RESUMEN
Aim: To explore the reasons for Italian midwives' decision to migrate, and their lived professional and emotional experiences. Methods: A descriptive phenomenological study was conducted recruiting Italian midwives who were working abroad in European countries. We offered a telephone or web interview. Two researchers conducted, audio-recorded, and fully transcribed the interviews and other two researchers, independently, performed a content analysis. Results: Thirty-two midwives having professional experiences in the UK, Ireland, Germany, Switzerland, and Spain were interviewed. Five themes emerged: 1) Education, 2) Migration decision-making, 3) Professional experience abroad, 4) Midwives' perceptions of their role, 5) Satisfaction versus desire to return. Our findings show a general dissatisfaction with Italian job opportunities in terms both of access to employment and work conditions. This scenario is complicated by the status of the professional midwifery in Italy. Conclusion: Stakeholders should ensure that the migration of Italian midwives is not synonymous with dispersion but is a channel of professional growth and mutual exchange.
Asunto(s)
Partería , Enfermeras Obstetrices , Embarazo , Humanos , Femenino , Enfermeras Obstetrices/psicología , Investigación Cualitativa , Europa (Continente) , ItaliaAsunto(s)
11-Hidroxicorticoesteroides/sangre , Úlcera Gástrica/inducido químicamente , Animales , Mucosa Gástrica/efectos de los fármacos , Inmovilización , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Quinolinas/farmacología , Ratas , Reserpina/farmacología , Úlcera Gástrica/sangre , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Fluorometry was applied to the study of the content of a number of amines (DOPA), adrenalin, noradrenaline) in the adrenal glands and various structures of the rat brain in endogenous deficiency of melanocyte-stimulating hormone of the hypophysis caused by parenteral administration of synthetic melanostatin (MIF) of the hypothalamus. The amines content in the adrenal glands medulla, and also in the medulla oblongata; the cerebellum, and the large hemispheres proved to change 30 to 60 min after MIF administration. The results obtained indicated that various links of the sympathico-adrenal system could take part in the mechanism of MIF action on the hypophysis.
Asunto(s)
Médula Suprarrenal/metabolismo , Hormona Inhibidora de la Liberación de MSH/farmacología , Hormonas Estimuladoras de los Melanocitos/deficiencia , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/metabolismo , Animales , Catecolaminas/metabolismo , Cerebelo/metabolismo , Depresión Química , Hormonas/farmacología , Masculino , Bulbo Raquídeo/metabolismo , Hormonas Estimuladoras de los Melanocitos/antagonistas & inhibidores , RatasRESUMEN
The mechanisms of fetal and newborn adaptation to extrauterine life after normal and abdominal delivery were under study. Laboratory and instrumental methods were employed to examine the status of the intrauterine fetus and the clinical picture of the newborn adaptation in the early neonatal period: radioimmunoassays of dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline were carried out in fetuses and newborns after normal delivery and after cesarean section performed before and in labor. The results evidence that the adaptation shifts develop later in the newborns after cesarean section performed before labor than in those born spontaneously or by cesarean section that was performed in labor. The same tendency can be traced in the changes developing in the sympathoadrenal system. This result brings the authors to a conclusion that planned cesarean section should be performed after the onset of labor, if possible.
Asunto(s)
Adaptación Fisiológica/fisiología , Cesárea , Feto/fisiopatología , Recién Nacido/fisiología , Segundo Periodo del Trabajo de Parto/fisiología , Estrés Fisiológico/fisiopatología , Puntaje de Apgar , Traumatismos del Nacimiento/etiología , Catecolaminas/sangre , Catecolaminas/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido/sangre , Segundo Periodo del Trabajo de Parto/sangre , Embarazo , Estrés Fisiológico/sangreRESUMEN
The content of two pituitary tropins (MSH and ACTH) has been determined in rats which were injected by the synthetic melanostatin to suppress MSH of the intermediate part of pituitary by radioimmune analysis. Besides, the function of the adrenal cortex according the content of corticosterone in various tissues was estimated. It has been revealed that the pituitary-adrenal complex activation is caused by the hypothalamic melanostatin suppression of the MSH secretion. All these testify the ACTH and MSH definite role in organisms adaptive reactions at different evolution steps.