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INTRODUCTION: Transnasal Humidified Rapid Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) has been shown to benefit oxygenation, ventilation, and upper airway patency in laryngeal surgery. Its use in thyroplasty procedures has not been described. We hypothesized that the addition of THRIVE during type 1 thyroplasty procedures increases patient's safety and decreases the risk of an obstructive airway, while also decreasing the FiO2 with potential pooling of oxygen under the drapes. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 80 patients carried out at Mayo Clinic Florida. Use of THRIVE for thyroplasty surgeries was introduced by the authors in 2016. All cases between 2016 and 2021 were analyzed. Patients who underwent thyroplasty surgery without the use of THRIVE were included as a control group. RESULTS: A total of 80 patients underwent elective thyroplasty procedures, and 46 of them used the THRIVE technique. Median age was 61 years and 34 % were men. Patients with and without THRIVE were similar at baseline, but THRIVE patients had higher min SPO2 and lower HR end compared to patients without THRIVE. Normal BMI patients had significantly higher min SPO2 compared to either underweight or overweight BMI patients, but there was no strong linear relationship between BMI and intraoperative parameters. CONCLUSION: Our study is the first to demonstrate the use of THRIVE in type 1 thyroplasty in the literature. THRIVE facilitates oxygenation and ventilation of both the spontaneously breathing and the apneic patient. We have demonstrated that thyroplasty can be performed using high flow Optiflow® as the sole mechanism for oxygenation and ventilation.
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Insuflación , Laringoplastia , Administración Intranasal , Manejo de la Vía Aérea , Femenino , Humanos , Insuflación/métodos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oxígeno , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Endoscopic laser wedge excision (LWE) is an effective treatment option for idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS); however, data regarding complications following LWE are limited. The aim of the following analysis was to provide a review of frequency and type of complications that occur with LWE in patients with iSGS. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: Patients with iSGS undergoing LWE between January 2002 and September 2021 were performed. Demographic data were recorded. Complications were stratified into major and minor categories. The frequency of these complications and the respective treatment for them was analyzed. RESULTS: 212 patients within the study period underwent a total of 573 LWE procedures. All but two patients were female, with a median age of 54 years at time of LWE. Of these patients, 43 (20 %) patients experienced a complication. Of these, only 7 (15 %) of the reported complications were considered major while the rest were minor in nature. Major complications included 3 cases of post-operative hemoptysis, 1 case of tracheitis, and 3 cases of reduced vocal fold hypomobility with concurrent glottic stenosis. Minor complications consisted of 2 cases of tooth fracture and 34 cases of tongue paresthesia post-operatively that was self-limited. There were no mortalities. CONCLUSION: Major complications occur in <5 % of LWE procedures based off the analysis. All major complications were managed without significant long-term morbidity. Minor complications with the LWE are self-limited in nature. Our data supports the LWE as a safe treatment option for iSGS.
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Laringoestenosis , Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Constricción Patológica , Laringoestenosis/etiología , Laringoestenosis/cirugía , Endoscopía/métodos , Glotis/cirugía , Rayos LáserRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine the utilization of Caprini guideline-indicated venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis and impact on VTE and bleeding outcomes in otolaryngology (ORL) surgery patients. METHODS: Elective ORL surgeries performed between 2016 and 2021 were retrospectively identified. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between patient characteristics and receiving appropriate prophylaxis, inpatient, 30- and 90-day VTE and bleeding events. RESULTS: A total of 4955 elective ORL surgeries were analyzed. Thirty percent of the inpatient cohort and 2% of the discharged cohort received appropriate risk-stratified VTE prophylaxis. In those who did not receive appropriate prophylaxis, overall inpatient VTE was 3.5-fold higher (0.73% vs. 0.20%, p = 0.015), and all PE occurred in this cohort (0.47% vs. 0.00%, p = 0.005). All 30- and 90-day discharged VTE events occurred in those not receiving appropriate prophylaxis. Inpatient, 30- and 90-day discharged bleeding rates were 2.10%, 0.13%, and 0.33%, respectively. Although inpatient bleeding was significantly higher in those receiving appropriate prophylaxis, all 30- and 90-day post-discharge bleeding events occurred in patients not receiving appropriate prophylaxis. On regression analysis, Caprini score was significantly positively associated with likelihood of receiving appropriate inpatient prophylaxis (odds ratio [OR] 1.05, confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.07) but was negatively associated in the discharge cohort (OR 0.43, CI 0.36-0.51). Receipt of appropriate prophylaxis was associated with reduced odds of inpatient VTE (OR 0.24, CI 0.06-0.69), but not with risk of bleeding. CONCLUSION: Although Caprini VTE risk-stratified prophylaxis has a positive impact in reducing inpatient and post-discharge VTE, it must be balanced against the risk of inpatient postoperative bleeding. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 Laryngoscope, 134:1169-1182, 2024.
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Otolaringología , Tromboembolia Venosa , Humanos , Tromboembolia Venosa/etiología , Tromboembolia Venosa/prevención & control , Estudios Retrospectivos , Cuidados Posteriores , Medición de Riesgo , Alta del Paciente , Anticoagulantes/efectos adversos , Hemorragia Posoperatoria/epidemiología , Hemorragia Posoperatoria/etiología , Hemorragia Posoperatoria/prevención & control , Factores de Riesgo , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & controlRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP) and posterior glottic stenosis (PGS) are causes of bilateral vocal fold immobility (BVFI) and may cause shortness of breath, stridor, and need for surgical intervention. Although increased body mass index (BMI) is associated with restrictive breathing patterns in patients with normal upper airways, it is unclear how BMI impacts dyspnea and need for surgical intervention in BVFI patients. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Three tertiary academic centers in the United States. METHODS: Demographics, BMI, Dyspnea Index (DI), etiology, presence of tracheostomy and surgical intervention (dilation, tracheostomy, cordotomy, arytenoidectomy, open reconstruction) were collected. Primary outcomes included dyspnea measured by DI and need for surgery to improve airway. Linear regressions were performed to assess continuous outcomes. Mann-Whitney U-test was utilized to assess categorical outcomes. RESULTS: Among 121 patients, 52 presented with BVFP and 69 with PGS. Previous neck surgery was the most common cause of BVFI (40.2%). 44.3% of patients received a tracheostomy. Through multivariate linear regression, increased BMI was significantly associated with increased DI in the entire cohort (ß = .43, P = .016). Increased BMI was also associated with need for any surgical intervention (odds ratio [OR] = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.01-1.13]) in the overall cohort. When stratifying our data, BMI was only significantly associated with DI in BVFP (ß = .496) and need for surgical intervention in PGS (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = [1.01-1.21]), although a positive trend was seen in all analyses. CONCLUSION: Increased BMI may correlate with worsening dyspnea symptoms and need for surgical intervention in patients with BVFI. Weight-loss-related counseling may benefit symptom management.
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Índice de Masa Corporal , Disnea , Parálisis de los Pliegues Vocales , Humanos , Masculino , Parálisis de los Pliegues Vocales/cirugía , Parálisis de los Pliegues Vocales/etiología , Femenino , Disnea/etiología , Disnea/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Adulto , Laringoestenosis/cirugía , TraqueostomíaRESUMEN
Objective: Cartilaginous tumors of the larynx are rare, representing less than 1% of all laryngeal tumors. Chondromas are benign mesenchymal tumors characterized by a slow-paced growth, primarily originated in the cricoid cartilage, followed by the thyroid, arytenoid, and epiglottic cartilages. This scoping review aims to understand the extent of evidence on the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, morbidity, and recurrence of the laryngeal chondroma (LC). Data sources: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Elsevier), Web of Science (Clarivate), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Systematic Reviews, Lilacs, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Review methods: The scoping review was conducted from 1816 to 2023, for observational studies describing LC. Titles and abstracts were screened for relevance, followed by an evaluation of the full text for eligibility. The data were collected from the qualifying articles, and a narrative summary of the outcomes was prepared. Results: One hundred and nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Ninety-four case reports, 22 case series, and 3 cohorts. Two hundred and four participants with a diagnosis of LC were described. Male:female ratio was 2.8:1. The most common localization was the cricoid (113; 47.08%), followed by the thyroid (45; 18.75%), and the arytenoid cartilage (27; 11.25%). Dyspnea (78.85%) and hoarseness (74.28%) were the most reported symptoms. The recurrence rate was 11.25%, and complications were uncommon following the resection. Conclusion: This scoping review found a low-frequency rate over all the cartilaginous laryngeal tumors. Most patients were treated with resection, with a low rate of malignancy conversion. This population has low attributable mortality, morbidity, and recurrence according to the current literature.
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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) belongs to the group of human herpes virus and can cause clinical and subclinical infections. Although EBV-related disease presentations are similar, they can lead to oncogenic transformation with various clinical manifestations. A thorough workup with morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular studies is crucial for the diagnosis of EBV-positive polymorphic B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder, not otherwise specified (NOS), which is a new entity introduced by International Consensus Classification in 2022. We describe an interesting presentation of EBV-positive polymorphic B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder with laryngeal involvement to bring awareness to this entity and we would like to address the need for more accessible treatment options.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate representation of women in otolaryngology by examining authorship of research publications and presentations, awards, research grants, leadership, and membership in related organizations. METHODS: Authorship was reviewed from articles published in three otolaryngology journals from 2000 through 2021 to assess the frequency and percentages of female and combination of male and female gender authorship. Gender was evaluated for poster and scientific abstract presentations from 2007 to 2021. Gender representation was reviewed for institutional and society leadership positions, award, and grant recipients in the American Laryngological Society (ALA). Changes in the frequency of female and combination of male and female gender authorship over time were examined with Cochran-Armitage test for trend. RESULTS: A total of 16,921 articles, 1,017 presentations, 480 leadership positions, 129 president positions, and 1,137 awards and grants were studied. Women were first authors in 4,153 (24.9%) and last authors in 2,935 (17.8%) published articles for which gender could be determined. Women were first authors in 372 (37.4%) presentations and last authors in 199 (20.2%). Most presentations had a combination of male and female presentation authorship (630, 68%). Women held 69 (14.4%) leadership positions. Of the award and grant recipients, 327 (28.8%) were female. Significant trends were observed for increasing female representation (first authorship publications increased 69.9% from 2000 to 2020, first authorship presentations increased 73.9% from 2007 to 2013, p < 0.001; leadership and awards from 3% to 18% representation, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The proportion of women receiving awards and holding leadership positions is increasing. Efforts that promote gender diversity may further increase representation of women in otolaryngology literature and among the grant and award winners. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA Laryngoscope, 134:2144-2152, 2024.
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Otolaringología , Publicaciones , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Autoria , LiderazgoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim was to study laryngological complaints in patients with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS) or hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD). METHODS: A total of 363 patients met inclusion for the study by completing questions related to voice, upper airway, and swallowing between July 7, 2020 and July 13, 2022. Demographic data, voice-related questions, and hypermobility diagnosis were analyzed retrospectively. From those, 289 patients were diagnosed with hEDS or HSD with 74 that did not meet the diagnostic criteria for either diagnosis serving as controls. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between patients with hEDS and HSD regarding Voice Handicap Index (VHI-10) scores, voice, upper airway, or swallow complaints. However, more hEDS/HSD patients answered positively to the laryngeal dysfunction question versus controls (p = 0.031). 22.5% of hEDS/HSD patients (n = 65) reported hoarseness, of which 52.3% reported hoarseness >2 days/month. 33.9% (n = 98) with hEDS/HSD reported symptoms of dysphagia, and 27.0% (n = 78) reported laryngeal dysfunction symptoms. Controls demonstrated 20.3% prevalence of hoarseness, of which 46.7% reported hoarseness >2 days/month. 24.3% of controls had dysphagia and 14.9% laryngeal dysfunction symptoms. Of the 363 patients, VHI-10 scores >11 were more likely in patients reporting >2 days of hoarseness/month (p = 0.001) versus those with <2 days of hoarseness/month. There was an increased prevalence of voice, upper airway, and dysphagia symptoms in hEDS/HSD patients compared with previously reported prevalence data in the general population. CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of patients diagnosed with hypermobility due to hEDS or HSD were found to have voice, upper airway, and dysphagia symptoms. These rates are higher than those previously reported in the general population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 Laryngoscope, 134:773-778, 2024.
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Trastornos de Deglución , Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos , Inestabilidad de la Articulación , Humanos , Prevalencia , Ronquera , Trastornos de Deglución/epidemiología , Trastornos de Deglución/etiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Inestabilidad de la Articulación/epidemiología , Inestabilidad de la Articulación/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos/complicaciones , Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos/epidemiología , Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos/diagnósticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation between clinical and video laryngoscopy findings for 89 patients with bilateral vocal fold immobility (BVFI), unilateral vocal fold immobility (UVFI), and healthy controls by quantitative analysis of normalized laryngeal outlet (NLO), bowing index (BI), and supraglottic compression (SGC). METHODS: Laryngoscope pictures were taken by two reviewers, and all pictures were standardized by scaling and calibrating to the same width and height in Image J. Three reviewers used quantitative measures to calculate BI, NLO, and SGC in Image J. We assessed reliability for each measurement by two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) without replication to calculate the interclass correlation coefficient. Analysis was broken down for each measurement in each group of interest by using a one-way test. The total glottic area was obtained by calculating the normalized glottal gap area from each image of maximum glottal closure during phonation. RESULTS: Overall reliability of all the measurements was 0.69 (IQ 0.58-0.83). Mean NLO from UVFI, BVFI, and control groups differed significantly. There was no significant difference between control and BVFI. The total glottic area did not consistently predict normalized laryngeal outlet values. Mean normalized laryngeal outlet values of UVFI and BVFI were significantly smaller in the BVFI groups compared with controls and UVFI. BI values consistently predicted total glottic area in the BVFI group. Static SGC measurement did not predict a difference between groups. CONCLUSION: This is a reliable novel technique, which can be utilized in clinical settings. These measurements have clinical relevance for managing voice disorders. NLO is the most accurate measurement correlating with glottal incompetence. BI findings are sufficiently specific to identify between UVFI and BVFI.
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INTRODUCTION: Measuring the impact of chronic cough on voice quality can be difficult and challenging in daily practice. Evidence about its potential effects on diagnostic tools used in voice evaluation is lacking. We hypothesized that the presence of chronic cough plays a role in patients' perception of dysphonia severity, leading to a mismatch between the subjective, objective, and perceptual evaluations. METHODS: A retrospective chart review involving patients with a diagnosis of dysphonia and a complete speech voice evaluation was performed. A total of 311 patients were stratified into two different groups according to the presence of chronic cough. A total of 151 patients were assigned to the dysphonia and chronic cough group, while 160 patients were assigned to the dysphonia only group. During the initial evaluation, patients completed the Voice Handicap Index (VHI)-30, Glottal Function Index (GFI), and Reflux Symptoms Index (RSI). Voice evaluation also included aerodynamic/acoustic measures and the application of the GRBAS scale by a speech-language specialist. A paired t test and a linear regression analysis were used to compare subjective, perceptual, and aerodynamic/acoustic measures in both groups. RESULTS: The mean VHI-30 and GFI were elevated in both groups but significantly lower among patients with dysphonia and chronic cough when compared to patients with dysphonia only (P= 0.01). Additionally, a significantly higher RSI was found among patients with dysphonia and chronic cough (P< 0.01). No difference in aerodynamic/acoustic measures was found between groups (P> 0.05). Our linear regression model demonstrated a significant effect of the presence of chronic cough on the VHI-30, RSI, and GFI questionnaires (P< 0.05). Our model also found that the VHI-30 is a significant predictor for the (G), (B), (A), and (S) components of the GRBAS scale (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: The presence of chronic cough has a significant impact on the different patient-reported outcome measures, including VHI-30, RSI, and GFI. The use of VHI-30 as a predictor for the GRBAS scale reinforces the importance of subjective and perceptual assessment among patients with voice disorders and establishes a new area for exploration.
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Disfonía , Voz , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tos , Calidad de la Voz , Enfermedad Crónica , Evaluación de la DiscapacidadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence of glottic stenosis in idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) patients with no prior surgical intervention to those with a history of endoscopic dilation and characterize the incidence of glottic involvement, changes in scar length, and progression of scar toward glottis following laser wedge excision (LWE). METHODS: A retrospective review of iSGS patients who underwent LWE between 2002 and 2021 was performed. Patients without prior airway surgery were labeled LWE primary (LWEP) and operative findings for LWEP patients were reviewed for glottic involvement, scar length (DL ), and distance from the glottis to superior-most aspect of scar (DGS ). Rates (in mm/procedure) of DΔL , reflecting an increase in length, and D-ΔGS , reflecting proximal migration, were calculated by dividing DΔL and D-ΔGS by the number of LWE procedures. RESULTS: 213 iSGS patients underwent LWE, with 132 being LWEP patients. LWEP had a lower incidence of baseline glottic involvement (n = 6, 4.5%) than LWE secondary (LWES; n = 6, 7.5%). Four new cases of glottic involvement were noted in LWEP patients following LWE, with only one being clinically significant resulting in permanently decreased vocal fold mobility. With each procedure, scar length increased by 1.0 mm and DGS decreased by 0.7 mm, reflecting a migration or decrease in DGS of 9.5% with each procedure with respect to initial DGS . Overall rates of glottic stenosis following operations were similar between LWEP and LWES cohorts, 7.6% and 7.5% respectively. CONCLUSION: There appears to be a low risk of glottic involvement resulting from the LWE procedure in iSGS patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 133:875-882, 2023.
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Cicatriz , Laringoestenosis , Humanos , Constricción Patológica/complicaciones , Cicatriz/etiología , Cicatriz/complicaciones , Laringoestenosis/epidemiología , Laringoestenosis/etiología , Laringoestenosis/cirugía , Endoscopía/métodos , Glotis/cirugía , Glotis/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
This case report aims to raise awareness of the possibility of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) diagnosis in patients presenting to the Otolaryngology Department. We describe the case of a 66-year-old woman with hoarseness who was evaluated by several physicians and was referred to an ALS specialist only a year after symptom onset. Our case highlights the importance of considering motor neuron etiologies in patients with voice complaints. Early identification and referral to a specialist are critical for accurate diagnosis and prognosis and may be the key to slowing the disease's progression.
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OBJECTIVES: Laryngeal Botulinum Toxin injection (LBTX) in the adductor musculature is the current therapy for Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia. This study explores nonbiological factors that can affect the patient experience during this procedure and their association with better or worse self-reported effectiveness. METHODS: A 14 item survey was used to evaluate the patient experience in patients who had undergone LBTX in Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Florida, during 2019. Information from the survey, previous medical history, and demographic data were collected, and a descriptive analysis was performed. RESULTS: Of the 36 patients who participated, the mean age was 65 years and a female predominance was found (66%). The average age at onset of symptoms was 57 years, and voice tremor was associated with 36.1% of patients. Preprocedure education was recognized as a factor affecting outcomes in 87% of patients; 11 patients reported that body position used during the injection could affect the results. Pain or stress experienced at the time of procedure was referred in one-third of patients as an influencing factor too. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that nonpharmacological factors such as education before the procedure, body position, pain, and stress sensation before LBTX may have a role in the botulinum toxin effect on Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia patients. This study is the first to describe these variables qualitatively, and further studies may help to improve the patient experience and outcome of LBTX around the world.
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Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A , Toxinas Botulínicas , Disfonía , Trastornos de la Voz , Anciano , Toxinas Botulínicas/uso terapéutico , Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/efectos adversos , Disfonía/diagnóstico , Disfonía/tratamiento farmacológico , Electromiografía , Femenino , Humanos , Músculos Laríngeos , Evaluación del Resultado de la Atención al Paciente , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Trastornos de la Voz/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Introduction Zenker diverticulum (ZD) usually affects adults after the 7 th decade of life. Treatment for ZD is indicated for all symptomatic patients, but some patients prefer to defer surgical treatment until symptoms get worse and decrease their quality of life. Objective To evaluate the association of the preoperative symptoms in ZD patients with the size of the ZD. Methods A retrospective study design. Electronic medical records were used to identify patients diagnosed with ZD and treated over 11 years. Data collection included the chief complaints and symptoms, medical history, and findings on radiologic swallow evaluations of the patients. The diverticulum size was stratified into 3 groups: small (< 1 cm), moderate (1-3 cm), and large (> 3 cm). Results A total of 165 patients were enrolled and stratified by diverticulum size (48 small, 67 medium, and 50 large). Dysphagia, cough, and regurgitation were the most prevalent symptoms. Dysphonia was more frequent among patients with a small pouch. Logistic regression analysis showed that dysphagia and choking were associated with large and medium diverticulum size ( p < 0.05 ) . Additionally, dysphonia was significantly associated with the presence of a small-sized ZD ( p < 0.04). Conclusion Upper gastrointestinal symptoms such as dysphagia and choking may be associated with a ZD > 1 cm and should always be evaluated. Additionally, the presence of dysphonia was found to be correlated with a ZD < 1 cm, suggesting that a prompt and appropriate fluoroscopic evaluation must be considered in those patients in whom no other clear cause of dysphonia is evident.
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OBJECTIVE: Zenker's diverticulum (ZD) is usually associated with dysphagia and other symptoms due to the interrelated functions of several systems. Surgical management of ZD is effective for all sizes of diverticula, but not all patients decide to undergo surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between clinical presentation and patients' decision to undergo surgical repair. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study including 165 patients with ZD treated over the last 11 years. Data collection includes patients' chief complaints and symptoms, medical history, findings on radiologic swallow evaluations, and patients' decision to undergo surgery. Pearson correlation and logistic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS: Among our cohort, dysphagia was the most prevalent symptom (89.1%), followed by cough (65.5%) and regurgitation (58.8%). Dysphonia was prevalent among patients with a small-sized ZD. Our logistic regression model showed that patients' decision to undergo surgical repair could be predicted by diverticula size (ß=1.10, p=0.002) and the presence of dysphagia (ß=1.91, p=0.005), cough (ß=1.01, p=0.042), and dysphonia (ß=-1.37, p=0.024). CONCLUSION: Patients' decision to undergo surgery usually involves interrelated factors, including symptomatic burden, presence of comorbidities, and recommendation of the surgeon. This study has identified that diverticula size and the presence of dysphagia, cough, and dysphonia are significant factors influencing decision-making for surgical repair in patients with ZD.
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Background Apneic oxygenation can be applied to select laryngotracheal procedures to improve operative visualization and avoid potential complications associated with intubation and jet ventilation. Aims/objectives The authors sought to determine if apneic oxygenation using a high-flow nasal cannula could be used as a safe alternative airway management strategy for the duration of select laryngotracheal procedures. Methods Single institution, multi-site retrospective review of 38 adult (>18 years old) patients undergoing apneic oxygenation in the setting of various laryngotracheal procedures from January 2017 through January 2018. Humidified oxygen was delivered via a high-flow nasal cannula. The data was collected and analyzed using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Results Twenty-four women and 14 men, mean age 60.0 years (SD 16.1; 36-89) and 70.1 years (SD 7.2; 56-81), respectively, underwent a mean total apneic time of 23.9 minutes (13-40). A statistically significant correlation existed between apneic time and minimum oxygen saturation (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.38; p=0.018). Twenty-one patients resumed spontaneous ventilation without the need for jet ventilation, mask ventilation, or placement of a definitive airway during the procedure. Conclusions and significance Apneic oxygenation allows for extended periods of operating without the need for the placement of an endotracheal tube in patients undergoing general anesthesia for select laryngotracheal procedures.
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We review a unique case of NUT midline carcinoma that presented in a young girl with an initial diagnosis of tonsillar abscess. We stress the importance of assaying poorly differentiated carcinomas in young patients for the t(15;19) translocation. Our patient presented with tonsillar enlargement and cervical lymphadenopathy mimicking acute tonsillitis. The clinical suspicion for malignancy arose after an aspirate from the tonsil did not yield any pus, and biopsy of a cervical lymph node demonstrated undifferentiated carcinoma. Further analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization was positive for rearrangements in both BRD4 and NUT genes consistent with NUT carcinoma. In addition, fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) revealed a very high standard uptake value in both the primary tumor and metastatic foci, suggesting that FDG-PET could be a useful tool in the staging and follow-up of NUT midline carcinoma.
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Carcinoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Tonsilares/diagnóstico , Tonsilitis/diagnóstico , Niño , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Proteínas Nucleares , Proteínas de Fusión OncogénicaRESUMEN
Laryngospasm has been well described in patients emerging from general anesthesia (GA) and is routinely managed with intermittent positive-pressure mask ventilation, a temporary increase in the depth of anesthesia, or small, titrated amounts of succinylcholine. Patients with severe laryngospasm require reintubation to maintain adequate oxygenation and ventilation. However, reintubation may be only a temporary solution because laryngospasm may recur during re-emergence and re-extubation; thus, anesthesiologists need a comprehensive plan that addresses potential causes of laryngospasm and incorporates continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for patients with difficulty emerging from GA. Transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE) is a noninvasive ventilation and oxygenation technique used to provide apneic oxygenation, which also generates CPAP. THRIVE uses a high-flow nasal cannula and is more easily tolerated than CPAP with a tight-fitting mask. To our knowledge, we present the first case of refractory laryngospasm during emergence from GA that was successfully managed with THRIVE.
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Insuflación , Laringismo , Anestesia General/efectos adversos , Humanos , Intubación Intratraqueal , Laringismo/diagnóstico , Laringismo/etiología , Laringismo/terapia , Respiración ArtificialRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate possible causes of leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma. We particularly sought to characterize the effect of smoking history because leukoplakia has been observed in nonsmokers. METHODS: We retrospectively identified patients with a diagnosis of leukoplakia who were treated at Mayo Clinic (Jacksonville, Florida), in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, from 1/1/2006 through 8/31/2019. Each patient was age- and sex-matched (1:2 ratio) to control patients without leukoplakia. Information about possible risk factors, chief symptoms, and social history with smoking and alcohol use was obtained from health records. Nine risk factors were analyzed independently with multivariate analysis. Continuous risk factors were compared between cases and controls with the Wilcoxon rank sum test; categorical variables were compared with the χ2 test. RESULTS: The final cohort consisted of 72 patients with leukoplakia (mean [SD] age, 66 [11] years; 61 men [85%]) and 144 age- and sex-matched controls. Compared with the control group, significantly more cases were current smokers (26% vs. 5%) and fewer were never-smokers. (17% vs. 51%) (P < 0.001). Cases also had a significantly longer duration of smoking history compared with controls (median, 30 vs. 0 years; P < 0.001). Alcohol consumption was not significantly different between cases and controls (53% vs. 54%; P > 0.99). When assessing never-smokers and those who had not smoked for more than 25 years, a history of smoking (P = 0.002) and the number of years smoked (P = 0.002) were significantly different for cases and controls. CONCLUSION: Most vocal fold leukoplakia lesions have a low risk of malignancy. It is important to evaluate the characteristics of the lesion and assess the patient's risk factors. Follow-up is a key factor in patient management, but for patients with recurrent leukoplakia, the duration and frequency of surveillance is still controversial and varies among medical centers. Future prospective studies with advanced analyses are warranted because they may strengthen the ability to identify clinical factors that influence the development of squamous cell carcinoma.
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Neoplasias Laríngeas , Pliegues Vocales , Anciano , Humanos , Neoplasias Laríngeas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Laríngeas/epidemiología , Leucoplasia/diagnóstico , Leucoplasia/epidemiología , Masculino , No Fumadores , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Fumadores , Fumar/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Hiccup is a common phenomenon experienced by almost everyone in life. Although the exact physiology of this phenomenon remains unknown, it is associated with multiple central and peripheral etiologic causes. Vocal fold granulomas are benign laryngeal lesions typically caused by iatrogenic trauma, voice misuse, or chronic irritation. We present, for the first time, an association between intractable hiccups and vocal fold granulomas with good response to acupuncture and voice therapy in a 62-year-old male patient. This is an important contribution to the literature as the first report describing the co-occurrence of these pathologies in the context of a patient with several treatment failures, including vagal nerve stimulator.