Prostate Cancer Related Sexual Dysfunction and Barriers to Help Seeking: A Scoping Review.

OBJECTIVE: Despite available support, sexuality needs are the most frequently reported unmet need among men with prostate cancer, which may be due to low help-seeking rates. Using the Ecological Systems Framework as a theoretical foundation, we conducted a scoping review of the available literature to understand what factors impact help-seeking behaviour for sexual issues after prostate cancer treatment among men who had received treatment. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search on Medline, PsychInfo, Embase, Emcare, and Scopus was conducted to identify studies of adult prostate cancer patients post-treatment, which reported barriers and/or facilitators to help-seeking for sexual health issues. Quality appraisals were conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tools, and results were qualitatively synthesised. RESULTS: Of the 3870 unique results, only 30 studies met inclusion criteria. In general, studies were considered moderate to good quality, though only six used standardised measures to assess help-seeking behaviour. Barriers and facilitators for sexual help-seeking were identified across all five levels of the Ecological Systems Framework, including age, treatment type, and previous help seeking experience (individual level), healthcare professional communication and partner support (microsystem), financial cost and accessibility of support (meso/exosystem), and finally embarrassment, masculinity, cultural norms, and sexuality minority (macrosystem). CONCLUSIONS: Addressing commonly reported barriers (and inversely, enhancing facilitators) to help-seeking for sexual issues is essential to ensure patients are appropriately supported. Based on our results, we recommend healthcare professionals include sexual wellbeing discussions as standard care for all prostate cancer patients, regardless of treatment received, age, sexual orientation, and partnership status/involvement.

Prostate cancer survivorship priorities for men and their partners: Delphi consensus from a nurse specialist cohort.

AIMS & OBJECTIVES: To describe the prostate cancer survivorship experience and priorities from the perspective of prostate cancer specialist nurses. BACKGROUND: Specialist nurses are providing long-term survivorship care to men and their partners however, few prostate cancer survivorship interventions are effective and priorities for nurse-led survivorship care are poorly understood. DESIGN: A three-round modified Delphi approach. METHODS: The study was conducted between 1 December 2018 and 28 February 2019 to develop a consensus view from an expert nurse cohort (43 prostate cancer specialist nurses: 90% response). First, participants described men's prostate cancer survivorship experience and priorities for improving care for men and partners. In subsequent rounds, participants identified key descriptors of the survivorship experience; rated priorities for importance and feasibility; and identified a top priority action for men and for partners. Thematic analysis and descriptive statistics were applied. Guidelines for Reporting Reliability and Agreement Studies informed the conduct of the study. RESULTS: Prostate cancer specialist nurses characterised the prostate cancer survivorship experience of men as under-resourced, disjointed and distressing. In all, 11 survivorship priorities for men and three for partners were identified within five broad areas: capacity building; care coordination; physical and psychosocial care; community awareness and early detection; and palliative care. However, feasibility for individual items was frequently described as low. CONCLUSION: Internationally, prostate cancer survivorship care for men and their partners requires urgent action to meet future need and address gaps in capacity and care coordination. Low feasibility of survivorship priorities may reflect translational challenges related to capacity. Prostate cancer survivorship care guidelines connected to practice priorities are urgently needed. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: These findings address key gaps in the evidence for developing national nurse-led prostate cancer survivorship priorities. These priorities can be used to inform survivorship guidelines including nursing care for men with prostate cancer and their partners.

Satisfaction with care in men with prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: This study aims to describe: (a) the proportion of prostate cancer patients satisfied with treatment, (b) how satisfaction changes after treatment, and (c) predictors of patient satisfaction including demographic, symptom-related and treatment variables. METHOD: Self-reported quality of life and satisfaction questionnaire (UCLA Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite [EPIC] 26), and demographics were obtained from the South Australian Prostate Cancer Clinical Outcomes Collaborative (SA-PCCOC) database. Responses were obtained pre-treatment (radical prostatectomy or external beam radiation therapy) and 6, 12 and 24 months post-treatment, for patients diagnosed between 2009 and 2013. Mixed-effects models were used to estimate mean and change in satisfaction, and to identify predictive factors. RESULTS: SA-PCCOC is a prospective, prostate cancer specific registry established in 1998, of which 1,713 patients were eligible for inclusion and 434 available for analysis. Overall, the majority of patients who completed questionnaires were satisfied with their treatment (82%). Satisfaction with care did not change over time post-treatment in multivariable analysis (p = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: Satisfaction with treatment is typically high among prostate cancer patients. Satisfaction did not change with time after treatment and appears to be associated with baseline hormonal scores and changes in hormonal scores post-treatment.

Balancing Tribal Sovereignty and the Role of Interjurisdictional Partnerships in Oklahoma.

CONTEXT: Oklahoma has a history of strong partnerships with their tribal health leaders and tribal communities. In 2012, the Oklahoma State Department of Health (OSDH) established the Office of the Tribal Liaison, as Oklahoma has 39 tribal nations in the state, of which 38 are federally recognized. The Office of the Tribal Liaison is responsible for promoting relationships with Oklahoma Tribal Nations and implementing the OSDH Tribal Consultation policy. SETTING: The strength of the partnership between the OSDH and the Tribal Nations enabled a new collaboration during an event hosted by a tribal casino event center that brought tattoo artists to provide tattoos to patrons over 3 days. Licensure issues that crossed the jurisdiction boundaries of the OSDH emerged before the event, which required the OSDH, Indian Health Service, and the Tribal Nation to work together to protect the public's health. The 3 jurisdictions drew upon their previously established partnership, OSDH's tribal consultation policy, and their open and trusting relationship to come together quickly to protect the public's health. CONCLUSIONS: This event and interjurisdictional partnership highlighted the importance of adopting the "Spectrum of Processes for Collaboration and Consensus-Building" model as outlined by Orenstein et al to help guide and support state, tribal, and federal collaborations. This case example highlights the opportunities for collaboration between different regulatory public health and tribal bodies to improve the communities' health.

Effectiveness of educational and psychological survivorship interventions to improve health-related quality of life outcomes for men with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), a common treatment for prostate cancer, has debilitating impacts on physical and psychological quality of life. While some interventions focus on managing the physical side effects of ADT, there is a paucity of interventions that also address psychosocial and educational needs. The objective of this systematic review was to identify psychological and educational survivorship interventions targeting health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes in men on ADT. DESIGN: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. DATA SOURCES: Web of Science, Cochrane, EBSCO Host, PubMed, SCOPUS from inception (1984) to 28 January 2023. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Psychological and/or educational survivorship interventions targeting HRQoL outcomes for men on ADT; minimum 80% of participants on ADT; used a validated HRQoL outcome measure; published in English in a peer-reviewed journal. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data extraction using pre-specified study criteria was conducted. Heterogeneity of eligible studies precluded a meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 3381 publications were identified with eight meeting the criteria. Interventions were either psychological with a cognitive behavioural approach (n=4), or educational with (n=2) or without (n=2) psychoeducational components.Two studies reported a statistically significant improvement using a specific HRQoL measure. Most studies were not adequately powered and/or included small sample sizes limiting the conclusions that can be drawn on effectiveness. The most effective interventions were (i) individually based, (ii) educational with a psychoeducational component, (iii) supplemented with information packages and/or homework and (iv) included personalised needs assessments. CONCLUSION: There is a paucity of literature reporting psychological and educational survivorship interventions targeting HRQoL outcomes for men on ADT. What is urgently needed are person-centred survivorship interventions that are flexible enough to identify and address individual needs, taking into account the impact ADT has on both physical and psychological quality of life. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD4202230809.

Improving Distress Screening for People with Prostate Cancer: Evaluation of an E-Learning Course to Increase Healthcare Professionals' Knowledge.

OBJECTIVES: Psychological distress can occur following diagnosis and treatment for prostate cancer, compromising psychosocial wellbeing. Improved recognition and management of distress by healthcare professionals can enhance clinical practice and promote evidence-based prostate cancer care. This paper explores the effectiveness and feasibility of the online Distress Screening for Prostate Cancer course, designed to improve healthcare professionals' understanding of screening for prostate cancer-related distress. It aims to evaluate whether this e-learning course increases learners' knowledge of distress screening for prostate cancer. METHODS: Healthcare professionals were invited to enroll in the online course and complete optional evaluation questions. The pretest posttest design identified changes in learners' knowledge about distress screening for people with prostate cancer, including prevalence, risk factors, assessment and management strategies for distress (n = 149). Learners also rated satisfaction in a cross-sectional survey (n = 116). Most respondents were nurses, including Prostate Cancer Specialist Nurses. RESULTS: Learners' knowledge of distress screening was higher after course completion. Improvement between pre- and posttest results was statistically significant for four of ten items, including risk of prostate cancer-related distress, and suicidality, and the purpose of distress screening. Learners reported high satisfaction with course content, structure, engagement, relevance, and approach. They particularly valued the narrative-based approach and interactivity. Small numbers encountered technological problems and some offered suggestions to improve learner feedback. CONCLUSIONS: The course improved healthcare professionals' knowledge of distress among people affected by prostate cancer. Learners found the e-learning format feasible and acceptable. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Deeper understanding of the psychological implications of diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer can help healthcare professionals respond to and manage distress among men and their families, and provide supportive care to improve health-related quality of life. Access to an online course can offer effective, feasible education on distress screening.

Prostate Cancer Survivorship Essentials for men with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy: protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a tele-based nurse-led survivorship care intervention (PCEssentials Hormone Therapy Study).

INTRODUCTION: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is commonly used to treat men with locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer. Men receiving ADT experience numerous side effects and frequently report unmet supportive care needs. An essential part of quality cancer care is survivorship care. To date, an optimal effective approach to survivorship care for men with prostate cancer on ADT has not been described. This protocol describes a randomised trial of tele-based nurse-led survivorship that addresses this knowledge gap: (1) determine the effectiveness of a nurse-led survivorship care intervention (PCEssentials), relative to usual care, for improving health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in men with prostate cancer undergoing ADT and (2) evaluate PCEssentials implementation strategies and outcomes, including cost-effectiveness, compared with usual care. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is an effectiveness-implementation hybrid (type 1) trial with participants randomised to one of two arms: (1) minimally enhanced usual care and (2) nurse-led prostate cancer survivorship essentials (PCEssentials) delivered over four tele-based sessions, with a booster session 5 months after session 1. Eligible participants are Australian men with prostate cancer commencing ADT and expected to be on ADT for a minimum of 12 months. Participants are followed up at 3, 6 and 12 months postrecruitment. Primary outcomes are HR-QoL and self-efficacy. Secondary outcomes are psychological distress, insomnia, fatigue and physical activity. A concurrent process evaluation with participants and study stakeholders will be undertaken to determine effectiveness of delivery of PCEssentials. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval was obtained from the Metro South Health HREC (HREC/2021/QMS/79429). All participants are required to provide written informed consent. Outcomes of this trial will be published in peer-reviewed journals. The findings will be presented at conferences and meetings, local hospital departments, participating organisations/clinical services, and university seminars, and communicated at community and consumer-led forums. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12622000025730.

A Vanguard Approach to the Design and Delivery of Nurse-Led Survivorship Care.

OBJECTIVES: Survivorship care is an essential component of quality cancer care. Although nurses are uniquely positioned to deliver effective and efficient nurse-led survivorship care, they report that their experiences of survivorship care provision are fragmented, under-resourced, and often distressing for the patient. DATA SOURCES: Here we report the culmination of a 4-year program of research and more than a decade of nurse-led work, to improve the survivorship care experience for men with prostate cancer comprising of: (1) the evolution of a national specialist prostate cancer nursing service; (2) a nursing Delphi study to determine prostate cancer survivorship care experiences and priorities; (3) the development of the Prostate Cancer Survivorship Essentials Framework, which provides a road map for improving quality prostate cancer survivorship care across a variety of settings; and (4) the translation of the framework into nursing practice through the development of My Personal Plan, a person-centered, evidence-informed survivorship care plan. CONCLUSION: Through the leadership of a national prostate cancer specialist nursing service, the provision of a coordinated, evidence-informed person-centered survivorship care service is now achievable. This program of work has demonstrated that irrespective of the setting or mode of delivery, specialist nurses involved in the care of men with prostate cancer and their families are leading best practice through the translation of evidence into everyday clinical practice. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: There is an urgent need to address the significant challenges that a prostate cancer diagnosis can bring, and nurses are at the forefront and lead survivorship care delivery, which includes: (1) routine distress screening and referral to tailored evidence-based psychological care; (2) the provision of person-centered care that connects to effective symptom management; (3) self-management support; and (4) signposting to additional services which extend beyond the acute care setting.

The Effects of Multimodal Prehabilitation Interventions in Men Affected by Prostate Cancer on Physical, Clinical and Patient Reported Outcome Measures: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVES: To synthesize existing evidence on the effects of multimodal prehabilitation interventions in men affected by prostate cancer on physical, clinical, and patient-reported outcome measures. DATA SOURCES: A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 Statement Guidelines. Electronic databases (ie, Medline, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane CENTRAL, and clinicaltrials.gov) were searched using key search terms. Articles were assessed according to prespecified eligibility criteria. Data extraction and quality appraisal was conducted. The findings were integrated in a narrative synthesis. CONCLUSION: Of the 5863 publications screened, 118 articles were assessed in full text and 17 studies met the prescreening eligibility criteria. There were a range of study designs that included randomized controlled clinical trials (n = 11), quasi experimental (n = 4), cohort (n = 1), and case series (n = 1), covering a total of 1739 participants. The prehabilitation interventions included physical activity, peer support, pelvic floor muscle training, diet, nurse-led prehabilitation, psychological, and prehabilitation administration of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Significant heterogeneity existed in the prehabilitation intervention programs for men affected by prostate cancer in terms of the composition, duration, method of administration, and the outcomes measured to quantify their impact. This systematic review has identified that multimodal prehabilitation interventions are an emerging area for practice and research among men affected by prostate cancer. Importantly, there has been a lack of focus on the inclusion of partners as critical companions during this distressing phase of the cancer care continuum. For the moment, all members of the multidisciplinary team caring for people affected by prostate cancer are encouraged to use the findings in this review to inform holistic models of care.

Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of an online mindfulness program (MindOnLine) to reduce fear of recurrence among people with cancer: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a common condition among cancer survivors that can lead to significant levels of distress, anxiety and depression. Online mindfulness programmes may provide the mechanism to support cancer survivors manage FCR and distress, and improve people's well-being over the short, medium and long term. The primary aim of this study is to determine the potential efficacy of MindOnLine, a 9 session mindfulness-based programme for survivors of breast, prostate and colorectal cancer. A formal economic programme will also be conducted. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A single-blind randomised controlled trial to determine the efficacy and cost-efficacy of a MindOnLine programme for cancer survivors. A total of 400 people living with cancer will be recruited via online advertisements on social media platforms, peak consumer advocacy groups or through outpatient services at healthcare providers across Victoria, Australia. People will be randomly allocated to either the MindOnLine programme (n=200) or waitlist control (n=200). Participant assessments will occur at baseline, at 9 weeks and 9-month follow-up. The primary outcome is change in Fear of Recurrence Index Score total score between baseline and 9 weeks; secondary outcomes are changes in depression and anxiety, quality of life and mindfulness. The economic analysis comprises a cost-consequences analysis where all outcomes will be compared with costs. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval was obtained from the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre (20-53) and Deakin University (2020-284). All participants will be required to provide written informed consent. Findings will be disseminated in peer reviewed journals and among key stakeholder organisations including hospitals, cancer and community organisations and Government. If successful the project will be rolled out nationally with a formal implementation plan. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (12620000645954); Pre-results. Registered 6 June 2020, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=379520&isReview=true.

An exploration of the Role of the Prostate Cancer Specialist Nurse from Two International Perspectives.

OBJECTIVE: A diagnosis of prostate cancer is a major life-changing event that brings social, psychological, physical, financial, and spiritual challenges. In both the United Kingdom (UK) and Australia, prostate cancer specialist nurses (PCSNs) have a unique role in the care of men and their families. Prostate cancer specialist nursing roles are described from the UK and Australian perspective. DATA SOURCES: Government regulations, peer-reviewed journal articles, nursing society and government websites. CONCLUSION: Specialist nursing roles have developed within different frameworks and in response to very different political drivers in the UK and in Australia. An evidence base has developed demonstrating that PCSNs offer positive outcomes for men and their families. Despite some differences in the scope of international roles, there are common aspects. Both health care settings have challenges in terms of education, role definition, and capacity. Yet both PCSN roles have delivered innovative models of specialist care in terms of service delivery and patient support and education. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: PCSNs have the potential to significantly decrease the burden on the public health system and influence change. For men with prostate cancer and their families, PCSNs can improve care through holistic nursing models focussing on what is important to individuals: support, education, management of side effects, rehabilitation, and by delivering and improving access to high-quality care.

A neo-strategic planning approach to enhance local tobacco control programs.

BACKGROUND: Research in tobacco control demonstrating best practices is widely disseminated; however, application at the local level is often difficult. Translating research into practice requires a concerted effort to develop an understanding of the evidence and how it can be applied within diverse contexts. PURPOSE: A strategic planning infrastructure was developed to support the translation of evidence-based interventions into community practice. This paper highlights the strategic process of turning "know-what" into "know-how" to facilitate the strategic planning and implementation of tobacco control best practices at the local level. DESIGN: The purpose, people, process, and product strategies of knowledge management and translation provided a framework for the strategic planning infrastructure. The knowledge translation concepts of audience, motivations, and mechanisms were synergized in the neo-strategic planning component design. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: The participants were 20 community coalitions funded to implement local tobacco control programs. INTERVENTION: From 2004 to 2011, the strategic planners facilitated a cyclical process to translate research into practice using a trio of integrated tools, skill-building workshops on strategic planning, and grantee-driven technical assistance and consultation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In the short term, the usefulness of the strategic planning components to the programs was measured. The intermediate outcome was the successful movement of the community programs from the planning stage to the implementation stage. The achievement of community-level changes in planned tobacco control efforts was the overall outcome measure for the success of the local coalitions. RESULTS: Seventeen of 20 communities that began the planning process implemented strategic plans. All 17 of the programs implemented evidence-based practices, resulting in numerous tobacco-free policies, increased cessation, and increased support from the media and community. CONCLUSIONS: Bridging the gap between research and practice can enhance the practicality, efficiency, and effectiveness of tobacco control programs at the local level, maximizing the potential positive health impact.