13 (refs. 5,6), yet regulation of T cell CXCL13 production and the relationship between CXCL13+ T cells and other T cell states remains unclear. Here, we identify an imbalance in CD4+ T cell phenotypes in patients with SLE, with expansion of PD-1+/ICOS+ CXCL13+ T cells and reduction of CD96hi IL-22+ T cells. Using CRISPR screens, we identify the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) as a potent negative regulator of CXCL13 production by human CD4+ T cells. Transcriptomic, epigenetic and functional studies demonstrate that AHR coordinates with AP-1 family member JUN to prevent CXCL13+ TPH/TFH cell differentiation and promote an IL-22+ phenotype. Type I interferon, a pathogenic driver of SLE7, opposes AHR and JUN to promote T cell production of CXCL13. These results place CXCL13+ TPH/TFH cells on a polarization axis opposite from T helper 22 (TH22) cells and reveal AHR, JUN and interferon as key regulators of these divergent T cell states.


Asunto(s)
Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos , Quimiocina CXCL13 , Interferón Tipo I , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-jun , Receptores de Hidrocarburo de Aril , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico/metabolismo , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular , Quimiocina CXCL13/metabolismo , Epigenómica , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Interferón Tipo I/inmunología , Interferón Tipo I/metabolismo , Interleucina-22/inmunología , Interleucina-22/metabolismo , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/inmunología , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/metabolismo , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-jun/metabolismo , Receptores de Hidrocarburo de Aril/metabolismo , Linfocitos T Colaboradores-Inductores/inmunología , Linfocitos T Colaboradores-Inductores/metabolismo
7.
Nature ; 623(7987): 616-624, 2023 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37938773

RESUMEN

Rheumatoid arthritis is a prototypical autoimmune disease that causes joint inflammation and destruction1. There is currently no cure for rheumatoid arthritis, and the effectiveness of treatments varies across patients, suggesting an undefined pathogenic diversity1,2. Here, to deconstruct the cell states and pathways that characterize this pathogenic heterogeneity, we profiled the full spectrum of cells in inflamed synovium from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. We used multi-modal single-cell RNA-sequencing and surface protein data coupled with histology of synovial tissue from 79 donors to build single-cell atlas of rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue that includes more than 314,000 cells. We stratified tissues into six groups, referred to as cell-type abundance phenotypes (CTAPs), each characterized by selectively enriched cell states. These CTAPs demonstrate the diversity of synovial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, ranging from samples enriched for T and B cells to those largely lacking lymphocytes. Disease-relevant cell states, cytokines, risk genes, histology and serology metrics are associated with particular CTAPs. CTAPs are dynamic and can predict treatment response, highlighting the clinical utility of classifying rheumatoid arthritis synovial phenotypes. This comprehensive atlas and molecular, tissue-based stratification of rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue reveal new insights into rheumatoid arthritis pathology and heterogeneity that could inform novel targeted treatments.


Asunto(s)
Artritis Reumatoide , Humanos , Artritis Reumatoide/complicaciones , Artritis Reumatoide/genética , Artritis Reumatoide/inmunología , Artritis Reumatoide/patología , Citocinas/metabolismo , Inflamación/complicaciones , Inflamación/genética , Inflamación/inmunología , Inflamación/patología , Membrana Sinovial/patología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/genética , Fenotipo , Análisis de Expresión Génica de una Sola Célula
9.
Immunol Rev ; 307(1): 191-202, 2022 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35103314

RESUMEN

Pathologic T cell-B cell interactions underlie many autoimmune diseases. The T cells that help B cells in autoimmune diseases vary in phenotype and include T cells that lack typical features of T follicular helper cells, such as expression of CXCR5 and BCL6. A population of PD-1hi CXCR5- T peripheral helper (Tph) cells has now been recognized in multiple autoantibody-associated diseases. Tph cells display a distinctive set of features, merging the ability to provide B cell help with the capacity to migrate to inflamed peripheral tissues. Here, we review the scope of immune-related conditions in which Tph cells have been implicated and provide a perspective on their potential contributions to pathologic B cell activation in autoimmune diseases. We discuss Tph cells as a promising therapeutic strategy in autoimmunity and consider the utility of tracking Tph cells in blood as a biomarker to quantify aberrant T cell-B cell activation in patients with autoimmune diseases.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Autoinmunes , Linfocitos T Colaboradores-Inductores , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/metabolismo , Linfocitos B , Humanos , Activación de Linfocitos , Receptores CXCR5/metabolismo
11.
Eur Respir J ; 63(2)2024 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37996243

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The principal aim of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) management is to improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and symptoms. METHODS: In this open-label randomised controlled trial, patients with symptomatic MPE were randomly assigned to either indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) insertion with the option of talc pleurodesis or chest drain and talc pleurodesis. The primary end-point was global health status, measured with the 30-item European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) at 30 days post-intervention. 142 participants were enrolled from July 2015 to December 2019. RESULTS: Of participants randomly assigned to the IPC (n=70) and chest drain (n=72) groups, primary outcome data were available in 58 and 56 patients, respectively. Global health status improved in both groups at day 30 compared with baseline: IPC (mean difference 13.11; p=0.001) and chest drain (mean difference 10.11; p=0.001). However, there was no significant between-group difference at day 30 (mean intergroup difference in baseline-adjusted global health status 2.06, 95% CI -5.86-9.99; p=0.61), day 60 or day 90. No significant differences were identified between groups in breathlessness and chest pain scores. All chest drain arm patients were admitted (median length of stay 4 days); seven patients in the IPC arm required intervention-related hospitalisation. CONCLUSIONS: While HRQoL significantly improved in both groups, there were no differences in patient-reported global health status at 30 days. The outpatient pathway using an IPC was not superior to inpatient treatment with a chest drain.


Asunto(s)
Pacientes Ambulatorios , Derrame Pleural Maligno , Humanos , Catéteres de Permanencia/efectos adversos , Derrame Pleural Maligno/terapia , Derrame Pleural Maligno/etiología , Pacientes Internos , Calidad de Vida , Talco/uso terapéutico , Pleurodesia , Resultado del Tratamiento
12.
Ann Rheum Dis ; 83(8): 1006-1017, 2024 Jul 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38531610

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Diffuse central nervous system manifestations, referred to as neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE), are observed in 20-40% of lupus patients and involve complex mechanisms that have not yet been adequately elucidated. In murine NPSLE models, choroid plexus (ChP)-infiltrating T cells have not been fully evaluated as drivers of neuropsychiatric disease. METHOD: Droplet-based single-cell transcriptomic analysis (single-cell RNA sequencing) and immune T-cell receptor profiling were performed on ChP tissue from MRL/lpr mice, an NPSLE mouse model, at an 'early' and 'late' disease state, to investigate the infiltrating immune cells that accumulate with NPSLE disease progression. RESULTS: We found 19 unique clusters of stromal and infiltrating cells present in the ChP of NPSLE mice. Higher resolution of the T-cell clusters uncovered multiple T-cell subsets, with increased exhaustion and hypoxia expression profiles. Clonal analysis revealed that the clonal CD8+T cell CDR3 sequence, ASGDALGGYEQY, matched that of a published T-cell receptor sequence with specificity for myelin basic protein. Stromal fibroblasts are likely drivers of T-cell recruitment by upregulating the VCAM signalling pathway. Systemic blockade of VLA-4, the cognate ligand of VCAM, resulted in significant resolution of the ChP immune cell infiltration and attenuation of the depressive phenotype. CONCLUSION: Our analysis details the dynamic transcriptomic changes associated with murine NPSLE disease progression, and highlights its potential use in identifying prospective lupus brain therapeutic targets.


Asunto(s)
Plexo Coroideo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Vasculitis por Lupus del Sistema Nervioso Central , Animales , Plexo Coroideo/inmunología , Plexo Coroideo/patología , Vasculitis por Lupus del Sistema Nervioso Central/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos MRL lpr , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Femenino , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/métodos
13.
J Autoimmun ; 148: 103299, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39096716

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Autoantibodies and autoimmune diseases after SARS-CoV-2 infection are widely reported. Given evolving variants, milder infections, and increasing population vaccination, we hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 infection earlier in the pandemic would be associated with more autoimmune connective tissue disease (CTD) symptoms and immunologic abnormalities. METHODS: Patients ≥18 years old with COVID-19 3/1/2020-8/15/2022 completed the CTD Screening Questionnaire and were tested for 27 autoimmune serologies, SARS-CoV-2 serologies, cell-bound complement activation products (CB-CAPs), and T and B lymphocyte immunophenotypes by flow cytometry. We assessed relationships between symptoms, serologies, and immunophenotypes in earlier (3/1/2020-1/31/2021) vs. later (2/1/2021-8/15/2022) periods, with different predominating SARS-CoV-2 viruses. RESULTS: 57 subjects had earlier and 23 had later pandemic COVID-19. 35 % of earlier vs. 17 % of later pandemic patients had CTD symptoms (p 0.18). More patients were antinuclear antibody (ANA) positive (44 % vs. 13 %, p 0.01) and had lupus anticoagulant (11 % vs. 4 %, p 0.67). After adjustment for age, race, and sex, earlier (vs. later) COVID-19 was associated with increased ANA positivity (OR 4.60, 95%CI 1.17, 18.15). No subjects had positive CB-CAPs. T and B cell immunophenotypes and SARS-CoV-2 serologies did not differ by group. In heatmap analyses, higher autoantibody variety was seen among those with infection in the early pandemic. CONCLUSION: In this sample, having COVID-19 infection in the earlier (pre-2/1/2021) vs. later pandemic was associated with more CTD symptoms, ANA positivity, and autoantibody reactivities. Earlier SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating in a less vaccinated population with less natural immunity may have been more immunogenic.


Asunto(s)
Autoanticuerpos , Enfermedades Autoinmunes , COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/inmunología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , SARS-CoV-2/inmunología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/inmunología , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/epidemiología , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/diagnóstico , Autoanticuerpos/inmunología , Autoanticuerpos/sangre , Anciano , Adulto , Enfermedades del Tejido Conjuntivo/inmunología , Enfermedades del Tejido Conjuntivo/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Tejido Conjuntivo/epidemiología , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Autoinmunidad , Anticuerpos Antinucleares/sangre , Anticuerpos Antinucleares/inmunología , Factores de Tiempo , Inmunofenotipificación
14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38530774

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Lupus nephritis (LN) can occur as an isolated component of disease activity or be accompanied by diverse extrarenal manifestations. Whether isolated renal disease is sufficient to decrease health related quality of life (HRQOL) remains unknown. This study compared Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 29-Item (PROMIS-29) scores in LN patients with isolated renal disease to those with extrarenal symptoms to evaluate the burden of LN on HRQOL and inform future LN clinical trials incorporating HRQOL outcomes. METHODS: A total of 181 LN patients consecutively enrolled in the multicentre multi-ethnic/racial Accelerating Medicines Partnership completed PROMIS-29 questionnaires at the time of a clinically indicated renal biopsy. Raw PROMIS-29 scores were converted to standardized T scores. RESULTS: Seventy-five (41%) patients had extrarenal disease (mean age 34, 85% female) and 106 (59%) had isolated renal (mean age 36, 82% female). Rash (45%), arthritis (40%) and alopecia (40%) were the most common extrarenal manifestations. Compared with isolated renal, patients with extrarenal disease reported significantly worse pain interference, ability to participate in social roles, physical function, and fatigue. Patients with extrarenal disease had PROMIS-29 scores that significantly differed from the general population by > 0.5 SD of the reference mean in pain interference, physical function, and fatigue. Arthritis was most strongly associated with worse scores in these three domains. CONCLUSION: Most patients had isolated renal disease and extrarenal manifestations associated with worse HRQOL. These data highlight the importance of comprehensive disease management strategies that address both renal and extrarenal manifestations to improve overall patient outcomes.

15.
Blood ; 140(10): 1094-1103, 2022 09 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35714308

RESUMEN

Gout is a common inflammatory arthritis caused by precipitation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in individuals with hyperuricemia. Acute flares are accompanied by secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß). Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is an age-related condition predisposing to hematologic cancers and cardiovascular disease. CHIP is associated with elevated IL-1ß, thus we investigated CHIP as a risk factor for gout. To test the clinical association between CHIP and gout, we analyzed whole exome sequencing data from 177 824 individuals in the MGB Biobank (MGBB) and UK Biobank (UKB). In both cohorts, the frequency of gout was higher among individuals with CHIP than without CHIP (MGBB, CHIP with variant allele fraction [VAF] ≥2%: odds ratio [OR], 1.69; 95% CI, 1.09-2.61; P = .0189; UKB, CHIP with VAF ≥10%: OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.05-1.50; P = .0133). Moreover, individuals with CHIP and a VAF ≥10% had an increased risk of incident gout (UKB: hazard ratio [HR], 1.28; 95% CI, 1.06-1.55; P = .0107). In murine models of gout pathogenesis, animals with Tet2 knockout hematopoietic cells had exaggerated IL-1ß secretion and paw edema upon administration of MSU crystals. Tet2 knockout macrophages elaborated higher levels of IL-1ß in response to MSU crystals in vitro, which was ameliorated through genetic and pharmacologic Nlrp3 inflammasome inhibition. These studies show that TET2-mutant CHIP is associated with an increased risk of gout in humans and that MSU crystals lead to elevated IL-1ß levels in Tet2 knockout murine models. We identify CHIP as an amplifier of NLRP3-dependent inflammatory responses to MSU crystals in patients with gout.


Asunto(s)
Dioxigenasas , Gota , Animales , Hematopoyesis Clonal , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Dioxigenasas/genética , Gota/genética , Humanos , Inflamasomas/genética , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Ratones , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/genética , Ácido Úrico/química , Ácido Úrico/farmacología
16.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med ; 208(11): 1177-1195, 2023 12 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37756440

RESUMEN

Rationale: Despite the importance of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the immune cell landscape in the lung tissue of patients with mild-moderate disease has not been well characterized at the single-cell and molecular level. Objectives: To define the immune cell landscape in lung tissue from patients with mild-moderate COPD at single-cell resolution. Methods: We performed single-cell transcriptomic, proteomic, and T-cell receptor repertoire analyses on lung tissue from patients with mild-moderate COPD (n = 5, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease I or II), emphysema without airflow obstruction (n = 5), end-stage COPD (n = 2), control (n = 6), or donors (n = 4). We validated in an independent patient cohort (N = 929) and integrated with the Hhip+/- murine model of COPD. Measurements and Main Results: Mild-moderate COPD lungs have increased abundance of two CD8+ T cell subpopulations: cytotoxic KLRG1+TIGIT+CX3CR1+ TEMRA (T effector memory CD45RA+) cells, and DNAM-1+CCR5+ T resident memory (TRM) cells. These CD8+ T cells interact with myeloid and alveolar type II cells via IFNG and have hyperexpanded T-cell receptor clonotypes. In an independent cohort, the CD8+KLRG1+ TEMRA cells are increased in mild-moderate COPD lung compared with control or end-stage COPD lung. Human CD8+KLRG1+ TEMRA cells are similar to CD8+ T cells driving inflammation in an aging-related murine model of COPD. Conclusions: CD8+ TEMRA cells are increased in mild-moderate COPD lung and may contribute to inflammation that precedes severe disease. Further study of these CD8+ T cells may have therapeutic implications for preventing severe COPD.


Asunto(s)
Linfocitos T CD8-positivos , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Proteómica , Pulmón/metabolismo , Inflamación , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T
17.
Blood ; 138(14): 1225-1236, 2021 10 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34115827

RESUMEN

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a clinically heterogeneous collection of lymphomas of the skin-homing T cell. To identify molecular drivers of disease phenotypes, we assembled representative samples of CTCLs from patients with diverse disease subtypes and stages. Via DNA/RNA-sequencing, immunophenotyping, and ex vivo functional assays, we identified the landscape of putative driver genes, elucidated genetic relationships between CTCLs across disease stages, and inferred molecular subtypes in patients with stage-matched leukemic disease. Collectively, our analysis identified 86 putative driver genes, including 19 genes not previously implicated in this disease. Two mutations have never been described in any cancer. Functionally, multiple mutations augment T-cell receptor-dependent proliferation, highlighting the importance of this pathway in lymphomagenesis. To identify putative genetic causes of disease heterogeneity, we examined the distribution of driver genes across clinical cohorts. There are broad similarities across disease stages. Many driver genes are shared by mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS). However, there are significantly more structural variants in leukemic disease, leading to highly recurrent deletions of putative tumor suppressors that are uncommon in early-stage skin-centered MF. For example, TP53 is deleted in 7% and 87% of MF and SS, respectively. In both human and mouse samples, PD1 mutations drive aggressive behavior. PD1 wild-type lymphomas show features of T-cell exhaustion. PD1 deletions are sufficient to reverse the exhaustion phenotype, promote a FOXM1-driven transcriptional signature, and predict significantly worse survival. Collectively, our findings clarify CTCL genetics and provide novel insights into pathways that drive diverse disease phenotypes.


Asunto(s)
Linfoma Cutáneo de Células T/genética , Transcriptoma , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Proteína Forkhead Box M1/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Genes Supresores de Tumor , Humanos , Ratones , Mutación , Oncogenes , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética
18.
Nature ; 542(7639): 110-114, 2017 02 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28150777

RESUMEN

CD4+ T cells are central mediators of autoimmune pathology; however, defining their key effector functions in specific autoimmune diseases remains challenging. Pathogenic CD4+ T cells within affected tissues may be identified by expression of markers of recent activation. Here we use mass cytometry to analyse activated T cells in joint tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic immune-mediated arthritis that affects up to 1% of the population. This approach revealed a markedly expanded population of PD-1hiCXCR5-CD4+ T cells in synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. However, these cells are not exhausted, despite high PD-1 expression. Rather, using multidimensional cytometry, transcriptomics, and functional assays, we define a population of PD-1hiCXCR5- 'peripheral helper' T (TPH) cells that express factors enabling B-cell help, including IL-21, CXCL13, ICOS, and MAF. Like PD-1hiCXCR5+ T follicular helper cells, TPH cells induce plasma cell differentiation in vitro through IL-21 secretion and SLAMF5 interaction (refs 3, 4). However, global transcriptomics highlight differences between TPH cells and T follicular helper cells, including altered expression of BCL6 and BLIMP1 and unique expression of chemokine receptors that direct migration to inflamed sites, such as CCR2, CX3CR1, and CCR5, in TPH cells. TPH cells appear to be uniquely poised to promote B-cell responses and antibody production within pathologically inflamed non-lymphoid tissues.


Asunto(s)
Artritis Reumatoide/inmunología , Artritis Reumatoide/patología , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Linfocitos T Colaboradores-Inductores/inmunología , Linfocitos T Colaboradores-Inductores/patología , Artritis Reumatoide/sangre , Linfocitos B/patología , Diferenciación Celular , Movimiento Celular , Quimiocina CXCL13/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Proteína Coestimuladora de Linfocitos T Inducibles/metabolismo , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Factores Activadores de Macrófagos , Factor 1 de Unión al Dominio 1 de Regulación Positiva , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-6/metabolismo , Receptores CXCR5/deficiencia , Receptores CXCR5/metabolismo , Receptores de Quimiocina/metabolismo , Proteínas Represoras/metabolismo , Familia de Moléculas Señalizadoras de la Activación Linfocitaria/metabolismo , Líquido Sinovial/inmunología , Linfocitos T Colaboradores-Inductores/metabolismo
19.
Ann Rheum Dis ; 81(6): 805-814, 2022 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35168946

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Neutrophils are typically the most abundant leucocyte in arthritic synovial fluid. We sought to understand changes that occur in neutrophils as they migrate from blood to joint. METHODS: We performed RNA sequencing of neutrophils from healthy human blood, arthritic blood and arthritic synovial fluid, comparing transcriptional signatures with those from murine K/BxN serum transfer arthritis. We employed mass cytometry to quantify protein expression and sought to reproduce the synovial fluid phenotype ex vivo in cultured healthy blood neutrophils. RESULTS: Blood neutrophils from healthy donors and patients with active arthritis showed largely similar transcriptional signatures. By contrast, synovial fluid neutrophils exhibited more than 1600 differentially expressed genes. Gene signatures identified a prominent response to interferon gamma (IFN-γ), as well as to tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-6 and hypoxia, in both humans and mice. Mass cytometry confirmed that healthy and arthritic donor blood neutrophils are largely indistinguishable but revealed a range of neutrophil phenotypes in synovial fluid defined by downregulation of CXCR1 and upregulation of FcγRI, HLA-DR, PD-L1, ICAM-1 and CXCR4. Reproduction of key elements of this signature in cultured blood neutrophils required both IFN-γ and prolonged culture. CONCLUSIONS: Circulating neutrophils from patients with arthritis resemble those from healthy controls, but joint fluid cells exhibit a network of changes, conserved across species, that implicate IFN-γ response and ageing as complementary drivers of the synovial fluid neutrophil phenotype.


Asunto(s)
Artritis , Neutrófilos , Envejecimiento , Animales , Artritis/metabolismo , Humanos , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Ratones , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Fenotipo , Líquido Sinovial/metabolismo
20.
Rheumatology (Oxford) ; 61(11): 4335-4343, 2022 11 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35212719

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Delayed detection of LN associates with worse outcomes. There are conflicting recommendations regarding a threshold level of proteinuria at which biopsy will likely yield actionable management. This study addressed the association of urine protein:creatinine ratios (UPCR) with clinical characteristics and investigated the incidence of proliferative and membranous histology in patients with a UPCR between 0.5 and 1. METHODS: A total of 275 SLE patients (113 first biopsy, 162 repeat) were enrolled in the multicentre multi-ethnic/racial Accelerating Medicines Partnership across 15 US sites at the time of a clinically indicated renal biopsy. Patients were followed for 1 year. RESULTS: At biopsy, 54 patients had UPCR <1 and 221 had UPCR ≥1. Independent of UPCR or biopsy number, a majority (92%) of patients had class III, IV, V or mixed histology. Moreover, patients with UPCR <1 and class III, IV, V, or mixed had a median activity index of 4.5 and chronicity index of 3, yet 39% of these patients had an inactive sediment. Neither anti-dsDNA nor low complement distinguished class I or II from III, IV, V or mixed in patients with UPCR <1. Of 29 patients with baseline UPCR <1 and class III, IV, V or mixed, 23 (79%) had a UPCR <0.5 at 1 year. CONCLUSION: In this prospective study, three-quarters of patients with UPCR <1 had histology showing class III, IV, V or mixed with accompanying activity and chronicity despite an inactive sediment or normal serologies. These data support renal biopsy at thresholds lower than a UPCR of 1.


Asunto(s)
Nefritis Lúpica , Humanos , Estudios Prospectivos , Incidencia , Proteinuria/diagnóstico , Pruebas de Función Renal , Riñón/patología
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