Factors associated with clinically significant increased walking time in multiple sclerosis: results of a survival analysis of short-term follow-up data from a clinical database.

BACKGROUND: Because multiple sclerosis (MS) is variable and unpredictable, if symptom worsening could be predicted, patients may feel better prepared to manage changes in function. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to study the prediction of walking impairment in MS. METHODS: We retrieved data for all MS patients at our center (2008-2009), including baseline and follow-up timed 25-foot walk (T25FW) times. We assessed the incidence of ≥20% worsening in T25FW by developing two survival models: (1) disease course and (2) Multiple Sclerosis Performance Scales (MSPS) score. The outcome was days until ≥20% worsening in T25FW. Covariates were disease subtype, years since diagnosis, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score, and demographics. Data were interval censored; missing data were handled with multiple imputation. RESULTS: Of 1544 patients, 309 (20%) experienced ≥20% worsening T25FW. For disease course, time to worsening was significantly shorter for secondary progressive vs. relapsing-remitting disease (p < 0.001). For MSPS, patients with lower baseline MSPS scores progressed more slowly (p = 0.001). In both models, sex, baseline T25W, and time since diagnosis were significantly associated with worsening. In the disease course model, PHQ 9 score may be related to worsening (p = 0.07). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest factors associated with worsening in T25FW and a potential approach to establishing indicators associated with clinically significant change.

Longitudinal analysis of illness uncertainty, coping, hopefulness, and mood during participation in a clinical drug trial.

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine the relationships among illness uncertainty, coping effectiveness, hopefulness, and mood in persons with chronic, progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) during participation in a double-blind clinical drug trial. The similarities and differences in the pattern of relationships among variables were investigated within each of four data collection time frames and across time. The convenience sample comprised 52 participants with clinically definite MS who participated in a 2-year trial using methotrexate to treat progressive MS. Participants with more severe disability were found to be less hopeful and more emotionally distressed. Participants with higher levels of hopefulness used more effective coping strategies and had more positive moods, and those with greater uncertainty about their MS were likely to experience less hopefulness and more negative moods. The pattern of relationships among uncertainty, coping, hopefulness, and mood did not change throughout participation in the drug trial. The findings may be used as a foundation for planning nursing interventions with patients involved in drug studies.

Intrathecal baclofen for spasticity-related pain in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: efficacy and factors associated with pain relief.

Clinical signs and symptoms of spasticity include hypertonia, involuntary movements (spasms, clonus), decreased range of motion, contractures, and often spasm-related pain. When spasticity is refractory to medical management, patients may be referred for intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pump placement. We reviewed a cohort of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with intractable spasticity requiring ITB to further define the impact of ITB on pain relief in this patient population. From 2003 to 2005, eight patients (mean age 43.8 years; 5 men, 3 women) with ALS received ITB for pain associated with intractable spasticity at our institution. Mean disease duration preoperatively was 47.4 months, mean follow-up was 9.8 months, and pain was evaluated using a 0-10 scoring system. All patients experienced spasticity relief in response to a preoperative bolus test injection of ITB (25-50 microg) via lumbar puncture. Following ITB pump placement, the average reduction of pain was 54% (P = 0.0082). Six patients (75%) experienced pain score reduction, three of whom had complete pain relief. Postoperative pain reduction was predicted by the degree of pain reduction following preoperative ITB test injection. These results support ITB as a treatment modality for pain associated with spasticity in ALS.