Primary splenic lymphoma in patient with hepatitis C virus infection: case report and review of the literature.

Primary splenic lymphoma is uncommon, constituting only 1-2% of all patients with malignant lymphoma. Despite the rarity of this malignancy, the number of primary splenic lymphoma being reported has increased due to its ambiguous definition used in the literature. We describe a case of a 41-year-old man with chronic hepatitis C virus infection presenting abdominal discomfort in the upper left quadrant, weakness, nausea and vomiting. Abdominal computed tomography revealed nodules in the congested splenic parenchyma. Splenectomy was performed and an analysis of the spleen diagnosed B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Biopsy of the liver showed evidence of hepatitis C virus. Bone marrow biopsy revealed no tumor infiltration. The patient has been followed to date, has progressed quite well and remains essentially asymptomatic. Recently, an etiologically important role has been suggested for hepatitis C virus infection in the development of B-cell non Hodgkin's lymphoma. Lymphotropism of hepatitis C virus may play a pathological role in the development of non Hodgkin's lymphoma. It is important to add lymphoma to the list of differential diagnosis of extrahepatic disorders in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection.

Spontaneous hematoma of the rectus abdominis sheath: a review of 177 cases with report of 7 personal cases.

Hematoma of the rectus abdominis muscle sheath is a little known and rarely diagnosed condition, in spite of its definite clinical setting and treatment. It is very important to the surgeon, as it may be mistaken frequently for acute inflammatory abdominal conditions and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intra-abdominal tumors. The literature on 177 cases of non-traumatic hematomas of the rectus abdominis muscle sheath is reviewed, including seven personal cases reported by the authors. Its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic examinations and treatment are discussed.

[Abdominal liposarcomas]. / Lipossarcomas abdominais.

Abdominal liposarcomas are a rare group of tumors and their principles of treatment are based in accumulated experiences of retrospective series. PURPOSE--To report seven cases of abdominal liposarcomas and to discuss the main diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of these tumors nowadays. METHODS--Seven patients operated for abdominal liposarcomas were in the Surgical Gastroenterology Discipline of Escola Paulista de Medicina (UFESP) during 30 months. The major clinic, ultrasonographic, tomographic, surgical and histopathological features were collected in each case. RESULTS--Authors call attention to the unusualness of these tumors, their propensity (while primary) to grow in their own place, without invading the tissues around or metastasizing, and when they are recurrent to their more aggressive malignity. They consider that computerized tomography is the most useful diagnostic procedure and they discard the need of percutaneous biopsy (guided or not) in the preoperative period. They emphasize the fundamental role of radical excision surgery in these tumors treatment and also emphasize the importance of the resection with proper margins, even if an associated resection of visceral organs is necessary. They consider that now radiotherapy and chemotherapy are not very effective methods to the adjuvant treatment of these tumors. CONCLUSION--It is important an accurate follow-up of the operated patients in order to indicate, when necessary, repetitive resection surgeries, even if they are palliative (citoredution surgeries), with the purpose of improving the expectation of life.

[Endoscopic sclerotherapy of bleeding esophagogastric varices and functional liver status]. / Escleroterapia endoscópica de varizes esofagogástricas sangrantes e estado funcional do fígado.

Endoscopic sclerotherapy of bleeding gastroesophageal varices was carried out in 52 patients within a sclerosis program for acute hemorrhage. According to Child's classification, 18 (34.6%) were A, 12 (23.1%) B and 22 (42.3%) C. The hemorrhagic focus was endoscopically proven in oesophageal varices in 45 (86.5%) and in 7 (13.5%) in gastric varices. The sclerotherapy was performed by both intra and extravascular injections of 3% ethanolamine according to treatment for emergency bleeding. The procedure was repeated on the 7th day or when necessary for recurrent hemorrhage. Hemostasis was achieved in 94.4% Child's class A, 75.0% Child's class B and 54.5% Child's class C, all of them with bleeding oesophageal varices. All patients with severe gastric hemorrhage (2 Child's class A, 2 Child's class B and 3 Child's class C) needed surgical treatment for uncontrolled bleeding. Liver failure and bleeding were the leading causes of death in 15 (68.1%) Child's class C and 2 (16.6%) Child's class B. There was no death in Child's class A. The conclusion was drawn that the results of endoscopic sclerotherapy of bleeding oesophageal varices was effective and clearly related to liver function. The endoscopic sclerotherapy, however, was not able to control severe hemorrhage from gastric varices and this was not related to liver function.

Primary gastric lymphoma: report of one case

Primary gastric lymphoma represents about 2 per cent of all neoplasms located in the stomach. In spite of the low frequency, it is an important diagnosis, since its prognosis differs significantly from gastric carcinomas. The authors present 1 case and underscores the difficulty of establishing a pre-operative diagnosis through clinical, laboratorial and radiological findings and mainly because upper digestive endoscopy hardly differentiates it from carcinoma.

Lipossarcomas abdominais / Abdominal liposarcomas

Lipossarcomas àbdominais constituem um grupo de tumores pouco freqüentes e, por isso, os princípios de tratamento desses tumores baseiam-se em experiências acumuladas no passado em séries retrospectivas. OBJETIVO. Apresentar sete casos de lipossarcomas abdominais de grandes proporçöes e discutir os principais aspectos diagnósticos e terapêuticos desses tumores na atualidade.MÉTODOS. Foram estudados sete doentes operados com lipossarcoma abdominal em um período de dois anos e meio na Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Cirúrgica da Escola Paulista de Medicina. Foram coletados os principais aspectos clínicos, ultrasonográficos e tomográficos, bem como os achados cirúrgicos e histopatológicos decada caso. RESULTADOS. Os autores chamam a atençäo para a raridade desses tumoree para sua tendência, quando primários, a crescer localmente, sem invadir os tecidos ao seu redor ou metastizar a distância, e, quando recidivantes, a exibir maior multicentricidade e malignidade mais agressiva. Consideram a tomografia computadorizada e mais útil procedimento diagnóstico e descartam a necessidade de biópsia percutânea, dirigida ou näo, no pré-operatório. Ressaltam o papel fundamental da cirurgia excisional radical no tratamento desses tumores e chamam a atençäo para a importância da ressecçäo com margens de segurança adequadas, mesmo quepara tal haja necessidade de ressecçäo associada de vísceras. Consideram a radioterapia e a quimioterapia como métodos pouco eficazes, no momento, para o tratamento adjuvante desses tumores. CONCLUSÄO. É importante um seguimento acurado dospacientes operados, com a indicaçäo, quando necessário, de repetidas cirurgias de ressecçäo, mesmo paliativas (cirurgias citorredutoras), no sentido de melhoriana expectativa de sobrevida.

Aspectos endoscópicos das varizes do esôfago e do estomago em doentes esquistossomóticos no pós-operatório imediato e tardio (dez anos) de anastomose espleno-renal distal / Endoscopic aspects of esophageal and gastric varices in schistosomiatic patients in the early and late (ten years) post-operative of distal spleno-renal anastomosis

Os autores apresentam observaçöes endoscópicas de varizes do esôfago e do estômago no pós-operatório imediato e tardio (dez anos) de 18 doentes esquistossomáticos submetidos a anastomose espleno-renal distal.

Escleroterapia endoscópica de varizes esofagogástricas sangrantes e estado funcional do fígado / Endoscopic sclerotherapy of bleeding esophagogastric varices and functional liver status

Os autores analisam os resultados da esclerose endoscópica aplicada em 52 doentes com hemorragia digestiva por varizes de esôfago e estômago. A avaliaçäo funcional do fígado, de acordo com critérios de Child, permitiu a classificaçäo de 34,6// Child A, 23,1// Child B e 42,1// Child C. Os doentes foram submetidos a endoscopia digestiva alta após anestesia tópica do orofaringe com xilocaina 10// e sedaçäo com benzodiazepínico 10 mg endovenoso. Foi empregada soluçäo de oleato de etnolamina a 4// em volume médio total de 28mL injetada preferencialmente intravasal. Foi observado, durante exame endoscópico, sangramento ativo das varizes do esôfago em 46,1//, sangramento recente em 53,9//, neste último o local tendo sido identificado em mamilo varicoso. A hemostasia do sangramento foi obtida em 72,2// nos doentes Child A, 58,3// nos Child B e 45,4// Child C após primeira sessäo de esclerose. A recidiva hemorrágica ocorreu em 28,6// Child A, 41,7// Child B e 54,6// Child C. A hemostasia após segunda sessäo de esclerose foi de 94,4// Child A, 75// child B e 54,5// Child C. As complicaçöes ocorreram em 30,7// dos doentes por escara no nível do mamilo varicoso esofágico, em 19,2// por dor retro-esternal e em 11,5// por febre. A mortalidade foi de 68,1// para doentes Child C, dos quais 45,4 por hemorragia persistente das varizes esofagianas e 22,7// por coma hepático. Neste grupo ocorreram três casos nos quais o sangramento foi por varizes de fundo gástrico e que a esclerose endoscópica näo foi eficaz para coibi-lo e todos evoluíram para óbito. Nos doentes Child B o óbito esteve representado por coma hepático em 16,6//. Entre os doentes Child A näo ocorreram óbitos. A esclerose de varizes esofágicas sangrantes constituiu método hemostático eficaz; entretanto, essa eficácia esteve diretamente relacionada com o estado funcional do fígado. A esclerose de varizes sangrantes do fundo gástrico näo constituiu método hemostático eficaz e este fato näo esteve relacionado com a funçäo hepática