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1.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(19)2022 Sep 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36232482

RESUMEN

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench is one of the most economically important medicinal plants, cultivated worldwide for its high medicinal value and with several industrial applications in both pharmaceutical and food industries. Thanks to its various phytochemical contents, including caffeic acid derivatives (CADs), E. purpurea extracts have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immuno-stimulating properties. Among CADs, chicoric acid is one of the most important compounds which have shown important pharmacological properties. The present research was aimed at optimizing the production of chicoric acid in E. purpurea cell culture. Methyl jasmonate (MeJa) at different concentrations and for different duration of treatments was utilized as elicitor, and the content of total polyphenols and chicoric acid was measured. Several genes involved in the chicoric acid biosynthetic pathway were selected, and their expression evaluated at different time points of cell culture growth. This was performed with the aim of identifying the most suitable putative molecular markers to be used as a proxy for the early prediction of chicoric acid contents, without the need of expensive quantification methods. A correlation between the production of chicoric acid in response to MeJa and an increased response to oxidative stress was also proposed.


Asunto(s)
Productos Biológicos , Echinacea , Acetatos , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Productos Biológicos/metabolismo , Ácidos Cafeicos , Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula , Ciclopentanos , Echinacea/química , Echinacea/metabolismo , Oxilipinas , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Succinatos
2.
Plant Cell Physiol ; 62(4): 610-623, 2021 Sep 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33508105

RESUMEN

In maize, nitrate regulates root development thanks to the coordinated action of many players. In this study, the involvement of strigolactones (SLs) and auxin as putative components of the nitrate regulation of lateral root (LR) was investigated. To this aim, the endogenous SL content of maize root in response to nitrate was assessed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and measurements of LR density in the presence of analogues or inhibitors of auxin and SLs were performed. Furthermore, an untargeted RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq)-based approach was used to better characterize the participation of auxin and SLs to the transcriptional signature of maize root response to nitrate. Our results suggested that N deprivation induces zealactone and carlactonoic acid biosynthesis in root, to a higher extent if compared to P-deprived roots. Moreover, data on LR density led to hypothesize that the induction of LR development early occurring upon nitrate supply involves the inhibition of SL biosynthesis, but that the downstream target of SL shutdown, besides auxin, also includes additional unknown players. Furthermore, RNA-seq results provided a set of putative markers for the auxin- or SL-dependent action of nitrate, meanwhile also allowing to identify novel components of the molecular regulation of maize root response to nitrate. Globally, the existence of at least four different pathways was hypothesized: one dependent on auxin, a second one mediated by SLs, a third deriving from the SL-auxin interplay, and a last one attributable to nitrate itself through further downstream signals. Further work will be necessary to better assess the reliability of the model proposed.


Asunto(s)
Compuestos Heterocíclicos con 3 Anillos/metabolismo , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismo , Lactonas/metabolismo , Nitratos/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Zea mays/crecimiento & desarrollo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Germinación , Hexanonas/farmacología , Nitratos/farmacología , Nitrógeno/metabolismo , Orobanchaceae/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Análisis de Secuencia de ARN , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Triazoles/farmacología , Zea mays/efectos de los fármacos , Zea mays/metabolismo
3.
Int J Mol Sci ; 22(24)2021 Dec 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34948219

RESUMEN

Superficial scald is a post-harvest chilling storage injury leading to browning of the surface of the susceptible cv Granny Smith apples. Wounding of skins has been reported to play a preventive role on scald development however its underlying molecular factors are unknown. We have artificially wounded the epidermal and sub-epidermal layers of apple skins consistently obtaining the prevention of superficial scald in the surroundings of the wounds during two independent vintages. Time course RNA-Seq analyses of the transcriptional changes in wounded versus unwounded skins revealed that two transcriptional waves occurred. An early wave included genes up-regulated by wounding already after 6 h, highlighting a specific transcriptional rearrangement of genes connected to the biosynthesis and signalling of JA, ethylene and ABA. A later transcriptional wave, occurring after three months of cold storage, included genes up-regulated exclusively in unwounded skins and was prevented from its occurrence in wounded skins. A significant portion of these genes was related to decay of tissues and to the senescence hormones ABA, JA and ethylene. Such changes suggest a wound-inducible reversed hormonal balance during post-harvest storage which may explain the local inhibition of scald in wounded tissues, an aspect that will need further studies for its mechanistic explanation.


Asunto(s)
Conservación de Alimentos , Frutas , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Malus , RNA-Seq , Frutas/genética , Frutas/metabolismo , Malus/genética , Malus/metabolismo
4.
Plant J ; 99(6): 1220-1241, 2019 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31125454

RESUMEN

The accumulation of secondary metabolites and the regulation of tissue acidity contribute to the important traits of grape berry and influence plant performance in response to abiotic and biotic factors. In several plant species a highly conserved MYB-bHLH-WD (MBW) transcriptional regulatory complex controls flavonoid pigment synthesis and transport, and vacuolar acidification in epidermal cells. An additional component, represented by a WRKY-type transcription factor, physically interacts with the complex increasing the expression of some target genes and adding specificity for other targets. Here we investigated the function of MBW(W) complexes involving two MYBs (VvMYB5a and VvMYB5b) and the WRKY factor VvWRKY26 in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Using transgenic grapevine plants we showed that these complexes affected different aspects of morphology, plant development, pH regulation, and pigment accumulation. Transcriptomic analysis identified a core set of putative target genes controlled by VvMYB5a, VvMYB5b, and VvWRKY26 in different tissues. Our data indicated that VvWRKY26 enhances the expression of selected target genes induced by VvMYB5a/b. Among these targets are genes involved in vacuolar hyper-acidification, such as the P-type ATPases VvPH5 and VvPH1, and trafficking, and genes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids. In addition, VvWRKY26 is recruited specifically by VvMYB5a, reflecting the functional diversification of VvMYB5a and VvMYB5b. The expression of MBWW complexes in vegetative organs, such as leaves, indicates a possible function of vacuolar hyper-acidification in the repulsion of herbivores and/or in developmental processes, as shown by defects in transgenic grape plants where the complex is inactivated.


Asunto(s)
ATPasas Tipo P/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Vacuolas/metabolismo , Vitis/metabolismo , Antocianinas/metabolismo , Transporte Biológico , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Expresión Génica , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , ATPasas Tipo P/genética , Petunia/genética , Petunia/metabolismo , Fenotipo , Hojas de la Planta/citología , Hojas de la Planta/genética , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Transducción de Señal/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Transcriptoma/genética , Vacuolas/genética , Vitis/genética
5.
Plant J ; 93(2): 270-285, 2018 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29160608

RESUMEN

Fruits stored at low temperature can exhibit different types of chilling injury. In apple, one of the most serious physiological disorders is superficial scald, which is characterized by discoloration and brown necrotic patches on the fruit exocarp. Although this phenomenon is widely ascribed to the oxidation of α-farnesene, its physiology is not yet fully understood. To elucidate the mechanism of superficial scald development and possible means of prevention, we performed an integrated metabolite screen, including an analysis of volatiles, phenols and lipids, together with a large-scale transcriptome study. We also determined that prevention of superficial scald, through the use of an ethylene action inhibitor, is associated with the triggering of cold acclimation-related processes. Specifically, the inhibition of ethylene perception stimulated the production of antioxidant compounds to scavenge reactive oxygen species, the synthesis of fatty acids to stabilize plastid and vacuole membranes against cold temperature, and the accumulation of the sorbitol, which can act as a cryoprotectant. The pattern of sorbitol accumulation was consistent with the expression profile of a sorbitol 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, MdS6PDH, the overexpression of which in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants confirmed its involvement in the cold acclimation and freezing tolerance.


Asunto(s)
Ciclopropanos/metabolismo , Etilenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Malus/fisiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/inmunología , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Transcriptoma , Aclimatación , Frío , Resistencia a la Enfermedad , Etilenos/metabolismo , Frutas/genética , Frutas/inmunología , Frutas/metabolismo , L-Iditol 2-Deshidrogenasa/genética , Malus/genética , Malus/inmunología , Modelos Biológicos , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Metabolismo Secundario , Análisis de Secuencia de ARN , Sorbitol/metabolismo
6.
Plant Physiol ; 178(3): 1370-1389, 2018 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30275058

RESUMEN

Plants respond to gravitational force through directional growth along the gravity vector. Although auxin is the central component of the root graviresponse, it works in concert with other plant hormones. Here, we show that the folate precursor para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is a key modulator of the auxin-ethylene interplay during root gravitropism in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In gravistimulated roots, PABA promotes an asymmetric auxin response, which causes the asymmetric growth responsible for root curvature. This activity requires the auxin response transcription factors AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR7 (ARF7) and ARF19 as well as ethylene biosynthesis and signaling, indicating that PABA activity requires both auxin and ethylene pathways. Similar to ethylene, exogenous PABA reverses the agravitropic root growth of the auxin transport mutant pin-formed2 (pin2) and the auxin biosynthetic double mutant with loss of function of weak ethylene insensitive (wei) genes, wei8wei2, but not the pin2wei8wei2 triple mutant. This finding suggests that PABA regulates the ethylene-dependent reciprocal compensation between auxin transport and biosynthesis. Furthermore, manipulation of endogenous free PABA levels by modulating the expression of the gene encoding its glucosylation enzyme, UDP-GLYCOSYL TRANSFERASE75B1, impacts the root graviresponse, suggesting that endogenous free PABA levels may play a crucial role in modulating the auxin-ethylene cross talk necessary for root gravitropism.


Asunto(s)
Ácido 4-Aminobenzoico/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/fisiología , Etilenos/metabolismo , Gravitropismo , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismo , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Transporte Biológico , Glucosiltransferasas/genética , Glucosiltransferasas/metabolismo , Gravitación , Fenotipo , Raíces de Plantas/genética , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Raíces de Plantas/fisiología , Plantones/genética , Plantones/crecimiento & desarrollo , Plantones/fisiología , Transducción de Señal , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo
7.
Plant Physiol ; 169(1): 125-37, 2015 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25888617

RESUMEN

Apple (Malus × domestica) is increasingly being considered an interesting model species for studying early fruit development, during which an extremely relevant phenomenon, fruitlet abscission, may occur as a response to both endogenous and/or exogenous cues. Several studies were carried out shedding light on the main physiological and molecular events leading to the selective release of lateral fruitlets within a corymb, either occurring naturally or as a result of a thinning treatment. Several studies pointed out a clear association between a rise of ethylene biosynthetic levels in the fruitlet and its tendency to abscise. A direct mechanistic link, however, has not yet been established between this gaseous hormone and the generation of the abscission signal within the fruit. In this work, the role of ethylene during the very early stages of abscission induction was investigated in fruitlet populations with different abscission potentials due either to the natural correlative inhibitions determining the so-called physiological fruit drop or to a well-tested thinning treatment performed with the cytokinin benzyladenine. A crucial role was ascribed to the ratio between the ethylene produced by the cortex and the expression of ethylene receptor genes in the seed. This ratio would determine the final probability to abscise. A working model has been proposed consistent with the differential distribution of four receptor transcripts within the seed, which resembles a spatially progressive cell-specific immune-like mechanism evolved by apple to protect the embryo from harmful ethylene.


Asunto(s)
Etilenos/metabolismo , Frutas/fisiología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Malus/fisiología , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Receptores de Superficie Celular/metabolismo , Frutas/genética , Frutas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Malus/genética , Malus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Receptores de Superficie Celular/genética
8.
J Exp Bot ; 66(22): 7255-70, 2015 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26428066

RESUMEN

Apple (Malus×domestica Borkh) fruits are stored for long periods of time at low temperatures (1 °C) leading to the occurrence of physiological disorders. 'Superficial scald' of Granny Smith apples, an economically important ethylene-dependent disorder, was used as a model to study relationships among ethylene action, the regulation of the ROP-GAP rheostat, and maintenance of H2O2 homeostasis in fruits during prolonged cold exposure. The ROP-GAP rheostat is a key module for adaptation to low oxygen in Arabidopsis through Respiratory Burst NADPH Oxidase Homologs (RBOH)-mediated and ROP GTPase-dependent regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Here, it was shown that the transcriptional expression of several components of the apple ROP-GAP machinery, including genes encoding RBOHs, ROPs, and their ancillary proteins ROP-GEFs and ROP-GAPs, is coordinately and negatively regulated by ethylene in conjunction with the progressive impairment of apoplastic H2O2 homeostatic levels. RNA sequencing analyses showed that several components of the known ROP- and ROS-associated transcriptional networks are regulated along with the ROP-GAP rheostat in response to ethylene perception. These findings may extend the role of the ROP-GAP rheostat beyond hypoxic responses and suggest that it may be a functional regulatory node involved in the integration of ethylene and ROS signalling pathways in abiotic stress.


Asunto(s)
Etilenos/metabolismo , Almacenamiento de Alimentos , GTP Fosfohidrolasas/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Malus/genética , Malus/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Frío , Frutas/metabolismo , GTP Fosfohidrolasas/metabolismo , Homeostasis , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Malus/enzimología
9.
Ann Bot ; 116(1): 69-89, 2015 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26078466

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The RAM/MOR signalling network of eukaryotes is a conserved regulatory module involved in co-ordination of stem cell maintenance, cell differentiation and polarity establishment. To date, no such signalling network has been identified in plants. METHODS: Genes encoding the bona fide core components of the RAM/MOR pathway were identified in Arabidopsis thaliana (arabidopsis) by sequence similarity searches conducted with the known components from other species. The transcriptional network(s) of the arabidopsis RAM/MOR signalling pathway were identified by running in-depth in silico analyses for genes co-regulated with the core components. In situ hybridization was used to confirm tissue-specific expression of selected RAM/MOR genes. KEY RESULTS: Co-expression data suggested that the arabidopsis RAM/MOR pathway may include genes involved in floral transition, by co-operating with chromatin remodelling and mRNA processing/post-transcriptional gene silencing factors, and genes involved in the regulation of pollen tube polar growth. The RAM/MOR pathway may act upstream of the ROP1 machinery, affecting pollen tube polar growth, based on the co-expression of its components with ROP-GEFs. In silico tissue-specific co-expression data and in situ hybridization experiments suggest that different components of the arabidopsis RAM/MOR are expressed in the shoot apical meristem and inflorescence meristem and may be involved in the fine-tuning of stem cell maintenance and cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: The arabidopsis RAM/MOR pathway may be part of the signalling cascade that converges in pollen tube polarized growth and in fine-tuning stem cell maintenance, differentiation and organ polarity.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/citología , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Polaridad Celular , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Transducción de Señal/genética , Células Madre/citología , Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Polaridad Celular/genética , Ensamble y Desensamble de Cromatina/genética , Análisis por Conglomerados , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Genes de Plantas , Hibridación in Situ , Células Madre/metabolismo , Factores de Tiempo , Transcriptoma/genética
10.
Plant J ; 73(2): 314-24, 2013 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23020817

RESUMEN

Bacterial protein toxins which modify Rho GTPase are useful for the analysis of Rho signalling in animal cells, but these toxins cannot be taken up by plant cells. We demonstrate in vitro deamidation of Arabidopsis Rop4 by Escherichia coli Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 (CNF1) and glucosylation by Clostridium difficile toxin B. Expression of the catalytic domain of CNF1 caused modification and activation of co-expressed Arabidopsis Rop4 GTPase in tobacco leaves, resulting in hypersensitive-like cell death. By contrast, the catalytic domain of toxin B modified and inactivated co-expressed constitutively active Rop4, blocking the hypersensitive response caused by over-expression of active Rops. In transgenic Arabidopsis, both CNF1 and toxin B inhibited Rop-dependent polar morphogenesis of leaf epidermal cells. Toxin B expression also inhibited Rop-dependent morphogenesis of root hairs and trichome branching, and resulted in root meristem enlargement and dwarf growth. Our results show that CNF1 and toxin B transgenes are effective tools in Rop GTPase signalling studies.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Toxinas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al GTP/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al GTP rac/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al GTP/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Epidermis de la Planta/citología , Epidermis de la Planta/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/citología , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Nicotiana/genética , Nicotiana/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al GTP rac/genética
11.
Plant Methods ; 20(1): 50, 2024 Apr 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38561757

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The root of a plant is a fundamental organ for the multisensory perception of the environment. Investigating root growth dynamics as a mean of their interaction with the environment is of key importance for improving knowledge in plant behaviour, plant biology and agriculture. To date, it is difficult to study roots movements from a dynamic perspective given that available technologies for root imaging focus mostly on static characterizations, lacking temporal and three-dimensional (3D) spatial information. This paper describes a new system based on time-lapse for the 3D reconstruction and analysis of roots growing in hydroponics. RESULTS: The system is based on infrared stereo-cameras acquiring time-lapse images of the roots for 3D reconstruction. The acquisition protocol guarantees the root growth in complete dark while the upper part of the plant grows in normal light conditions. The system extracts the 3D trajectory of the root tip and a set of descriptive features in both the temporal and frequency domains. The system has been used on Zea mays L. (B73) during the first week of growth and shows good inter-reliability between operators with an Intra Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) > 0.9 for all features extracted. It also showed measurement accuracy with a median difference of < 1 mm between computed and manually measured root length. CONCLUSIONS: The system and the protocol presented in this study enable accurate 3D analysis of primary root growth in hydroponics. It can serve as a valuable tool for analysing real-time root responses to environmental stimuli thus improving knowledge on the processes contributing to roots physiological and phenotypic plasticity.

12.
AoB Plants ; 16(1): plad088, 2024 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38192569

RESUMEN

In life, it is common for almost every kind of organism to interact with one another. In the human realm, such interactions are at the basis of joint actions, when two or more agents syntonize their actions to achieve a common goal. Shared intentionality is the theoretical construct referring to the suite of abilities that enable such coordinated and collaborative interactions. While shared intentionality has become an important concept in research on social cognition, there is controversy surrounding its evolutionary origins. An aspect still unexplored but promising to bring new insights into this open debate is the study of aneural organisms. To fill this gap, here we investigate whether climbing plants can act jointly to achieve a common goal, i.e. reaching the light. We examined Pisum Sativum plants growing intertwined when there is a need to climb but a potential support is not present in the environment. Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of their movement revealed a coordinated and complementary behaviour. They tend to coordinate their movement in time and space to achieve a joint climbing. By deliberately extending the context in which a joint action takes place, we pay tribute to the complex nature of this social phenomenon. The next challenge for the field of joint action is to generate a perspective that links coordination mechanisms to an evolutionary framework across taxa.

13.
Plant J ; 71(5): 860-70, 2012 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22540348

RESUMEN

The plant hormone auxin is a mobile signal which affects nuclear transcription by regulating the stability of auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) repressor proteins. Auxin is transported polarly from cell to cell by auxin efflux proteins of the PIN family, but it is not as yet clear how auxin levels are regulated within cells and how access of auxin to the nucleus may be controlled. The Arabidopsis genome contains eight PINs, encoding proteins with a similar membrane topology. While five of the PINs are typically targeted polarly to the plasma membranes, the smallest members of the family, PIN5 and PIN8, seem to be located not at the plasma membrane but in endomembranes. Here we demonstrate by electron microscopy analysis that PIN8, which is specifically expressed in pollen, resides in the endoplasmic reticulum and that it remains internally localized during pollen tube growth. Transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco plants were generated overexpressing or ectopically expressing functional PIN8, and its role in control of auxin homeostasis was studied. PIN8 ectopic expression resulted in strong auxin-related phenotypes. The severity of phenotypes depended on PIN8 protein levels, suggesting a rate-limiting activity for PIN8. The observed phenotypes correlated with elevated levels of free IAA and ester-conjugated IAA. Activation of the auxin-regulated synthetic DR5 promoter and of auxin response genes was strongly repressed in seedlings overexpressing PIN8 when exposed to 1-naphthalene acetic acid. Thus, our data show a functional role for endoplasmic reticulum-localized PIN8 and suggest a mechanism whereby PIN8 controls auxin thresholds and access of auxin to the nucleus, thereby regulating auxin-dependent transcriptional activity.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Retículo Endoplásmico/metabolismo , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/metabolismo , Polen/metabolismo , Genes Reporteros , Homeostasis , Fenotipo , Plantones/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Arriba
14.
Ann Bot ; 112(9): 1803-14, 2013 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24201137

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The Mob1 family includes a group of kinase regulators conserved throughout eukaryotes. In multicellular organisms, Mob1 is involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis, thus controlling appropriate cell number and organ size. These functions are also of great importance for plants, which employ co-ordinated growth processes to explore the surrounding environment and respond to changing external conditions. Therefore, this study set out to investigate the role of two Arabidopsis thaliana Mob1-like genes, namely Mob1A and Mob1B, in plant development. METHODS: A detailed spatio-temporal analysis of Mob1A and Mob1B gene expression was performed by means of bioinformatic tools, the generation of expression reporter lines and in situ hybridization of gene-specific probes. To explore the function of the two genes in plant development, knock-out and knock-down mutants were isolated and their phenotype quantitatively characterized. KEY RESULTS: Transcripts of the two genes were detected in specific sets of cells in all plant organs. Mob1A was upregulated by several stress conditions as well as by abscisic acid and salicylic acid. A knock-out mutation in Mob1B did not cause any visible defect in plant development, whereas suppression of Mob1A expression affected organ growth and reproduction. In the primary root, reduced levels of Mob1A expression brought about severe defects in tissue patterning of the stem cell niche and columella and led to a decrease in meristem size. Moreover, loss of Mob1A function resulted in a higher sensitivity of root growth to abscisic acid. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the results indicate that arabidopsis Mob1A is involved in the co-ordination of tissue patterning and organ growth, similarly to its orthologues in other multicellular eukaryotes. In addition, Mob1A serves a plant-specific function by contributing to growth adjustments in response to stress conditions.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ácido Abscísico/fisiología , Arabidopsis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Tipificación del Cuerpo , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Expresión Génica , Desarrollo de la Planta , Interferencia de ARN
15.
J Comp Psychol ; 137(4): 228-237, 2023 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37166943

RESUMEN

"How" an action is performed is not solely determined by biomechanical constraints, but it depends on the agent's intention, that is, "why" the action is performed. Recent findings suggest that intentions can be specified at a tangible and quantifiable level in the kinematics of movements; that is, different motor intentions translate into different kinematic patterns. In the present study, we used 3D kinematical analysis to investigate whether the organization of climbing plants' approach-to-grasp action is sensitive to the kind of intention driving their movement toward potential support, namely individual or social. For the individual condition, a plant in isolation acted upon the support. For the social condition, two plants were located in the same pot opposite to each other with a support in the middle. Results indicate differences in kinematics depending on the context within which the plant is acting. In the presence of neighbors, climbing plants are able to modify their behaviors to maximize their long-term gains, including the grasping of a potential support. Overall, these data suggest that the organization of climbing plants' kinematics is sensitive to the "intention" driving their movement toward a potential support. To discuss this phenomenon, we capitalize on the concept of motor intentionality in plants and on available theories concerned to motor cognition. We suggest how they could be revisited to explain the intentionality component inherent in plant life and other brainless organisms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).


Asunto(s)
Intención , Movimiento , Cognición , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Fuerza de la Mano
16.
Front Plant Sci ; 14: 1272986, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38235207

RESUMEN

Lowering the storage temperature is an effective method to extend the postharvest and shelf life of fruits. Nevertheless, this technique often leads to physiological disorders, commonly known as chilling injuries. Apples and pears are susceptible to chilling injuries, among which superficial scald is the most economically relevant. Superficial scald is due to necrotic lesions of the first layers of hypodermis manifested through skin browning. In peaches and nectarines, chilling injuries are characterized by internal symptoms, such as mealiness. Fruits with these aesthetic or compositional/structural defects are not suitable for fresh consumption. Genetic variation is a key factor in determining fruit susceptibility to chilling injuries; however, physiological, or technical aspects such as harvest maturity and storage conditions also play a role. Multi-omics approaches have been used to provide an integrated explanation of chilling injury development. Metabolomics in pome fruits specifically targets the identification of ethylene, phenols, lipids, and oxidation products. Genomics and transcriptomics have revealed interesting connections with metabolomic datasets, pinpointing specific genes linked to cold stress, wax synthesis, farnesene metabolism, and the metabolic pathways of ascorbate and glutathione. When applied to Prunus species, these cutting-edge approaches have uncovered that the development of mealiness symptoms is linked to ethylene signaling, cell wall synthesis, lipid metabolism, cold stress genes, and increased DNA methylation levels. Emphasizing the findings from multi-omics studies, this review reports how the integration of omics datasets can provide new insights into understanding of chilling injury development. This new information is essential for successfully creating more resilient fruit varieties and developing novel postharvest strategies.

17.
Plants (Basel) ; 12(19)2023 Sep 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37836164

RESUMEN

Dry yeast extracts (DYE) are applied to vineyards to improve aromatic and secondary metabolic compound content and wine quality; however, systematic information on the underpinning molecular mechanisms is lacking. This work aimed to unravel, through a systematic approach, the metabolic and molecular responses of Sauvignon Blanc berries to DYE treatments. To accomplish this, DYE spraying was performed in a commercial vineyard for two consecutive years. Berries were sampled at several time points after the treatment, and grapes were analyzed for sugars, acidity, free and bound aroma precursors, amino acids, and targeted and untargeted RNA-Seq transcriptional profiles. The results obtained indicated that the DYE treatment did not interfere with the technological ripening parameters of sugars and acidity. Some aroma precursors, including cys-3MH and GSH-3MH, responsible for the typical aromatic nuances of Sauvignon Blanc, were stimulated by the treatment during both vintages. The levels of amino acids and the global RNA-seq transcriptional profiles indicated that DYE spraying upregulated ROS homeostatic and thermotolerance genes, as well as ethylene and jasmonic acid biosynthetic genes, and activated abiotic and biotic stress responses. Overall, the data suggested that the DYE reduced berry oxidative stress through the regulation of specific subsets of metabolic and hormonal pathways.

18.
Plant Physiol ; 155(1): 185-208, 2011 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21037112

RESUMEN

Apple (Malus × domestica) represents an interesting model tree crop for studying fruit abscission. The physiological fruitlet drop occurring in this species can be easily magnified by using thinning chemicals, such as benzyladenine (BA), to obtain fruits with improved quality and marketability. Despite the economic importance of this process, the molecular determinants of apple fruitlet abscission are still unknown. In this research, BA was used to obtain fruitlet populations with different abscission potentials to be analyzed by means of a newly released 30K oligonucleotide microarray. RNAs were extracted from cortex and seed of apple fruitlets sampled over a 4-d time course, during which BA triggers fruit drop, and used for microarray hybridization. Transcriptomic profiles of persisting and abscising fruitlets were tested for statistical association with abscission potential, allowing us to identify molecular signatures strictly related to fruit destiny. A hypothetical model for apple fruitlet abscission was obtained by putting together available transcriptomic and metabolomic data. According to this model, BA treatment would establish a nutritional stress within the tree that is primarily perceived by the fruitlet cortex whose growth is blocked by resembling the ovary growth inhibition found in other species. In weaker fruits, this stress is soon visible also at the seed level, likely transduced via reactive oxygen species/sugar and hormones signaling cross talk, and followed by a block of embryogenesis and the consequent activation of the abscission zone.


Asunto(s)
Frutas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Malus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Transducción de Señal , Adenina/farmacología , Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono/genética , Análisis por Conglomerados , Etilenos/biosíntesis , Flores/efectos de los fármacos , Frutas/efectos de los fármacos , Frutas/genética , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Genes de Plantas/genética , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Malus/efectos de los fármacos , Malus/genética , Modelos Biológicos , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos , Peróxidos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Semillas/efectos de los fármacos , Semillas/genética , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/genética , Sacarosa/metabolismo
19.
Plant Cell Environ ; 35(6): 1137-55, 2012 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22211437

RESUMEN

Nitrogen availability seriously affects crop productivity and environment. The knowledge of post-transcriptional regulation of plant response to nutrients is important to improve nitrogen use efficiency of crop. This research was aimed at understanding the role of miRNAs in the molecular control of plant response to nitrate. The expression profiles of six mature miRNAs were deeply studied by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization (ISH). To this aim, a novel optimized protocol was set up for the use of digoxygenin-labelled Zip Nucleic Acid-modified oligonucleotides as probes for ISH. Significant differences in miRNAs' transcripts accumulation were evidenced between nitrate-supplied and nitrate-depleted roots. Real-time PCR analyses and in situ detection of miRNA confirmed the array data and allowed us to evidence distinct miRNAs spatio-temporal expression patterns in maize roots. Our results suggest that a prolonged nitrate depletion may induce post-transcriptionally the expression of target genes by repressing the transcription of specific miRNAs. In particular, the repression of the transcription of miR528a/b, miR528a*/b*, miR169i/j/k, miR169i*/j*/k*, miR166j/k/n and miR408/b upon nitrate shortage could represent a crucial step integrating nitrate signals into developmental changes in maize roots.


Asunto(s)
MicroARNs/metabolismo , Nitratos/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Zea mays/metabolismo , Sondas de ADN , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Hibridación in Situ , MicroARNs/genética , Raíces de Plantas/genética , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , ARN de Planta/genética , ARN de Planta/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Zea mays/genética
20.
Hortic Res ; 9: uhac133, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36061618

RESUMEN

VviAGL11, the Arabidopsis SEEDSTICK homolog, has been proposed to have a causative role in grapevine stenospermocarpy. An association between a mutation in the coding sequence (CDS) and the seedless phenotype was reported, however, no working mechanisms have been demonstrated yet. We performed a deep investigation of the full VviAGL11 gene sequence in a collection of grapevine varieties belonging to several seedlessness classes that revealed three different promoter-CDS combinations. By investigating the expression of the three VviAGL11 alleles, and by evaluating their ability to activate the promoter region, we observed that VviAGL11 self-activates in a specific promoter-CDS combination manner. Furthermore, by transcriptomic analyses on ovule and developing seeds in seeded and seedless varieties and co-expression approaches, candidate VviAGL11 targets were identified and further validated through luciferase assay and in situ hybridization. We demonstrated that VviAGL11 Wild Type CDS activates Methyl jasmonate esterase and Indole-3-acetate beta-glucosyltransferase, both involved in hormone signaling and Isoflavone reductase, involved in secondary metabolism. The dominant-negative effect of the mutated CDS was also functionally ectopically validated in target induction. VviAGL11 was shown to co-localize with its targets in the outer seed coat integument, supporting its direct involvement in seed development, possibly by orchestrating the crosstalk among MeJA, auxin, and isoflavonoids synthesis. In conclusion, the VviAGL11 expression level depends on the promoter-CDS allelic combination, and this will likely affect its ability to activate important triggers of the seed coat development. The dominant-negative effect of the mutated VviAGL11 CDS on the target genes activation was molecularly validated. A new regulatory mechanism correlating VviAGL11 haplotype assortment and seedlessness class in grapevine is proposed.

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