Non-conventional, burnt Shorea robusta leaf extract mediated green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and facile removal of eriochrome black T dye from water.

The present study evaluates the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using water extract of Sal leaves (Shorea Robusta) for efficient removal of Eriochrome black-T from the water and wastewater. The material is characterized using FESEM, FTIR, EDX, pHzpc, XRD, BET, and TGA analysis. XRD confirmed the synthesis of ZnO with an average crystallite size of 35.24 nm a surface area of 95.939 m2/g and a pore volume of 0.280 cm3/g. The pHzpc of the material is 7.45. The study evaluates the effects of contact time (0-100 min), pH (3-10), concentration (10-50 mg/L), and temperature (298-328K). The Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.993) and pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.998) were found to be the best-fit models. The maximum uptake capacity is 265.554 mg/g. The interaction is spontaneous (ΔG° -12.889 to-14.898 kJ/mol), endothermic ΔH° (4.290-14.216 kJ/mol) with an increase in spontaneity at the solid-liquid junction. The dye-loaded ZnO NPs were successfully regenerated in dilute NaOH solution and 1:1 methanol water, achieving regeneration efficiencies of 78% and 60%, respectively. The reusability of the ZnO NPs was ascertained for up to three consecutive cycles.

A promising method for synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles using water extract from burnt Shorea robusta leaves as a precipitating and capping agent has been demonstrated with a high yield. The method is economical and convenient without the use of any chemical precipitating agents. The prepared material efficiently removes Eriochrome black T dye, commonly used in various industries for dyeing silk and nylon, from the solution.We report the first-ever synthesis of ZnO NP using the water extract of burnt leaves, and its application is tested for dye removal. A high surface area of 95.939 m²/g was determined, which is also higher in comparison to many works published. The maximum adsorption capacity recorded for EBT removal is 265.55 mg/g, which is relatively higher than other commercially synthesized zinc oxide.

Pristine wild sugarcane (Saccharum spontaneum) as a biosorbent for removal of methylene blue from wastewater: isotherm, kinetics and regeneration studies.

Saccharum spontaneum, popularly known as Kashful (KF) is a seasonal perennial grass with thin culms, mostly an abundantly growing shrub during the autumn season in southern Asia. It is used as no-cost scavenger to convincingly arrest methylene blue, a recalcitrant dye from colored effluent. FTIR, FESEM-EDX, and BET surface area characterize the material well whereas the surface activity was evaluated from zero-point charge (pHZPC = 6.720). FTIR highlights the presence of polyphenolic and carboxylate moieties. The surface texture is rod-like with intermittent non-homogeneous pores with occasional fractures. The equilibrium reaches within 60 min with the maximum adsorption capacity of 20.917 mg/g. The fibrous powder of kashful stalk (KFS) follows pseudo-second-order (R2 = 0.999 for linear and R2 = 0.985 for non-linear) kinetics and both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model (for linear, Langmuir R2=0.995; for non-linear, R2 = 0.994 for both Langmuir and Freundlich model). The uptake process was spontaneous (ΔG= -3.077 kJ/mol) and endothermic (ΔH = 17.815 kJ/mol). 1:1 methanol could regenerate the dye-loaded material in up to 55% and onward efficiency was conducive for three consecutive cycles. Industrial effluent analysis suggests a real-time removal of ∼55% in the first cycle. Saccharum spontaneum could be exercised to solve environmental problems related to colored water.

Saccharum spontaneum, also known as wild sugarcane is an abundantly available long grass with relatively slender culms; usually 100­150 cm tall, grows in the autumn season (August-October) in the south-east part of Asia, and displays steady tillering. Being a non-preferred meal for local herbivores, the material lies abandoned as bio-waste. At the same time, the search for a newer and cleaner alternative for wastewater treatment is on the rise. In line with the waste-to-wealth protocol for a sustainable environment, we have demonstrated the facile uptake of a recalcitrant dye methylene blue (20.917 mg/g) using its stalks powder. The present method is free from any hazardous chemical activation, acid-base treatment, or pyrolysis. With the ability to treat industrial effluent, the material highlights an impactful application in a lab-to-land fashion.

Neolamarckia cadamba (cadamba) waste pulp as a natural and techno-economic scavenger for methylene blue from aqueous solutions.

In this work, Neolamarckia cadamba (cadamba), also known as bur flower tree has been exercised to demonstrate as an excellent methylene blue scavenger from simulated as well as industrial wastewater. The particle morphology and structural insights were gained from FESEM, BET surface area, FTIR, and pHZPC. The adsorption behavior was mapped by different physico-chemical parameters such as contact time, pH, input concentration, and temperature. Experimental data reveal rapid adsorption, and >90% uptake was successful within the first 15 min and reaches equilibrium by 45 min (removal efficiency = 94.15%) at neutral pH. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 115.60 mg/g. The uptake process follows pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.99), confirming a chemisorption process while the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.99) satisfactorily addresses the adsorption path. Thermodynamic parameters suggest a spontaneous, feasible, and exothermic process with increased entropy. Spent adsorbent could easily be regenerated in up to 74% using 1:1 MeOH/H2O with a potential of three-cycle use. Real-time efficacy has been established with an MB containing industrial effluent and up to 44.70% adsorption, which confirms the material's practical applicability. Statistical reliability was confirmed by the relative standard deviation. Altogether, the present material offers clean and green removal of methylene blue dye from versatile wastewater.

The search for cleaner and greener protocols for water treatment is on the rise. With this line, we have chosen non-edible fruit pulps of Neolamarckia cadamba for extraordinary methylene blue uptake from diverse contaminated water bodies. Compared to contemporary materials, the excellent adsorption capacity (115.60 mg/g) with methylene blue dye offers an edge. The material could be regenerated easily and reused for three cycles. The method doesn't involve any chemical treatment, is greener, and could be applied on a large scale. Due to huge availability, excellent adsorption capacity, reusability, and simple preparation provide advantages to the material for sustainable water treatment.

Augmented dye eradication from wastewater using alkali-aided, reinforced waste acacia (Acacia auriculiformis) leaves.

The present investigation demonstrates the augmented dye scavenging from wastewater using alkali-mutated acacia (Acacia auriculiformis) leaves powder. The material was synthesized by mild chemical activation by using 0.1 M sodium hydroxide as an activator under room temperature stirring for 3h and isolated as a dark brown powder. The material was characterized using FTIR, FESEM, XRD, and pHzpc; and tested successfully with crystal violet and methylene blue. While FTIR confirms the presence of polyphenolic and polysaccharide moieties, FESEM reveals unprecedented circular hollow pipe-like channels decorated in a highly ordered fashion, facing pores for optimum dye uptake. The adsorption is tunable with working pH, and the maximum adsorption capacities are 67.25 and 78.55 mg g-1 for CV and MB. Both adsorption process follows Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.994) and pseudo-2nd-order kinetics (R2 = 0.999). Thermodynamic analysis verifies a spontaneous process with an endothermic interaction beside an elevated degree of randomness. About 80% of the spent material could be regenerated using 1:1 methanol/water. Analysis of industrial effluent suggests 37% removal per cycle, with an operating ceiling of 95%. To wind up, due to huge availability, porous nature, and superior adsorption capacity over other phytosorbents, NaOH-activated acacia leaves could be considered as techno-economic and potential scavengers for sustainable water treatment.

Lignocellulosic waste plant litters have enormous potential for biosorption of heavy metals and dyes for their economic viability and environment-friendly nature. The present investigation highlights the promising cationic dye scavenging ability of alkali-treated waste acacia (A. auriculiformis) leaves from simulated and industrial wastewater. With adsorption capacities of 67.25 and 78.55 mg g⁻¹ for crystal violet and methylene blue respectively, the protocol shows promise in colored water treatment. Easy preparation, classy removal efficiency, and recyclability offer the key advantage with a techno-economic impact.

Exploring Ficus religiosa inflorescence powder as an eco-friendly and sustainable solution for the removal of crystal violet with a disposal solution.

This study investigates the potential of using Ficus religiosa inflorescence (peepal tree) as an efficient solution for removing crystal violet from simulated and industrial wastewater. Various analyses were conducted to understand the adsorbent's structure, including particle morphology, BET surface area, FTIR, and pHZPC. The adsorption process was studied under different physicochemical factors such as temperature, concentration, contact time, and pH. Results revealed rapid adsorption, with 94.15% removal efficiency within the first 15 min at neutral pH. The highest observed adsorption capacity was 198.03 mg g-1, following pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.99), indicating chemisorption. The Langmuir model accurately described the adsorption pathway (R2 = 0.99), showing monolayer adsorption. Thermodynamic analysis indicated an exothermic, feasible, and spontaneous process with increased entropy. The adsorbent could be easily regenerated using a 1:1 MeOH/H2O mixture for up to three cycles, yielding up to 73.86%. Real-time application with industrial effluent containing crystal violet showed up to 44.70% adsorption. The experiments demonstrated reliability with evaluated standard deviations (0.017935-0.000577) and relative standard deviations (0.439-0.673%), confirming statistical reliability. In conclusion, it presents a sustainable and eco-friendly approach for removing crystal violet dye from diverse wastewater sources.

Think before throw: waste chili stalk powder for facile scavenging of cationic dyes from water.

Chili stalk powder (CS), a non-conventional adsorbent, has been exercised for facile removal of cationic dyes from simulated and wastewater by batch technique. The prepared material has been characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis (BET), powder X-ray diffraction (powder XRD), and pHZPC and tested best with methylene blue and crystal violet under ambient conditions. FTIR denotes the presence of carbonyl and polyphenolic groups, responsible for dye adsorption. BET surface area analysis evaluates the porous nature and specific surface area of the material, and powder XRD confirms its amorphous nature. The porous structure could be ascertained from the FESEM image, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) confirms the elemental composition. The pH above pHzpc shows an increase in removal efficiency. The maximum adsorption capacities are 49.53 and 36.88 mg/g for methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) respectively. Linear as well as non-linear plots for kinetic and isotherm models were studied. Both dye uptake fits the linear plot of Langmuir adsorption isotherm (R2 = 0.999 and 0.995) and pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.998 and 0.999). In the non-linear plot, the adsorption process for both dyes fit Langmuir (R2 = 0.999 for MB and R2 = 0.983 for CV) as well as Freundlich adsorption (R2 = 0.999 for MB and R2 = 0.994 for CV). 75.48% crystal violet (CV) and 73.35% methylene blue (MB) regeneration were successful in 1:1 methanol medium and reused for up to three cycles. The uptake mechanism is suggested to be a union of π-π stacking, electrostatic interaction, and weak hydrogen bonding. The material was tested with industrial effluent to prove its application in real wastewater treatment. Moreover, the material shows superior adsorption capacity than contemporary phytosorbents. To conclude, a zero-cost adsorbent using green chili stalk has been demonstrated for wastewater treatment.

Deciphering pressure-induced nanoarchitectonics in a monolayer of heterocoronene-based discotics at air-water and air-solid interfaces.

Understanding and control of molecular alignment at the nanoscale in self-assembled supramolecular structures is a prerequisite for the subsequent exploitation of molecules in functional devices. Here, we have clarified the surface-pressure induced molecular nanoarchitectures in a monolayer of a heterocoronene-based discotic liquid crystal (DLC) at air-water and air-solid interfaces using surface manometry, real-time Brewster angle microscopy, and real-space atomic force microscopy (AFM). Chloroform-spread DLCs at a concentration of ∼108 µM exhibit floating domains at the air-water interface comprising small aggregates of edge-on stacked molecules interacting via peripheral alkyl chains. Detailed analysis of surface manometry and relaxation measurements reveal that, upon compression, these domains coalesce to form a coherent monolayer which then undergoes irreversible structural transformations via mechanisms such as monolayer loss due to desorption and localized nucleation of defects. AFM images of the films transferred on a hydrophilic substrate reveal that with increasing surface-pressure, the nanoscale structure of the monolayer transforms from randomly oriented nanowires to tightly-packed nanowire domains, and finally to fragmented wire segments which diffuse locally above the film. These results provide a facile method for the preparation of compact, two-dimensional films of ambipolar DLC molecules with a tunable nanoarchitecture which will be crucial for their applications in nanoscale electronic devices.

Exploring the promising potential of fallen bamboo leaves (Bambusa bambos) for efficient removal of crystal violet from wastewater.

Fallen bamboo leaves (Bambusa bambos), hereinafter BL have been designed to be transformed into an efficient and sustainable adsorbent for the removal of crystal violet (CV) dye from wastewater with up to 95% scavenging ability. BL have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and zero point charge (pHzpc). The maximum adsorption capacity is 30 mg/g at pH 10. Physico-chemical parameters have been investigated concerning pH, contact time, initial concentration, and coexistent ions. Pseudo-second-order kinetics is followed best (R2 =0.999) signifying a chemisorption pathway. Besides, intra-particle diffusion plays a governing role in the film diffusion of crystal violet into the core of the adsorbent. Langmuir isotherm model fits best (R2=0.972) suggesting a uniform, monolayer, and homogeneous adsorption. Regeneration was successful with methanol (65%) and reusability was tested for three cycles and was found to retain activity up to 80%. Analysis of CV containing industrial effluent suggests that a 36.8% reduction is possible with BL. The effect of co-existent ions suggests little influence on the adsorption. Compared to other contemporary and relevant adsorbents, it can be concluded that BL can be exercised for the sustainable decontamination of CV-containing wastewater.

Bambusa bambos, the giant thorny bamboo is an abundantly available plant throughout the year, has been successfully exercised using its fallen leaves to scavenge crystal violet, a cationic dye from water and wastewater. Up to 95% adsorption was noticed at ambient conditions, which when further extrapolated for industrial effluent analysis, shows a remarkable 36.8% decontamination/cycle. With an adsorption capacity of 30 mg/g, it enjoys an edge over contemporary phytosorbents. The process is free from any chemical treatment, green in nature, and sustainable. Abundant availability and economic viability allow an impactful application of fallen bamboo leaves for water and wastewater treatment in a lab-to-land sequence.

Towards a win-win chemistry: extraction of C.I. orange from Kamala fruit (Mallotus philippensis), and simultaneous exercise of its peels for the removal of Methylene Blue from water.

Kamala fruit (Mallotus philippensis), hereinafter MP, has been simultaneously exercised for the extraction of a natural dye, C.I. orange and its peels were converted into an efficient adsorbent for the rapid removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. The material has been characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR),Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy- Electron dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, and pHZPC. FTIR suggests the presence of polyphenolic moieties responsible for adsorption, whereas FESEM confirms the porous texture. Optimization of process variables such as contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, and temperature of operation indicates that the adsorption gets modulated by the pH, with a best at 11. The Freundlich model (R2 = 0.994), and pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.999) best describe the adsorption pathway. Dilute hydrochloric acid is sufficient to induce >66% regeneration, which ensures reusability. With the maximal uptake for MB is 30.2 mg/g at ambient conditions, the superiority over the existing materials has been confirmed. Treatment of dye containing industrial effluent suggests about a 50% reduction in one cycle. It can be concluded that both-way benefits, namely natural dye extraction and preparation of a peel-based adsorbent for methylene blue removal from aqueous solution, can be achieved using the kamala fruit peels.

Mallotus philippensis, a seasonal fruit, commonly known as Kamala, was employed to serve a dual advantage of extracting a natural dye called C.I. orange from the peels; thereinafter, the peels were converted as an adsorbent to remove Methylene blue from water and industrial wastewater with high efficacy. From 100 g of raw material, 1.7 g of C.I. orange dye was extracted, along with 44 g of peel-based adsorbent. The maximum adsorption capacity for MB is 30.2 mg/g at ambient conditions, better and more impactful than contemporary adsorbents. The approach is firmly established in the circular economy as a dual benefit agent, generating clean and green revenue through natural dye extraction.

Brinjal (Solanum melongena) stalk waste as an effective scavenger for Eriochrome Black-T from water and wastewater: an approach towards waste to best.

Stalks of brinjal (Solanum melongena), hereinafter SM, have been exercised as an efficient and sustainable adsorbent material for the elimination of Eriochrome Black-T (EBT) from an aqueous solution. The material was characterized by FTIR, FESEM, BET surface area, pHpzc, and proximate analysis. FTIR spectrum suggests the presence of polyphenolic moieties, responsible for successful dye binding. FESEM images show an unprecedented octopus-like texture containing micropores. The central head transforms the architecture of a flower. The evaluated BET surface area of 10.042 m2/g and pore volume 1.055 × 10-2 cm3/g suggest a porous material. The pHpzc of the material was evaluated to be 7.05, and under optimized conditions, the maximum adsorption capacity was found 52.631 mg/g at pH 7. The operational parameters were studied concerning contact time (0-90 min), pH (5-11), initial concentration (10-40 mg/L), and interfering ions (PO4-3, AsO4-3, Hg+2, Pb+2). Adsorption follows Langmuir isotherm best (R2 = 0.996), and pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.991) indicate a monolayer and homogeneous adsorption. 83% regeneration was successful with 0.1(M) sodium hydroxide solution. The material can be reused for up to three cycles with 90% efficiency retention. Analysis of EBT containing industrial effluent indicates that 52.62% of EBT can be removed.

Brinjal (Solanum melongena), being one of the most cultivated vegetables around the globe, generates voluminous waste as stalks which warrant proper management. With this aim, such stalks were converted to a phytosorbent and selected for removal of Eriochrome black-T (EBT), a dye that is used by industry persons and science students in their laboratory experiments. The prepared material is highly porous, water-stable, regenerable, and reusable. The protocol is economically viable, easy, and efficient for industrial effluent treatment as well. With a notable maximum adsorption capacity of 52.631 mg/g, the material could offer an ideal choice for dye decontamination.

Thiosulfate impregnated spent tea leaves for the remarkable uptake of malachite green.

Herein we demonstrate an enhanced performance of acid-assisted thiosulfate-impregnated spent/waste tea leaves (TWTL) for the removal of malachite green (MG) from water by batch mode. The material was characterized by pHZPC, FTIR, powder XRD, SEM, and proximate analysis. FTIR suggests the presence of polyphenolic moieties whereas a lignocellulosic peak was observed in powder XRD. SEM image shows a grafted surface texture with intermittent blocks, which upon dye uptake becomes somewhat condensed. Under optimized conditions, the highest removal efficiency of 126.8 mg/g was achieved at pH 7. A fast adsorption process was noticed with >97% removal within the first 10 min. Adsorption follows pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.999) and the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.999). The material can be regenerated by dilute hydrochloric acid and can be reused for up to four cycles. Treatment of industrial effluent was successful in up to 47.56%. Our results highlight the potential of thiosulfate-treated spent tea leaves as a choice for the efficient removal of malachite green from water.

Tea, being one of the most popular beverages produces huge waste which requires proper management. With this aim; the thiosulfate-impregnated spent tea leaves have been exercised for effective separation of malachite green from contaminated water. Thiosulfate impregnation under mildly acidic conditions activates the tea leaves and makes the material robust with enhanced water stability than its untreated variety. With a remarkable maximum adsorption capacity of 126.8 mg/g under ambient conditions, the present methodology enjoys the edge over related phytosorbents. The protocol is techno-economic, environment friendly, and could be extended to possible field applications.

A fulminant case of Epstein-Barr Virus encephalitis with multiorgan dysfunction.

Epstein-Barr Virus also known as Human herpesvirus 4 usually causes infectious mononucleosis which is a benign disease with mild or no symptoms. Death due to Epstein-Barr Virus infections is extremely rare. We present a case of fulminant Epstein-Barr Virus encephalitis who developed multiorgan dysfunction on second day and succumbed within 52 h of symptom onset.

Alkali treated water chestnut (Trapa natans L.) shells as a promising phytosorbent for malachite green removal from water.

Search for eco-friendly adsorbents for sustainable dye treatment is on the rise. The present study demonstrated the enhanced removal of malachite green (MG) with alkali-modified shells of water chestnut (AWCN) under optimized physio-chemical parameters. Alkali treatment significantly reduces the lignocellulosic components which in turn increased the water stability. The material was been characterized by pHzpc, FTIR, FESEM-EDAX, and BET surface area analysis. pH-dependent adsorption was noticed and the maximum adsorption capacity was determined as 136.46 mg/g. Adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2=0.99) and Langmuir isotherm model (R2=0.99). Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption process is spontaneous (ΔG°= -2.99 kJ/mol), favorable and endothermic (ΔH°=34.72 kJ/mol). Simple regeneration allows multi-cycle use with minimal loss of activity. The mechanism has been proposed to be a combination of electrostatic interaction, H-bonding, and π-π stacking between AWCN and MG. In conclusion, alkali modification of Trapa natans L. shells provides excellent removal of MG from water.

Waste shells of water chestnut (Trapa natans L.), a waterborne fruit have been modified using sodium hydroxide solution and tested for removal of malachite green by batch method. Excellent adsorption capacity (136.46 mg/g) was obtained under ambient conditions. As of now, very little work has been reported on water chestnut shells for the removal of dyes from wastewater. The present work shows an excellent adsorption capacity among all the previous work on water chestnut for dye remediation. Alkali activation significantly reduces hydrophilic/lignocellulosic components within the shells, which in turn makes the material more water stable and sustainable.

Health-related quality of life and utility outcomes with selinexor in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Aim: Evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and health utility impact of single-agent selinexor in heavily pretreated patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Patients & methods: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) - Lymphoma and EuroQoL five-dimensions five-levels data collected in the single-arm Phase IIb trial SADAL (NCT02227251) were analyzed with mixed-effects models. Results: Treatment responders maintained higher FACT - Lymphoma (p ≤ 0.05), FACT - General (p < 0.05) and EuroQoL five-dimensions five-levels index scores (p < 0.001) beginning in cycle 3. The estimated difference in health state utilities for treatment response and progressive disease was both statistically significant and clinically meaningful (mean difference: 0.07; p = 0.001). Conclusion: In patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, objective response to selinexor was associated with HRQoL maintenance, reduction in disease-related HRQoL decrements and higher health utilities.

Lay abstract This work examined quality of life (QoL) among patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with two to five prior therapies who received single-agent selinexor in the SADAL clinical trial. Analysis of patient-reported Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy ­ Lymphoma and EuroQoL five-dimensions five-levels data showed that patients who had objective clinical response to selinexor maintained their QoL over the course of treatment. Grade ≥3 adverse events and serious adverse events were not associated with clinically meaningful negative QoL impacts. Clinical trial registration: NCT02227251 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

Ophthalmic manifestations in hematological malignancies: An observational study from a tertiary care health center in Eastern India.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to document the spectrum of ocular manifestations of hematological malignancies presenting to a tertiary health center in Eastern India and their association with blood parameters. METHODS: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2021 to July 2022. Patients diagnosed with leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma were enrolled in the study. A comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation was done in each case. RESULTS: A total of 97 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of hematological malignancies and meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Ocular manifestations were noted in 48 (49.48%) patients. Acute lymphocytic leukemia accounted for 35.4% of cases, followed by acute myeloid leukemia (31.25%), lymphoma (4.2%), and minimum manifestation in multiple myeloma (2.1%) patients. Among 48 patients with ocular manifestations, anterior segment involvement was found in 6.2% of cases, with subconjunctival hemorrhage being the most common, and the posterior segment was involved in 100% of patients, with intraretinal hemorrhages being the most common manifestation. A statistically significant association was noted between hemoglobin, total red blood cell count, and total platelet count with posterior segment manifestations ( p < 0.001). On multivariable logistic regression, only total leucocyte count and total platelet count were significant predictors for ocular manifestation. CONCLUSION: Indirect involvement of the retina is the most common ocular pathology in hematological malignancies, with intraretinal hemorrhages being the most common finding. Ophthalmic examination is highly recommended as a part of the routine evaluation at the time of diagnosis of hematological malignancies and periodically thereafter to diagnose any ocular involvement.

Green synthesis of MnO2-embedded Rauvolfia tetraphylla leaves (MnO2@RTL) for crystal violet dye removal and as an antibacterial agent.

The application of green synthesized nanocomposites for the prevention of environmental pollution is increasing nowadays. Here, a green composite has been synthesized by embedding MnO2 on Rauvolfia tetraphylla leaves using its leaf extract hereinafter termed as MnO2@RTL, and demonstrated for crystal violet (CV) dye removal from simulated and real wastewater. The surface properties of the material were determined by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area, pHZPC, and zeta potential. The material exhibits a remarkable adsorption capacity of 61.162 mg/g at 328 K and pH 7. The adsorption was best fitted with Pseudo-second-order kinetic (R2 = 0.998) and a combination of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.994-0.999). The thermodynamic study revealed spontaneous (ΔG values = - 2.988 to - 4.978 kJ/mol) and endothermic (ΔH values = 6.830 to 11.018 kJ/mol) adsorption. After adsorption, 80% regeneration occurred with 50% methanol, and recycled up to five times. Advantageously, the material was able to remove CV dye in the presence of coexistent ions and from industrial wastewater, confirming field applicability. The adsorption capacity of the material is superior to previously reported materials. The standard deviation and relative standard deviations have been evaluated to be 0.000422-0.000667 and 0.473-0.749%, which suggests the reliability of the experiments. The exhausted material, after recycling, was pyrolyzed to overcome the disposal problem. It was established as a secondary adsorbent with 73% efficiency which makes the material win-win. The material showed antibacterial properties with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with a zone of inhibition 5 mm.

Liquid-Liquid Interface-Assisted Self-Assembly of Ag-Doped ZnO Nanosheets for Atomic Switch Application.

Developing facile and inexpensive methods for obtaining large-area two-dimensional semiconducting nanosheets is highly desirable for mass-scale device application. Here, we report a method for producing uniform and large-area films of a Ag-doped ZnO (AZO) nanosheet network via self-assembly at the hexane-water interface by controlling the solute/solvent ratio. The self-assembled film comprises of uniformly tiled nanosheets with size ∼1 µm and thicknesses∼60-100 nm. Using these films in a Pt/AZO/Ag structure, an atomic switch operation is realized. The switching mechanism is found to be governed by electrochemical metallization with nucleation as the rate-limiting step. Our results establish the protocol for large-scale device applications of AZO nanosheets for exploring advanced atomic switch-based neuromorphic systems.

From periphery to center, untold story of pure neuritic leprosy: an electrophysiological study.

BACKGROUND: Pure neuritic leprosy (PNL) is uncommon form of leprosy involving peripheral nerves. Some isolated case reports have shown imaging changes in the central nervous system (CNS) and also impairment in visual evoked potential (VEP), somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) and brain stem auditory-evoked potentials (BAEPs) parameters in PNL, but there is lack of large study. This prospective observational study evaluates impairment in these central conduction studies among PNL patients. METHODS: We screened patients with leprosy presenting with features of neuropathy and/or thickened nerves. Patients with bacilli-positive nerve biopsies were included in the study and subjected to routine tests along with nerve conduction study (NCS), VEP, tibial SSEP and BAEPs. Parameters of these studies were analyzed based on data from previous studies. RESULTS: Of 76 patients screened for PNL 49 had positive findings in biopsy. Most of patients were male and mean age group was 46.35 ± 15.35 years. Mononeuritis multiplex was most common NCS pattern in 46.93% (23/49) patients. We found abnormal VEP in 13 out of 35 patients (37.14%). Similarly abnormal SSEP and BAEPs among 42.85% and 40% patients respectively. DISCUSSION: This study shows that in PNL significant number of patients have subclinical CNS involvement. Exact pathophysiology of CNS involvement is not known till now but study of VEP, SSEP and BAEPs parameter may help in early diagnosis of PNL.

Unveiling the antibacterial and antifungal potential of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from Chromolaena odorata leaves.

This research investigates the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae) and their potential as antibacterial and antifungal agents. Characterization techniques like ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Dynamic light scattering and zeta potential (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX) confirmed the formation of spherical (AgNPs). UV-vis spectroscopy reaffirms AgNP formation with a peak at 429 nm. DLS and zeta potential measurements revealed an average size of 30.77 nm and a negative surface charge (- 0.532 mV). Further, XRD analysis established the crystalline structure of the AgNPs. Moreover, the TEM descriptions indicate that the AgNPs are spherical shapes, and their sizes ranged from 9 to 22 nm with an average length of 15.27 nm. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis validated the formation of metallic silver and elucidated the surface state composition of AgNPs. Biologically, CO-AgNPs showed moderate antibacterial activity but excellent antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis (MCC 1559) and Trichophyton rubrum (MCC 1598). Low MIC values (0.195 and 0.390 mg/mL) respectively, suggest their potential as effective antifungal agents. This suggests potential applications in controlling fungal infections, which are often more challenging to treat than bacterial infections. Molecular docking results validated that bioactive compounds in C. odorata contribute to antifungal activity by interacting with its specific domain. Further research could pave the way for the development of novel and safe antifungal therapies based on biogenic nanoparticles.