RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The Vitamin D Receptor gene (VDR) is expressed in many tissues and modulates the expression of several other genes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) with the presence of VDR 2228570 C > T and VDR 1544410 A > G polymorphisms in Brazilian adults. METHODS: Two hundred forty three (243) individuals were included in a cross-sectional study. MetSyn was classified using the criteria proposed by National Cholesterol Educational Program--Adult Treatment Panel III. Insulin resistance and ß cell secretion were estimated by the mathematical models of HOMA IR and ß, respectively. The VDR 2228570 C > T and VDR 1544410 A > G polymorphisms were detected by enzymatic digestion and confirmed by allele specific PCR or amplification of refractory mutation. RESULTS: Individuals with MetSyn and heterozygosis for VDR 2228570 C > T have higher concentrations of iPTH and HOMA ß than those without this polymorphism, and subjects with recessive homozygosis for the same polymorphisms presented higher insulin resistance than those with the heterozygous genotype. There is no association among VDR 1544410 A > G and components of MetSyn, HOMA IR and ß, serum vitamin D (25(OH)D3) and intact parathormone (iPTH) levels in patients with MetSyn. A significant lower concentration of 25(OH)D3 was observed only in individuals without MetSyn in the VDR 1544410 A > G genotype. Additionally, individuals without MetSyn and heterozygosis for VDR 2228570 C > T presented higher concentration of triglycerides and lower HDL than those without this polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS: Using two common VDR polymorphism data suggests they may influence insulin secretion, insulin resistance an serum HDL-cholesterol in our highly heterogeneous population. Whether VDR polymorphism may influence the severity of MetSyn component disorder, warrants examination in larger cohorts used for genome-wide association studies.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome Metabólico/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Receptores de Calcitriol/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Alelos , Antropometría , Glucemia/análisis , Presión Sanguínea , Brasil , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genotipo , Humanos , Insulina/sangre , Insulina/metabolismo , Resistencia a la Insulina/genética , Secreción de Insulina , Células Secretoras de Insulina/metabolismo , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólico/sangre , Síndrome Metabólico/complicaciones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores Socioeconómicos , Triglicéridos/sangre , Vitamina D/administración & dosificación , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/sangre , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/complicaciones , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/genéticaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Adequate nutrition, including intake of dietary calcium and vitamin D, is important to maintain bone health. Evidence suggests that a deficiency in micronutrients may contribute to bone loss during aging and exert generalized effects on chronic inflammation. Recently, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was developed to assess the inflammatory potential of individual diets. Our aim was to evaluate the DII in a representative sample and verify its association with low-impact fractures. METHODS: Individuals from The Brazilian Osteoporosis Study (BRAZOS) database had their DII calculated. BRAZOS is an important cross-sectional epidemiological study carried out with a representative sample of men and women ≥40 years old. The research was conducted through in-home interviews administered by a trained team. Nutrition Database System for Research (NDSR) software was used to analyze data on the intake of nutrients, which were employed to calculate the DII using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS®) and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS®) to assess its association with low-impact fractures. RESULTS: A total of 2269 subjects had their DII score calculated using information from 24-h recall data. Males had lower DII than females (DII = 1.12 ± 1.04 vs DII = 1.24 ± 0.99, p = 0.012). Women taking statins had lower DII (DII = 0.65 ± 1.14 vs DII + 1.26 ± 0.98, p = 0.002), indicating a greater potential for diet-related anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that women might have a pro-inflammatory diet pattern compared to men. However, we did not find any association between DII scores and low-impact fractures.
Asunto(s)
Dieta/efectos adversos , Fracturas Óseas/etiología , Inflamación/complicaciones , Osteoporosis/complicaciones , Accidentes por Caídas , Adulto , Anciano , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Fracturas Óseas/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores Sexuales , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
O envelhecimento modifica a composição corporal e a fisiologia dos indivíduos impactando na diminuição da massa corporal e no estado nutricional. Este estudo objetiva analisar a associação entre os indicadores antropométricos de avaliação da massa muscular com o risco nutricional e o déficit funcional em idosos. Estudo transversal, com idosos da comunidade (≥ 60 anos de idade) atendidos na atenção básica do município de Doutor Ricardo/RS. As variáveis analisadas foram: sociodemográficas; estilo de vida; Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis; risco nutricional; estado nutricional; massa muscular; índice de massa muscular esquelética; circunferência da panturrilha; área muscular do braço corrigida; espessura do músculo adutor do polegar, índice do músculo adutor e funcionalidade. Para análise estatística utilizou-se o valor de P <0,05. Foram avaliados 44 idosos com média de idade de 71,27±8,57 anos sendo 68,2% do sexo feminino (N= 30). Os homens apresentaram maiores médias de massa muscular (P <0,001) e de índice de massa muscular esquelética (P <0,001). Maiores percentuais de circunferência da panturrilha e de índice de massa muscular esquelética inadequados, associaram-se ao risco de desnutrição e com baixo peso (P <0,001). As relações encontradas com os indicadores de avaliação da massa muscular, índice de massa muscular esquelética e circunferência da panturrilha com o risco nutricional e inadequação do estado nutricional apontam a relevância da utilização destes indicadores na prática clínica.
Aging modifies the body composition and physiology of individuals, influencing the decrease in body mass and nutritional status. This study aims to analyze the association between anthropometric indicators of muscle mass assessment with nutritional risk and functional deficit in the elderly. This is a cross-sectional study, with community-dwelling elderly (≥ 60 years old) assisted in primary care centers in the city of Doutor Ricardo, RS. The analyzed variables were: sociodemographic data; lifestyle; chronic noncommunicable diseases; nutritional risk; nutritional status; muscle mass; skeletal muscle mass index; calf circumference; corrected arm muscle area; adductor pollicis muscle thickness; adductor muscle index; and functionality. For statistical analysis, P <0.05 was used. Forty-four elderly people with a mean age of 71.27±8.57 years were evaluated, 68.2% of whom were female (N= 30). Men had higher mean muscle mass (P <0.001) and skeletal muscle mass index (P <0.001). Higher percentages of inadequate calf circumference and skeletal muscle mass index were associated with the risk of malnutrition and low weight (P <0.001). The relationships found with the indicators for assessing muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass index and calf circumference with nutritional risk and inadequate nutritional status point to the relevance of using these indicators in clinical practice.
RESUMEN
The routine and often unavoidable exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation makes it one of the most significant environmental DNA-damaging agents to which humans are exposed. Sunlight, specifically UVB and UVA, triggers various types of DNA damage. Although sunlight, mainly UVB, is necessary for the production of vitamin D, which is necessary for human health, DNA damage may have several deleterious consequences, such as cell death, mutagenesis, photoaging and cancer. UVA and UVB photons can be directly absorbed not only by DNA, which results in lesions, but also by the chromophores that are present in skin cells. This process leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species, which may indirectly cause DNA damage. Despite many decades of investigation, the discrimination among the consequences of these different types of lesions is not clear. However, human cells have complex systems to avoid the deleterious effects of the reactive species produced by sunlight. These systems include antioxidants, that protect DNA, and mechanisms of DNA damage repair and tolerance. Genetic defects in these mechanisms that have clear harmful effects in the exposed skin are found in several human syndromes. The best known of these is xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), whose patients are defective in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) and translesion synthesis (TLS) pathways. These patients are mainly affected due to UV-induced pyrimidine dimers, but there is growing evidence that XP cells are also defective in the protection against other types of lesions, including oxidized DNA bases. This raises a question regarding the relative roles of the various forms of sunlight-induced DNA damage on skin carcinogenesis and photoaging. Therefore, knowledge of what occurs in XP patients may still bring important contributions to the understanding of the biological impact of sunlight-induced deleterious effects on the skin cells.
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Daño del ADN , Reparación del ADN , ADN/efectos de la radiación , Estrés Oxidativo , Piel/patología , Xerodermia Pigmentosa/patología , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Carcinogénesis , Humanos , Oxidación-Reducción , Dímeros de Pirimidina/química , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Envejecimiento de la Piel , Luz Solar/efectos adversos , Rayos UltravioletaRESUMEN
Objetivo: avaliar a relação entre a composição corporal e a espessura do músculo adutor do polegar, o estado nutricional e as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em idosos atendidos na atenção básica. Métodos: estudo transversal com idosos (≥ 60 anos de idade) que frequentam a Unidade Básica de Saúde de Doutor Ricardo (RS). As variáveis foram categorizadas em: perfis de população (socio-demográficos; estilo de vida; e doenças crônicas não transmissíveis DCNT) e composição corporal (peso; estatura; Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC); estado nutricional; massa magra; massa gorda; densidade corporal; percentual de gordura corporal (%GC); espessura do músculo adutor do polegar (EMAP); e índice do músculo adutor do polegar (iMAP). Os dados foram analisados no software STATA versão 12.0, sendo significativo p<0,05. Resultados: participaram 41 idosos, 65,9% mulheres, prevalecendo sobrepeso (p=0,029) e %GC (p<0,001). Peso, IMC e circunferência de panturrilha (p<0,001) associaram-se ao estado nutricional. Idosas com Diabetes Mellitus apresentaram maior IMC, %GC e densidade corporal (p<0,05). Os homens eutróficos apresentaram maiores médias de IMC quando comparados com aqueles classificados com desnutrição de acordo com a classificação da EMAP avaliada na mão direita (p=0,047). Conclusão: observou-se maior prevalência de excesso de peso, relacionada ao risco de desenvolvimento de DCNT, sobretudo em mulheres. Idosos com menor IMC apresentaram desnutrição pela medida do EMAP e associação entre baixo peso e menor circunferência da panturrilha. Percentuais de gordura corporal confirmam a tendência de alteração de composição corporal característicos do envelhecimento.(AU)
Objective: to evaluate the relationship between body composition and thickness of thumb adductor muscle, nutritional status and noncommunicable chronic diseases in the elderly assisted in primary care. Methods: cross-sectional study with elderly (≥60 years of age) attending at the Basic Health Unit of the city of Doutor Ricardo (RS). The variables were categorized into: population profile (sociodemographic; lifestyle and chronic noncommunicable diseases NCDs) and body composition (weight; height; Body Mass Index (BMI); nutritional status; lean mass; fat mass; density body fat percentage (%BF), thickness of thumb adductor muscle (TTAM) and index of thumb adductor muscle (iTAM). The data were analyzed using the STATA software version 12.0, with p<0,05 being significant. Results: 41 elderly people participated, 65,9% women, prevailing overweight (p=0,029) and %BF (p<0.001). Weight, BMI and calf circumference (p<0,001) were associated with nutritional status. Elderly women with diabetes mellitus had higher BMI, %BF and body density (p<0,05). Eutrophic men had higher mean BMI when compared to those classified as malnourished according to the classification of TTAM assessed in the right hand (p=0,047). Conclusion: there was a higher prevalence of overweight, related to the risk of developing NCDs, especially in women. Elderly people with lower BMI showed malnutrition by measu-ring the TTAM and an association between low weight and lower calf circumference. Percentages of body fat confirm the tendency to change body composition characteristic of aging.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Composición Corporal , Anciano , Estado Nutricional , Enfermedad CrónicaRESUMEN
Objetivo: traçar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos de toxoplasmose gestacional e congênita notificados na cidade de Santa Maria RS, decorrentes do surto ocorrido no ano de 2018 e investigar a associação entre as variáveis maternas e o diagnóstico do bebê. Método: foram avaliados retrospectivamente os casos notificados entre o período de março de 2018 a março de 2019. O diagnóstico do bebê e variáveis maternas foram analisados através de estatística descritiva e teste qui-quadrado. Resultados: Durante o período do estudo, foram notificados 206 casos de toxoplasmose gestacional, dos quais 74 foram confirmados como infecção recente. A transmissão vertical foi confirmada em 27% dos casos. Houve maior freqüência de transmissão em gestantes que tiveram o diagnóstico no terceiro trimestre de gestação (p=0,001) e que não realizaram tratamento durante a gestação (p<0,001). Conclusão: A ocorrência da toxoplasmose congênita está associada ao diagnóstico tardio, no último trimestre da gestação, e consequente falta do tratamento adequado. Ainda, houve uma alta prevalência de crianças infectadas por transmissão vertical decorrentes do surto, o que reforça a importância de um acompanhamento pré-natal e a atenção à necessidade da realização do tratamento e cuidado adequados no decorrer do desenvolvimento das crianças infectadas.
Objective: To trace the epidemiological profile of cases of gestational and congenital toxoplasmosis reported in the city of Santa Maria - RS, resulting from the outbreak that occurred in 2018 and to investigate the association between maternal variables and the baby's diagnosis. Method: Cases reported between March 2018 and March 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. The baby's diagnosis and maternal variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Results: During the study period, 206 cases of gestational toxoplasmosis were reported, of which 74 were confirmed as a recent infection. Vertical transmission was confirmed in 27% of cases. There was a higher frequency of transmission in pregnant women who were diagnosed in the third trimester of pregnancy (p = 0.001) and who did not undergo treatment during pregnancy (p <0.001). Conclusion: The occurrence of congenital toxoplasmosis is associated with late diagnosis, in the last trimester of pregnancy, and consequent lack of adequate treatment. In addition, there was a high prevalence of children infected by vertical transmission due to the outbreak, which reinforces the importance of prenatal care and attention to the need for adequate treatment and care during the development of infected children.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Toxoplasmosis/epidemiología , Embarazo , Toxoplasmosis CongénitaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Polyunsaturated fatty acids oxidize easily due to their chemical structure, causing a reduction of their nutritional properties. Nanostructured systems may be an alternative to protect fatty acids against oxidation, improving solubility and stability. Consequently, nutritional value of food is maintained as well as the sensory characteristics (color, flavor, texture, and aroma) when fatty acids are added to food products. The present study is a narrative review to introduce the potential benefits of omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids nanoparticles incorporated in food products. The literature review includes publications in English and Portuguese issued between March 1985 and March 2019, in PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science databases. Manual searches were conducted in the articles references lists of the articles included to identify other relevant studies. There were studies that evaluated the stability of fatty acids in food products such as bread, fruit juice, milk, yogurt, and meat. In this study, the most used nanostructured systems for the incorporation of fatty acids were the nanocapsules and the nanoliposomes. Currently, the nanostructured system demonstrates a potential to improve protection of polyunsaturated fatty acids against oxidization and thermal degradation. In this way, they maintain their functional properties and their bioavailability increases and therapeutic efficacy and sensory properties are improved. There are several methodologies being tested, which makes it difficult to identify the most efficient formulation to protect fatty acids. Nanostructured systems seem to be the best alternative to protect polyunsatured fatty acids from oxidization. The encapsulation efficiency, particle's size and type are relevant factors to be considered to evaluate oxidization. In conclusion, the review showed that currently it is impossible to determine the most efficient methodology. Besides, nanoformulations should follow international guidelines to present more standardized and therefore more efficient particles.
RESUMO Os ácidos graxos poli-insaturados são facilmente oxidados devido à sua estrutura química, o que acarreta a diminuição de suas propriedades nutricionais. Nesse contexto, o sistema nanoestruturado pode ser uma alternativa para protegê-los contra a oxidação, melhorando a solubilidade e estabilidade. Consequentemente, quando são adicionados a produtos alimentares, o valor nutricional é mantido, bem como as características sensoriais (cor, sabor, textura e aroma). O presente estudo é uma revisão narrativa para apresentar os potenciais benefícios das nanopartículas com ácidos graxos insaturados da classe ômega-3 incorporados a produtos alimentícios. A literatura consultada incluiu publicações em inglês e em português, considerando o período entre março de 1985 e março de 2019, utilizando as bases de dados PubMed, ScienceDirect e Web of Science. Foram realizadas buscas manuais nas referências dos artigos incluídos, a fim de identificar outros estudos relevantes. Foram encontradas pesquisas que avaliaram a estabilidade dos ácidos graxos em produtos alimentícios, como pães, suco de fruta, leite, iogurte e carne. Neste estudo, as nanoestruturas mais utilizadas para a incorporação dos ácidos graxos foram as nanocápsulas e os nanolipossomas. Atualmente, o sistema nanoestruturado demonstra um potencial para melhorar a proteção desses ácidos poli-insaturados contra a oxidação e degradação térmica. Dessa forma, eles mantêm suas propriedades funcionais, aumenta-se sua biodisponibilidade e há melhora da eficácia terapêutica e das propriedades sensoriais. Existem diversas metodologias sendo testadas, o que dificulta a identificação de qual seria a formulação mais eficiente nessa proteção, mas os sistemas nanoestruturados parecem ser a melhor alternativa para proteger os ácidos graxos insaturados da oxidação. A eficiência de encapsulação bem como o tamanho e o tipo de partícula são fatores importantes a considerar na avaliação da oxidação. Em conclusão, a revisão demonstrou que atualmente a metodologia mais eficiente não é possível de ser identificada. Ademais, as nanoformulações devem seguir diretrizes do protocolo internacional para apresentar partículas mais padronizadas e, assim, eficientes.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Grasos Omega-3 , Nanotecnología , Alimentos Funcionales , Ácidos Grasos InsaturadosRESUMEN
O diabetes é uma doença crônica decorrente de hiperglicemia permanente. A hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) resulta da ligação não enzimática entre a hemoglobina e a glicose. A dosagem da mesma é o principal determinante para avaliação do controle glicêmico em pacientes diabéticos. Este estudo objetivou correlacionar idade, perfil glicêmico e lipídico em uma amostra de prontuários de portadores de Diabetes Melito (DM), em um laboratório privado da região sul do Brasil. Foram analisados 776 prontuários no período entre janeiro a março de 2018, sendo que os prontuários foram obtidos a partir de registros dos meses entre março de 2016 a março de 2018. Analisamos HbA1c, glicose, triglicerídeos, colesterol total, LDL-colesterol e HDL-colesterol. Nossos resultados mostram predominância de mulheres idosas (61%), não havendo variação de idade entre os gêneros, em ambos foi possível observar correlação negativa e significativa entre idade e LDL-C. Não houve clara associação entre HbA1c e perfil lipídico na amostra estudada. Os resultados demonstraram aumento nos níveis de HbA1c e redução no colesterol total e LDL-C nos pacientes acima de 60 anos. Encontramos uma forte correlação positiva entre os parâmetros HbA1c e glicose, em ambos os gêneros. As correlações entre idade e demais variáveis foram fracas, entre ambos.
Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by the presence of permanent hyperglycemia. Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) is formed through the non-enzymatic binding of hemoglobin and glucose. Its dosage in blood is one of the most relevant factors in the evaluation of the glycemic control. The aim of this study is to correlate age, glycemic and lipid profiles in a sample of 776 patients diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus (DM), from a laboratory in southern Brazil. A total of 776 medical records were analyzed between January and March 2018, and the records were obtained from the records of the months between March 2016 and March 2018. HbA1c, glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol values were analyzed. Our results show a predominance of elderly women (61%), with no age variation between genders, in both it was possible to observe negative and significant correlation between age and LDL-C. There was no clear association between HbA1c and lipid profile. The results showed increased levels of HbA1c and a reduction in total cholesterol and LDL-C in patients over 60 years. A strong positive correlation was found between HbA1c and glucose parameters in both genders. The correlations between age and other variables were weak between both.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Colesterol , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus/sangre , Glucemia , Brasil/epidemiología , Hemoglobina Glucada/análisis , Técnicas de Laboratorio ClínicoRESUMEN
O diabetes é uma doença crônica decorrente de hiperglicemia permanente. A hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) resulta da ligação não enzimática entre a hemoglobina e a glicose. A dosagem da mesma é o principal determinante para avaliação do controle glicêmico em pacientes diabéticos. Este estudo objetivou correlacionar idade, perfil glicêmico e lipídico em uma amostra de prontuários de portadores de Diabetes Melito (DM), em um laboratório privado da região sul do Brasil. Foram analisados 776 prontuários no período entre janeiro a março de 2018, sendo que os prontuários foram obtidos a partir de registros dos meses entre março de 2016 a março de 2018. Analisamos HbA1c, glicose, triglicerídeos, colesterol total, LDL-colesterol e HDL-colesterol. Nossos resultados mostram predominância de mulheres idosas (61%), não havendo variação de idade entre os gêneros, em ambos foi possível observar correlação negativa e significativa entre idade e LDL-C. Não houve clara associação entre HbA1c e perfil lipídico na amostra estudada. Os resultados demonstraram aumento nos níveis de HbA1c e redução no colesterol total e LDL-C nos pacientes acima de 60 anos. Encontramos uma forte correlação positiva entre os parâmetros HbA1c e glicose, em ambos os gêneros. As correlações entre idade e demais variáveis foram fracas, entre ambos. (AU)
Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by the presence of permanent hyperglycemia. Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) is formed through the non-enzymatic binding of hemoglobin and glucose. Its dosage in blood is one of the most relevant factors in the evaluation of the glycemic control. The aim of this study is to correlate age, glycemic and lipid profiles in a sample of 776 patients diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus (DM), from a laboratory in southern Brazil. A total of 776 medical records were analyzed between January and March 2018, and the records were obtained from the records of the months between March 2016 and March 2018. HbA1c, glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol values were analyzed. Our results show a predominance of elderly women (61%), with no age variation between genders, in both it was possible to observe negative and significant correlation between age and LDL-C. There was no clear association between HbA1c and lipid profile. The results showed increased levels of HbA1c and a reduction in total cholesterol and LDL-C in patients over 60 years. A strong positive correlation was found between HbA1c and glucose parameters in both genders. The correlations between age and other variables were weak between both. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Glucemia , Brasil , Hemoglobina Glucada , Colesterol , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , LaboratoriosRESUMEN
Abstract Introduction: Adequate nutrition, including intake of dietary calcium and vitamin D, is important to maintain bone health. Evidence suggests that a deficiency in micronutrients may contribute to bone loss during aging and exert generalized effects on chronic inflammation. Recently, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was developed to assess the inflammatory potential of individual diets. Our aim was to evaluate the DII in a representative sample and verify its association with low-impact fractures. Methods: Individuals from The Brazilian Osteoporosis Study (BRAZOS) database had their DII calculated. BRAZOS is an important cross-sectional epidemiological study carried out with a representative sample of men and women ≥40 years old. The research was conducted through in-home interviews administered by a trained team. Nutrition Database System for Research (NDSR) software was used to analyze data on the intake of nutrients, which were employed to calculate the DII using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS®) and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS®) to assess its association with low-impact fractures. Results: A total of 2269 subjects had their DII score calculated using information from 24-h recall data. Males had lower DII than females (DII = 1.12 ± 1.04 vs DII = 1.24 ± 0.99, p = 0.012). Women taking statins had lower DII (DII = 0.65 ±1.14 vs DII + 1.26 ± 0.98, p = 0.002), indicating a greater potential for diet-related anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that women might have a pro-inflammatory diet pattern compared to men. However, we did not find any association between DII scores and low-impact fractures.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Higiene Bucal/estadística & datos numéricos , Periodontitis/epidemiología , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Salud Bucal/estadística & datos numéricos , Pérdida de Diente/epidemiología , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Higiene Bucal/psicología , Periodontitis/economía , Periodontitis/fisiopatología , Periodontitis/psicología , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Factores Socioeconómicos , Brasil/epidemiología , Composición Familiar , Estudios Prospectivos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Pérdida de Diente/economía , Pérdida de Diente/fisiopatología , Pérdida de Diente/psicología , Prótesis Dental/estadística & datos numéricos , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Caries Dental/economía , Caries Dental/fisiopatología , Caries Dental/psicología , EscolaridadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether vitamin D status is related to blood pressure (BP) in adults. METHODS: We evaluated the relationship between vitamin D status, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and BP in 332 adults. Anthropometric measurements, BP, and a fasting blood sample was obtained. Participants were stratified into the following BP categories: 1) normal BP; 2) high BP; 3) normal BP through medication. Vitamin D insufficiency was defined as 25-hydroxvitamin D ≤ 75 nmol/L; high iPTH as > 65 pg/mL. The relationships between vitamin D status, iPTH and BP were adjusted for body mass index, waist circumference, blood lipids, physical activity, and sunscreen use. RESULTS: No differences in prevalences of vitamin D insufficiency and high iPTH were observed among BP groups. No significant association was observed between BP and vitamin D status. Positive correlations were observed between iPTH and systolic BP (r = 0.168; P = 0.002) and between iPTH and diastolic BP (r = 0.168; P = 0.002). iPTH remained correlated with BP even with adjustments. CONCLUSIONS: The present study contributes to the understanding of calcemic hormones and BP regulation.
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Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Hormona Paratiroidea/sangre , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/sangre , Vitamina D/sangre , Adulto , Anciano , Glucemia/metabolismo , Estatura , Índice de Masa Corporal , Brasil , Colesterol/sangre , Creatinina/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Ayuno , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Actividad Motora , Estado Nutricional , Prevalencia , Triglicéridos/sangre , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/tratamiento farmacológico , Circunferencia de la CinturaRESUMEN
Abstract Objective: To identify the relationship between inflammatory markers and sarcopenia, and the diagnostic criteria of the condition among the elderly. Methods: A systematic review was performed based on the consultation of the PubMed and LILACS databases. Eligible original articles were those involving individuals aged 60 years or more, which investigated sarcopenia [low muscle mass (MM) associated with poor muscle strength and/or reduced physical performance, according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People consensus (EWGSOP)] or its diagnostic criteria, published in English or Portuguese, between 2010-2015. Results: Four articles were included in the review, the principle results of which were: the growth differentiation factor (GDF-15) exhibited a negative correlation with MM, handgrip strength and gait speed; the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) correlated positively with MM; follistatin exhibited a weak correlation with physical performance; activin A and myostatin did not correlate with the diagnostic criteria; the highest tercile of extracellular heat shock protein 72 (eHsp72) was associated with lower median levels of MM, handgrip strength and gait speed; elderly persons with low MM had higher serum ferritin concentrations; women with low MM exhibited lower serum concentration levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). Conclusion: the six investigated inflammatory markers (GDF-15, IGF-1, follistatin, eHsp72, ferritin and CRP) were associated with the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia, but not with sarcopenia itself. As research in this area is still developing, additional studies are required to broaden knowledge and eventually establish the role of these markers in the diagnosis and management of sarcopenia. AU
Resumo Objetivo: Conhecer a relação de marcadores inflamatórios com sarcopenia e seus critérios diagnósticos em idosos. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática. Foram consultadas as bases PubMed e LILACS. Foram elegíveis artigos originais, envolvendo indivíduos com 60 anos de idade ou mais, que investigaram sarcopenia baixa massa muscular (MM) associada à baixa força muscular e/ou baixo desempenho físico, conforme o Consenso do European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) ou seus critérios diagnósticos, publicados em inglês ou português, entre 2010-2015. Resultados: foram incluídos quatro artigos na revisão cujos principais resultados foram: o fator de diferenciação do crescimento (GDF-15) apresentou correlação negativa com MM, força de preensão palmar e velocidade da marcha; o fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina-1 (IGF-1) apresentou correlação positiva com MM; a folistatina apresentou correlação fraca com desempenho físico; activina A e miostatina não apresentaram correlação com os critérios diagnósticos; o maior tercil de proteína de choque térmico extracelular 72 (eHsp72) foi associado com níveis medianos menores de MM, força de preensão palmar e velocidade da marcha; idosos com baixa MM apresentaram maiores concentrações séricas de ferritina; mulheres com baixa MM apresentaram menores concentrações séricas de proteína C reativa (PCR). Conclusão: Seis marcadores inflamatórios investigados (GDF-15, IGF-1, folistatina, eHsp72, ferritina e PCR) mostraram-se associados aos critérios diagnósticos de sarcopenia, porém nenhum com sarcopenia. Como os estudos desta temática são insipientes, estudos adicionais são necessários para aprofundar o conhecimento e para, eventualmente, estabelecer o papel dos marcadores inflamatórios no diagnóstico e intervenção. AU
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Biomarcadores , Salud del Anciano , Revisión , SarcopeniaRESUMEN
Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency has been worldwide reported in all age groups in recent years. It has been considered a Public Health matter since decreased levels of vitamin D has been related to several chronic diseases, as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity and hypertension. Glucose intolerance and insulin secretion has been observed during vitamin D deficiency, both in animals and humans resulting in T2DM. The supposed mechanism underlying these findings is presence of vitamin D receptor in several tissues and cells, including pancreatic beta-cells, adipocyte and muscle cells. In obese individuals, the impaired vitamin D endocrine system, characterized by high levels of PTH and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) could induce a negative feedback for the hepatic synthesis of 25(OH)D and also contribute to a higher intracellular calcium, which in turn secrete less insulin and deteriorate insulin sensitivity. In hypertension, vitamin D could act on renin-angiotensin system and also in vascular function. Administration of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) could decreases renin gene expression and inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. However, prospective and intervention human studies that clearly demonstrates the benefits of vitamin D status adequacy in the prevention and treatment of endocrine metabolic diseases are lacking. Further research still necessary to assure the maximum benefit of vitamin D in such situations.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Hipertensión , Obesidad , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/complicaciones , Vitamina D/metabolismo , Glucemia/fisiología , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevención & control , Humanos , Hipertensión/sangre , Hipertensión/prevención & control , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/prevención & control , Receptores de Calcitriol/metabolismo , Vitamina D/sangreRESUMEN
Atualmente, a insuficiência/deficiência de vitamina D tem sido considerada um problema de saúde pública no mundo todo, em razão de suas implicações no desenvolvimento de diversas doenças, entre elas, o diabetes melito tipo 2 (DMT2), a obesidade e a hipertensão arterial. A deficiência de vitamina D pode predispor à intolerância à glicose, a alterações na secreção de insulina e, assim, ao desenvolvimento do DMT2. Esse possível mecanismo ocorre em razão da presença do receptor de vitamina D em diversas células e tecidos, incluindo células-β do pâncreas, no adipócito e no tecido muscular. Em indivíduos obesos, as alterações do sistema endócrino da vitamina D, caracterizada por elevados níveis de PTH e da 1,25(OH)2D3 são responsáveis pelo feedback negativo da síntese hepática de 25-OHD3 e também pelo maior influxo de cálcio para o meio intracelular, que pode prejudicar a secreção e a sensibilidade à insulina. Na hipertensão, a vitamina D pode atuar via sistema renina-angiotensina e também na função vascular. Há evidências de que a 1,25(OH)2D3 inibe a expressão da renina e bloqueia a proliferação da célula vascular muscular lisa. Entretanto, estudos prospectivos e de intervenção em humanos que comprovem a efetividade da adequação do status da vitamina D sob o aspecto "prevenção e tratamento de doenças endocrinometabólicas" são ainda escassos. Mais pesquisas são necessárias para se garantir o benefício máximo da vitamina D nessas situações.
Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency has been worldwide reported in all age groups in recent years. It has been considered a Public Health matter since decreased levels of vitamin D has been related to several chronic diseases, as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity and hypertension. Glucose intolerance and insulin secretion has been observed during vitamin D deficiency, both in animals and humans resulting in T2DM. The supposed mechanism underlying these findings is presence of vitamin D receptor in several tissues and cells, including pancreatic β-cells, adipocyte and muscle cells. In obese individuals, the impaired vitamin D endocrine system, characterized by high levels of PTH and 1,25(OH)2D3 could induce a negative feedback for the hepatic synthesis of 25(OH)D and also contribute to a higher intracellular calcium, which in turn secrete less insulin and deteriorate insulin sensitivy. In hypertension, vitamin D could act on renin-angiotensin system and also in vascular function. Administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 could decreases renin gene expression and inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. However, prospective and intervention human studies that clearly demonstrates the benefits of vitamin D status adequacy in the prevention and treatment of endocrine metabolic diseases are lacking. Further research still necessary to assure the maximum benefit of vitamin D in such situations.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Hipertensión , Obesidad , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/complicaciones , Vitamina D/metabolismo , Glucemia/fisiología , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , /sangre , /prevención & control , Hipertensión/sangre , Hipertensión/prevención & control , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/prevención & control , Receptores de Calcitriol/metabolismo , Vitamina D/sangreRESUMEN
Introdução - O receptor de vitamina D (VDR) é expresso em vários tecidos e quando este se encontra na sua forma ativada, modula a expressão de diversos genes. Esses incluem variações dos níveis circulantes de 1,25(OH) 2 D , variações na densidade mineral óssea, secreção e sensibilidade à insulina em resposta à glicose, suscetibilidade à diabetes tipo 1 e 2, obesidade, dislipidemias e hipertensão arterial. Atualmente, evidências têm sugerido o envolvimento da vitamina D com a síndrome metabólica. Objetivo - Investigar a concentração sérica da vitamina D e sua relação com a síndrome metabólica e avaliar a potencial associação entre estes fatores com a presença de polimorfismos no gene do receptor de vitamina D (VDR) em indivíduos adultos. Métodos - Trata-se de um estudo transversal, onde foram avaliados 372 indivíduos adultos. Foram coletadas amostras sanguíneas para dosagens laboratoriais da 25(OH)D 3 , PTH e exames bioquímicos relacionados à SM, além disso foram realizadas avaliações antropométricas (peso, altura, IMC). A síndrome metabólica (SM) foi classificada usando o critério proposto pelo National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). A resistência a insulina foi estimada pelo cálculo de HOMA IR e a função da célula pelo cálculo de HOMA . A 25(OH)D foi dosada por HPLC e a insuficiência foi determinada pelo ponto de corte da curva Roc (52,6nmol/l). Foram avaliados também PTH intacto e cálcio sérico. Os polimorfismos BsmI e FokI foram detectados através da digestão das enzimas de restrições específicas para cada polimorfismo e confirmados através da técnica PCR alelo específico (ASPCR) ou amplificação de mutação refratária (ARMs) nos indivíduos com e sem SM (52 por cento vs. 48 por cento , respectivamente). A análise estatística inclui construção da curva ROC, teste T de Student, testes de correlação, teste de equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg, ANOVA, regressão logística binária (Odds Ratio). Estas análises foram conduzidas no software SPSS para Windows, versão 18 e p < 0,05 foi considerado significante.