Erratum: Fluctuation-Dissipation Relations of a Tunnel Junction Driven by a Quantum Circuit [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 126801 (2015)].

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.126801.

Fluctuation-dissipation relations of a tunnel junction driven by a quantum circuit.

We derive fluctuation-dissipation relations for a tunnel junction driven through a resonator displaying strong quantum fluctuations. We find that the fluctuation-dissipation relations derived for classical external drives hold, provided the effect of the circuit's quantum fluctuations is incorporated into the modified nonlinear current voltage characteristics. We also demonstrate that all quantities measured under a time dependent bias can be reconstructed from their values measured under a dc bias using photoassisted tunneling relations. We confirm these predictions by implementing the circuit and measuring the dc current through the junction, its high frequency admittance, and its current noise at the frequency of the resonator.

The effect of the adversity quotient on student performance, student learning autonomy and student achievement in the COVID-19 pandemic era: evidence from Indonesia.

This research investigates the effects of the adversity quotient introduced by Paul G. Stoltz on students achievement motivation, student learning autonomy and student performance. The study was conducted through an online survey with 218 participants from selected students of two Islamic senior high school in Indonesia. Data and information gathering from respondent analyzed by partial least square structural modelling using SmartPLS. This research revealed that adversity quotient were significant constructs affected on students achievement, students learning autonomy and student performance. This research opens a new paradigm for studying the adversity quotient and its implication for other educational aspects.

Publisher Correction: Microwave photons emitted by fractionally charged quasiparticles.

The original version of this Article contained an error in the author affiliations. Affiliation 3 incorrectly read "Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, Saint-Aubin, France". This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Microwave photons emitted by fractionally charged quasiparticles.

Strongly correlated low-dimensional systems can host exotic elementary excitations carrying a fractional charge q and potentially obeying anyonic statistics. In the fractional quantum Hall effect, their fractional charge has been successfully determined owing to low frequency shot noise measurements. However, a universal method for sensing them unambiguously and unraveling their intricate dynamics was still lacking. Here, we demonstrate that this can be achieved by measuring the microwave photons emitted by such excitations when they are transferred through a potential barrier biased with a dc voltage Vdc. We observe that only photons at frequencies f below qVdc/h are emitted. This threshold provides a direct and unambiguous determination of the charge q, and a signature of exclusion statistics. Derived initially within the Luttinger model, this feature is also predicted by universal non-equilibrium fluctuation relations which agree fully with our measurements. Our work paves the way for further exploration of anyonic statistics using microwave measurements.

Effect of heavy alcohol intake in the absence of liver disease on bone mass in black and white men.

Previous studies have shown that bone mass is significantly decreased in chronic alcoholic white patients, especially those with evidence of liver involvement. However, liver disease is an independent risk factor for bone loss. In vitro studies have shown that alcohol has a direct effect on osteoblasts. The effects of chronic alcohol consumption on bone mass in the absence of liver disease are not known. In addition, the effect of alcohol on bone in black alcoholic subjects has not been examined previously. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of prolonged heavy alcohol intake on bone mass in both black (n = 21) and white (n = 19) male subjects without significant liver disease. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and hip and various markers of bone metabolism in alcoholic subjects were compared with those in respective age-matched controls (n = 16 blacks and 14 whites). Mean values for BMD of the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck were not significantly different between alcoholic subjects and their respective controls among either blacks or whites. In white subjects, age and duration of alcohol were noted to have significant independent effects on BMD, whereas in blacks, age was the only factor that significantly affected bone mass independently. In the absence of liver disease, prolonged heavy alcohol intake results in bone loss in white subjects. The skeleton of black subjects may be less affected by alcohol.

Slit ventricle syndrome presenting with paroxysmal hypersomnia in an adult: case report.

The slit ventricle syndrome (SVS), defined as intermittent shunt malfunction without substantial ventricular enlargement, is usually observed in shunted children with small, slitlike ventricles. This syndrome has been attributed to recurrent obstruction of the ventricular catheter, which then causes an increase of intracranial pressure. Only rarely has the SVS been reported in adults. We describe a 29-year-old woman whose shunt malfunction presented with long-lasting paroxysmal hypersomnia and was diagnosed with computed tomographic evidence of small lateral ventricles. This episodic hypersomnia presented every 2 to 3 weeks and each episode lasted 1 to 2 weeks. After revision of the ventricular catheter, her symptoms stopped and she remained well.

Tomonaga-Luttinger physics in electronic quantum circuits.

In one-dimensional conductors, interactions result in correlated electronic systems. At low energy, a hallmark signature of the so-called Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids is the universal conductance curve predicted in presence of an impurity. A seemingly different topic is the quantum laws of electricity, when distinct quantum conductors are assembled in a circuit. In particular, the conductances are suppressed at low energy, a phenomenon called dynamical Coulomb blockade. Here we investigate the conductance of mesoscopic circuits constituted by a short single-channel quantum conductor in series with a resistance, and demonstrate a proposed link to Tomonaga-Luttinger physics. We reformulate and establish experimentally a recently derived phenomenological expression for the conductance using a wide range of circuits, including carbon nanotube data obtained elsewhere. By confronting both conductance data and phenomenological expression with the universal Tomonaga-Luttinger conductance curve, we demonstrate experimentally the predicted mapping between dynamical Coulomb blockade and the transport across a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid with an impurity.

One-channel conductor in an ohmic environment: mapping to a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid and full counting statistics.

It is shown that a one-channel coherent conductor in an Ohmic environment can be mapped to the impurity problem in a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid. This allows one to determine nonperturbatively the effect of the environment on I-V curves, and to find an exact relationship between dynamic Coulomb blockade and shot noise. We investigate critically how this relationship compares to recent proposals in the literature. The full counting statistics is determined at zero temperature.

Partition noise and statistics in the fractional quantum hall effect.

A microscopic theory of current partition in fractional quantum Hall liquids, described by chiral Luttinger liquids, is developed to compute the noise correlations, using the Keldysh technique. In this Hanbury-Brown and Twiss geometry, at Laughlin filling factors nu = 1/3, the real time noise correlator exhibits oscillations which persist over larger time scales than that of an uncorrelated Hall fluid. The zero frequency noise correlations are negative at filling factor 1/3 as for bare electrons (antibunching), but are strongly reduced in amplitude. These correlations become positive (bunching) for nu < or = 1/5, suggesting a tendency towards bosonic behavior.