RESUMEN
A novel Mg-based bimetal reagent (Mg/Cu) was used as an enhanced reductive system to degrade insensitive munition 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), a contaminant found in energetic-laden waste. Degradation of DNAN was significantly impacted by dissolved oxygen and studied in anoxic and oxic bimetal systems (i.e., purging with N2, air, or O2 gas). Degradation occurred through sequential nitroreduction: first one nitro group was reduced (ortho or para) to form short-lived intermediates 2-amino-4-nitroanisole or 4-amino-2-nitroanisole (2-ANAN or 4-ANAN), and then subsequent reduction of the other nitro group formed 2,4-diaminoanisole (DAAN). The nitro-amino intermediates demonstrated regioselective reduction in the ortho position to 2-ANAN; Regioselectivity was also impacted by the anoxic/oxic environment. Under O2-purging DNAN degradation rate was slightly enhanced, but most notably O2 significantly accelerated DAAN generation. DAAN also further degraded only in the oxygenated Mg/Cu system. Adsorption of DNAN byproducts to the reagent occurred regardless of anoxic/oxic condition, resulting in a partition of carbon mass between the adsorbed phase (27%-35%) and dissolved phase (59%-72%). Additional surface techniques were applied to investigate contaminant interaction with Cu. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations identified preferential adsorption structures for DNAN on Cu with binding through two O atoms of one or both nitro groups. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements determined the oxidation state of catalytic metal Cu and formation of a Cu-O-N bond during treatment. Laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) measurements also identified intermediate 2-ANAN adsorbed to the bimetal surface.
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Anisoles , Metales , Espectroscopía de Absorción de Rayos X , Anisoles/química , Espectrometría de MasasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The definitive diagnosis of melanocytic neoplasia using solely histopathologic evaluation can be challenging. Novel techniques that objectively confirm diagnoses are needed. This study details the development and validation of a melanoma prediction model from spatially resolved multivariate protein expression profiles generated by imaging mass spectrometry (IMS). METHODS: Three board-certified dermatopathologists blindly evaluated 333 samples. Samples with triply concordant diagnoses were included in this study, divided into a training set (n = 241) and a test set (n = 92). Both the training and test sets included various representative subclasses of unambiguous nevi and melanomas. A prediction model was developed from the training set using a linear support vector machine classification model. RESULTS: We validated the prediction model on the independent test set of 92 specimens (75 classified correctly, 2 misclassified, and 15 indeterminate). IMS detects melanoma with a sensitivity of 97.6% and a specificity of 96.4% when evaluating each unique spot. IMS predicts melanoma at the sample level with a sensitivity of 97.3% and a specificity of 97.5%. Indeterminate results were excluded from sensitivity and specificity calculations. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that IMS-based proteomics results are highly concordant to diagnostic results obtained by careful histopathologic evaluation from a panel of expert dermatopathologists.
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Melanoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Espectrometría de Masa por Láser de Matriz Asistida de Ionización Desorción/métodos , Humanos , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Acetic acid adsorption and reactions at multiple surface coverage values on Ni(110) were studied with temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) at 90-500 K. The experimental measurements were interpreted with density functional theory (DFT) calculations that provided information on adsorbate geometries, energies, and vibrational modes. Below the monolayer saturation coverage of 0.36 ML at 90 K, acetic acid adsorbs mostly molecularly. Above this coverage, a physisorbed layer is formed with dimers and catemers, without detectable monomers. Dimers and catemers desorb as molecular acetic acid at 157 and 172 K, respectively. Between 90 and 200 K, the O-H bond in acetic acid breaks to form bridge-bonded bidentate acetate that becomes the dominant surface species. Desorption-limited hydrogen evolution is observed at 265 K. However, even after the acetate formation, acetic acid desorbs molecularly at 200-300 K due to recombination. Minor surface species observed at 200 K, acetyls or acetates with a carbonyl group, decompose below 350 K and generate adsorbed carbon monoxide. At 350 K, the surface likely undergoes restructuring, the extent of which increases with acetic acid coverage. The initial dominant bridge-bonded bidentate acetate species formed below 200 K remain on the surface, but they now mostly adsorb on the restructured sites. The acetates and all other remaining hydrocarbon species decompose simultaneously at 425 K in a narrow temperature range with concurrent evolution of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. Above 425 K, only carbon remains on the surface.
RESUMEN
Interactions between oxygen and gold surfaces are fundamentally important in diverse areas of science and technology. In this work, an oxygen dimer structure was observed and identified on gold nanoparticles in catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water. This structure, which is different from isolated atomic or molecular oxygen surface structures, was observed with in situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic measurements and identified with density functional theory calculations. The experimental measurements were performed using monodisperse 5, 50 and 400â nm gold particles supported on silica with liquid-phase hydrogen and deuterium peroxides at multiple pH values. The calculations show that on surfaces with coordinatively unsaturated gold atoms, two oxygen atoms preferentially share a gold atom with a bond distance of 0.194-0.196â nm and additionally bind to two other surface gold atoms with a larger bond distance of 0.203-0.213â nm, forming an Au-O-Au-O-Au structure. The formation of this structure depends on reaction rates and conditions.
RESUMEN
Although in most cases one can easily distinguish between atypical fibroxanthomas and angiosarcomas, hemorrhagic atypical fibroxanthomas can pose a diagnostic problem. In rare cases, the large atypical cells of atypical fibroxanthoma can stain with CD31, leading to the erroneous diagnosis of angiosarcoma. We elected to further study this conundrum with 2 additional markers of lymphatic and vascular elements, namely D2-40 (podoplanin) and Fli-1, respectively. We studied 26 cases of atypical fibroxanthoma and 20 cases of angiosarcoma with Fli-1 and D2-40. We found that both Fli-1 and D2-40 stained a majority of cases of angiosarcoma (16/20 and 12/20, respectively), although only staining a minority of cases of atypical fibroxanthoma (8/26 for both). In addition, D2-40 staining of atypical fibroxanthoma was usually weak when positive, whereas Fli-1 staining of angiosarcomas was mostly strong and nuclear. Thus, both D2-40 and Fli-1 seem to be useful in distinguishing between atypical fibroxanthomas and angiosarcomas.
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Anticuerpos Monoclonales de Origen Murino , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Hemangiosarcoma/química , Inmunohistoquímica , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/análisis , Proteína Proto-Oncogénica c-fli-1/análisis , Neoplasias Cutáneas/química , Xantomatosis/metabolismo , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Hemangiosarcoma/patología , Humanos , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Xantomatosis/patologíaRESUMEN
We report 2 cases of patients who presented with blue macules clinically suspicious for blue nevi. One patient had no documented history of trauma or silver exposure, and the other reported exposure to silver over 30 years ago. Microscopic examination revealed a dermal population of brown-black globules predominantly adhering to collagen fibers. In both cases, no melanocytic proliferation was identified by immunohistochemistry. Analysis of the skin biopsies with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of silver and selenium. These findings were diagnostic of localized cutaneous argyria. Our case reports highlight the importance of including localized cutaneous argyria in the differential diagnosis of pigmented lesions.
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Argiria/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Anciano , Microanálisis por Sonda Electrónica , Humanos , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nevo Azul/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnósticoRESUMEN
We present the case of a 77-year-old male undergoing treatment for mycosis fungoides (MF) who presented for removal of an acrochordon on his mid back. Histopathologic examination of the acrochordon revealed a dense, band-like lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis with epidermotropism of single lymphocytes and small nests of lymphocytes into the lower epidermis. Immunohistochemical staining characterized the dermal and epidermal lymphocytic population as CD3-positive T lymphocytes with a predominance of CD4-positive over CD8-positive lymphocytes. These findings were consistent with the patient's known MF and molecular identification of a clonal T-cell receptor gene rearrangement further supported the diagnosis. Our unusual case reports MF involving an acrochordon and provides evidence to support the importance of submitting acrochordons for histopathologic examination.
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Micosis Fungoide/patología , Papiloma/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Piel/patología , Anciano , Antimetabolitos Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Relación CD4-CD8 , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/patología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/patología , Células Clonales , Quimioterapia Combinada , Ácido Fólico/uso terapéutico , Reordenamiento Génico de Linfocito T , Humanos , Masculino , Metotrexato/uso terapéutico , Micosis Fungoide/tratamiento farmacológico , Micosis Fungoide/genética , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Papiloma/genética , Papiloma/cirugía , Neoplasias Cutáneas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) status is the greatest prognostic factor of morbidity in melanoma. D2-40 antibody specifically marks lymphatic endothelium and has been used for identifying lymphatic invasion (LI) in multiple cancers. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the relationship between melanoma lymphatic invasion (as detected using D2-40 on primary melanoma biopsies/excisions) and the presence or absence of melanoma in subsequent SLN biopsy. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated LI using D2-40 on primary biopsies/excisions from patients with thin to intermediate thickness (Breslow thickness: ≤2.0 mm) melanomas, who underwent lymphatic mapping and SLN biopsy, and whose SLN status was known. Sixty-four cases met the criteria and were available for analysis. We analyzed patient age, patient sex, mitotic rate, ulceration, tumor depth, and D2-40 detected LI as predictors of SLN status. RESULTS: Lymphatic invasion detection increased from 3.1% using hematoxylin and eosin only to 21.9% using D2-40. Twelve of 14 patients with D2-40 LI were SLN positive (positive predictive value, 85.7%). D2-40 LI was detected in the primary biopsy specimen of 12 of 18 patients with a positive SLN (sensitivity 66.7%). Of 50 patients without D2-40 LI, 44 were SLN negative (negative predictive value, 88.0%). Of 46 SLN-negative patients, 44 did not have D2-40 LI (specificity, 95.7%). LIMITATIONS: Results are retrospective and limited to SLN biopsy performed at one institution. CONCLUSIONS: On univariate and multivariate analysis, D2-40-detected LI was the most significant predictor of SLN status. D2-40 antibody staining to detect lymphatic invasion should be incorporated in routine melanoma biopsy evaluation.
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Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Melanoma/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Anticuerpos Monoclonales de Origen Murino , Femenino , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Biopsia del Ganglio Linfático Centinela/métodosRESUMEN
Cutaneous focal mucinosis has been rarely reported in association with follicular induction of the epidermis. We present 2 cases of focal mucinosis with follicular induction and describe the histopathologic findings to create awareness of this association and to prevent confusion with other diagnoses such as dermatofibroma with follicular induction or superficial basal cell carcinoma.
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Mucinosis Folicular/patología , Anciano , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patologíaRESUMEN
We report the third case of eccrine syringofibroadenoma (ESFA) arising in peristomal skin. A 55-year-old man presented with a 15- x 10-cm pale pink verrucous, exophytic, intermittently tender plaque involving his ileostomy site. He had undergone proctocolectomy with ileostomy creation 33 years prior for ulcerative colitis. The clinical differential diagnosis included granulomatous dermatitis, infection (fungus or atypical mycobacterium), or neoplasm. A punch biopsy specimen was performed and showed ESFA. Although ESFA is considered to be benign, recent reports have demonstrated an association of ESFA with malignancy or malignant transformation of ESFA. Furthermore, ESFA and reported cases of ileostomy carcinoma share similar clinical symptoms at presentation including pain, irritation, ulceration, bleeding, and the presence of a fungating mass. The lesion was, therefore, excised in toto and the excisional specimen showed no evidence of malignancy. We speculate that ESFA is a reaction to chronic irritation and, analogous to other long-standing reactive processes such as lichen sclerosis or burn scar ulcers, may be associated with malignant transformation. Because of this possibility and the clinical overlap with ileostomy carcinoma, peristomal ESFA should be treated with complete excision. If it is not amenable to complete excision because of lesion size or anatomic complexity, generous sampling and close clinical follow-up are recommended.
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Adenoma de las Glándulas Sudoríparas/patología , Glándulas Ecrinas/patología , Enterostomía/efectos adversos , Fibroadenoma/patología , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Sudoríparas/patología , Adenoma de las Glándulas Sudoríparas/cirugía , Fibroadenoma/cirugía , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Sudoríparas/cirugíaRESUMEN
Numerous studies have shown that stretching routines can induce strength and force deficits, although the amount of stretching needed to cause these deficits remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between varying amounts of acute static stretching on jumping performance. By systematically increasing the amount of stretching, possible differences in jump height may be discovered, defining a line where acute static stretching becomes detrimental to performance. Ten collegiate athletes and 10 recreational athletes completed 3 different stretching treatments and 1 control treatment on different days in a within-treatment design. Stretching treatments consisted of 2, 4, or 6 sets of stretches, with each stretch held for 15 seconds with a 15-second rest. Stretches were done to the quadriceps, hamstrings, and plantar flexors. Upon arrival, each subject performed a 5-minute warm-up on a stationary upright cycle. After a brief rest period, participants performed 3 trials of a vertical jump test, followed by one of the treatment protocols. After another rest period, a second set of vertical jump trials was performed. Post-6 sets was significantly lower than Pre-6 sets (p < or = 0.05). Additionally, Post-6 sets was significantly lower than Pre-4 sets, Pre-2 sets, and Pre-control (p < or = 0.05). No other conditions were significantly different. In conclusion, 6 sets of stretches, or 90 seconds per muscle group, should not be performed before power activities such as jumping where optimal performance is desired.
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Contracción Muscular/fisiología , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Ejercicios de Estiramiento Muscular/métodos , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/métodos , Deportes/fisiología , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , Humanos , Pierna , Masculino , Resistencia Física , Docilidad , Probabilidad , Valores de Referencia , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Post-radiotherapy atypical vascular lesions (AVL) in mammary skin show significant clinical and histopathologic overlap with well-differentiated angiosarcoma (AS) and pose a considerable diagnostic and managerial challenge when encountered. OBJECTIVE: We review Stanford's experience with diagnosing AVL and formulate a clinicopathologic approach to these lesions. METHODS: We performed a clinicopathologic study on 11 cases that were initially diagnosed as AVL and examined whether there are specific clinical or histopathologic features that delineate AVLs from well-differentiated AS. RESULTS: Clinically, all patients were women with a mean age of 68.1 years, had a history of infiltrating breast carcinoma, and were treated by excision with postoperative radiation therapy. All lesions were located in mammary skin within the prior radiation field. The clinical presentation included erythema, telangiectasias, papules, plaques, and nodules. All patients were diagnosed with AVL on initial biopsy. Six patients showed no recurrence or progression of disease following incomplete excision with no further therapy (3/6) or re-excision with negative margins (3/6). The remaining 5 patients were shown to have AS in the re-excision specimen. The patients diagnosed with AS were older and had a shorter interval from radiation as compared to those who did not experience an adverse outcome. Histologically, all initial biopsy specimens were transected and were characterized by complex, anastomosing vascular proliferations with dilated spaces. Each case was morphologically evaluated according to the AVL criteria of Fineberg and Rosen. Three cases met all of the criteria for AVL, and these patients showed no progression of disease. The remaining cases met most but not all diagnostic criteria for AVL and showed some features of AS, but fell short of a definitive diagnosis of AS, including the 5 cases that were subsequently diagnosed as angiosarcoma. LIMITATIONS: This retrospective study utilized a small number of cases from a single consultation service; therefore, some inherent selection bias may exist. CONCLUSION: We could not identify unequivocal clinical or histologic criteria that allows for a sharp separation between AVL and AS. Dermatologists and pathologists need to be aware of the overlap between AVL and well-differentiated AS and all patients who receive a diagnosis of AVL should undergo complete excision with close clinical follow-up and biopsy of any new lesions.
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Neoplasias de la Mama/radioterapia , Hemangiosarcoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/etiología , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/etiología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Enfermedades Vasculares/etiología , Enfermedades Vasculares/patología , Anciano , Neoplasias de la Mama/cirugía , Femenino , Hemangiosarcoma/patología , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
The etiology of mycosis fungoides (MF) is uncertain, although infectious agents and other environmental exposures have been implicated. We describe what appears to be the first case in which both a husband and his wife were diagnosed with large-cell transformation of MF. After 10 years of having stage I MF, the wife developed tumors that showed sheets of large transformed cells with dysplastic nuclei on skin biopsies, leading to a diagnosis of transformed MF. Her husband was diagnosed 14 months later with transformed MF following a biopsy of his right arm and leg after a 15-year history of presumed psoriasis. The fact that this rare occurrence happened in a couple who had been married for more than 25 years points to a common environmental exposure. Future studies should aim to clarify the potential role of infectious agents, such as human T-lymphotropic virus I and II, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and other environmental exposures, in the development of MF.
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Transformación Celular Neoplásica , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Matrimonio , Micosis Fungoide/etiología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/etiología , Virosis/complicaciones , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Micosis Fungoide/patología , Micosis Fungoide/virología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/virología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Sweet's syndrome is an acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis marked by attacks of painful, plaque-forming inflammatory papules accompanied by fever, arthralgias, peripheral leukocytosis, a diffuse dermal neutrophilic infiltrate, and prompt resolution of symptoms and lesions with glucocorticoid therapy. There are many reports of drug-induced Sweet's syndrome to various medications including all- trans -retinoic acid, carbamazepine, hydralazine, levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol, minocycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. We describe the first known case of Sweet's syndrome induced by pegfilgrastim, a pegylated form of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor with unique pharmacologic properties that may induce Sweet's syndrome in patients with no history of neutrophilic dermatoses associated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy.
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Vesícula/inducido químicamente , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos/efectos adversos , Neutropenia/congénito , Síndrome de Sweet/inducido químicamente , Vesícula/tratamiento farmacológico , Filgrastim , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Recuento de Leucocitos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neutropenia/tratamiento farmacológico , Neutrófilos/citología , Polietilenglicoles , Proteínas RecombinantesRESUMEN
PURPOSE: BRAF-inhibition (BRAFi) therapy for advanced melanoma carries a high rate of secondary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and risk of other cancers. UV radiation and α-genus human papillomavirus (HPV) are highly associated with SCC, but a novel role for ß-genus HPV is suspected in BRAFi-cSCC. Cutaneous ß-HPV may act in concert with host and environmental factors in BRAFi-cSCC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Primary BRAFi-cSCC tissue DNA isolated from patients receiving vemurafenib or dabrafenib from two cancer centers was analyzed for the presence of cutaneous oncogenic viruses and host genetic mutations. Diagnostic specimens underwent consensus dermatopathology review. Clinical parameters for UV exposure and disease course were statistically analyzed in conjunction with histopathology. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients contributed 69 BRAFi-cSCC lesions. BRAFi-cSCC had wart-like features (BRAFi-cSCC-WF) in 22% of specimens. During vemurafenib therapy, BRAFi-cSCC-WF arose 11.6 weeks more rapidly than conventional cSCC when controlled for gender and UV exposure (P value = 0.03). Among all BRAFi-cSCC, ß-genus HPV-17, HPV-38, HPV-111 were most frequently isolated, and novel ß-HPV genotypes were discovered (CTR, CRT-11, CRT-22). Sequencing revealed 63% of evaluated BRAFi-cSCCs harbored RAS mutations with PIK3CA, CKIT, ALK, and EGFR mutations also detected. CONCLUSIONS: We examined clinical, histopathologic, viral, and genetic parameters in BRAFi-cSCC demonstrating rapid onset; wart-like histomorphology; ß-HPV-17, HPV-38, and HPV-111 infection; UV damage; and novel ALK and CKIT mutations. Discovered ß-HPV genotypes expand the spectrum of tumor-associated viruses. These findings enhance our understanding of factors cooperating with BRAF inhibition that accelerate keratinocyte oncogenesis as well as broaden the knowledge base of multifactorial mediators of cancer in general.
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Carcinogénesis/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas B-raf/genética , Neoplasias Cutáneas/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Carcinogénesis/efectos de la radiación , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/complicaciones , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/fisiopatología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virología , Femenino , Humanos , Indoles/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Papillomaviridae/genética , Papillomaviridae/patogenicidad , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/fisiopatología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Cutáneas/fisiopatología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/virología , Sulfonamidas/administración & dosificación , Rayos Ultravioleta , VemurafenibRESUMEN
We have previously shown a reduction in lateral thermal damage with acute studies of skin incisions made in vitro using heat-conducting templates. Here we examined the wound-healing response to laser incisions with heat-conducting templates and explored the use of an optically transparent template with the free electron laser (FEL) at 6.45 microm. First we evaluated the effects of a sapphire heat-conducting template on the lateral thermal damage of FEL incisions using in vitro human skin samples. Next we compared wound tensile strength and histological scoring of the healing of incisions created on the dorsal pelts of live rats with the FEL utilizing metal and sapphire heat-conducting templates and scalpel incisions. The animals were euthanized and the wounds were analyzed at postoperative days 7, 14, and 21. The depth and lateral thermal damage of FEL incisions on in vitro human skin were significantly reduced with the sapphire heat-conducting template. Nonstatistically significant differences in wound tensile strengths and histological scoring of wound healing were noted at days 7 and 14. By day 21, all of the incisions appeared similar. When the data from days 7 and 14 were combined, statistically significant differences were found for each of the templates (except the histological evaluation with the aluminum template) and the scalpel compared with laser incisions made without using a template. The use of metal or sapphire heat-conducting templates reduced the wound-healing delay of laser incisions seen at postoperative days 7 and 14.
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Quemaduras/patología , Quemaduras/prevención & control , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Dermatologicos , Terapia por Láser/efectos adversos , Terapia por Láser/instrumentación , Protección Radiológica/instrumentación , Piel/patología , Cicatrización de Heridas/fisiología , Animales , Quemaduras/fisiopatología , Diseño de Equipo , Falla de Equipo , Humanos , Terapia por Láser/métodos , Traumatismos por Radiación/etiología , Traumatismos por Radiación/patología , Traumatismos por Radiación/prevención & control , Protección Radiológica/métodos , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Piel/lesiones , Piel/efectos de la radiación , Conductividad Térmica , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de la radiaciónRESUMEN
CD163, a hemoglobin scavenger receptor, is expressed in monocytes and macrophages. Recent work has shown that this marker is specific for neoplasms of histiocytic differentiation. Our aim was to test the ability of CD163 to separate cutaneous histiocytomas from their morphologic mimics. We tested the expression of CD163 in 78 cases, including 19 xanthogranulomas, 16 atypical fibroxanthomas, 6 reticulohistiocytomas, 8 epithelioid cell histiocytomas, 9 cases of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 10 xanthomas, and 10 intradermal Spitz nevi. CD163 expression was seen in all xanthogranulomas and reticulohistiocytomas, 4 epithelioid cell histiocytomas, 2 cases of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and 8 xanthomas but was absent in atypical fibroxanthomas and Spitz nevi. CD163 is an excellent marker for confirming histiocytic differentiation and is useful in eliminating morphologic mimics such as Spitz nevi from the differential diagnosis. The lack of CD163 in atypical fibroxanthomas argues against a histiocytic origin for this tumor.
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Antígenos CD/análisis , Antígenos de Diferenciación Mielomonocítica/análisis , Biomarcadores de Tumor/inmunología , Histiocitoma Fibroso Benigno/química , Histiocitoma Fibroso Benigno/inmunología , Receptores de Superficie Celular/análisis , Neoplasias Cutáneas/inmunología , Antígeno 12E7 , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/análisis , Niño , Preescolar , Histiocitoma Fibroso Benigno/patología , Humanos , Lactante , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neprilisina/análisis , Receptores Depuradores/análisis , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Activated Akt expression (p-Akt) is reportedly increased in many melanomas as compared with benign nevi. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare p-Akt immunohistological staining in benign nevi, Spitz nevi and primary melanomas. METHODS: Immunostaining for phosphorylated Akt was performed in 41 melanocytic lesions previously classified as benign intradermal nevus (14 lesions), Spitz nevus (9 lesions) or melanoma (18 lesions). Lesions were graded for intensity of p-Akt staining by two independent observers (0, no staining; 1, slightly positive; 2, moderately positive; 3, highly positive). Scores were averaged, and statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: Benign nevi showed less staining (mean score 1.18) compared with Spitz nevi (mean score 2.11) and melanomas (mean score 2.19). This difference was statistically significant between benign nevi and melanomas (p = 0.0047) and benign nevi and Spitz nevi (p = 0.0271). No statistical difference was detected in staining between Spitz nevi and melanomas (p = 0.8309). CONCLUSIONS: Activated Akt expression is increased in Spitz nevi and melanomas as compared with benign intradermal nevi, but is unlikely to prove useful in differentiating between the former.