Exposure to violence and its association with symptoms of aggression: A cross sectional study among medical students of Karachi, Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the experience of violence and its association with symptoms of aggression among medical students. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted from January 5 to 14, 2018, at Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, and comprised medical students who were interviewed using a self-reporting questionnaire that had three sections: demographics, the Aggression Questionnaire, and the Exposure to Violence Scale. Data were analysed using SPSS 20.. RESULTS: Of the 192 subjects, 144(75%) were females and 48(25%) were males, with an overall mean age of 21.39+/- 2 years. Total exposure to violence was significantly higher among older male respondents (p<0.05). It was significantly associated with higher severity of physical aggression and hostility (p<0.05). However, it had no significant relationship with verbal aggression and anger (p>0.05).. CONCLUSIONS: A large proportion of medical students reported exposure to violent events, which was also associated with increased aggression among them.

Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in population with arthralgia presenting to a tertiary care hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate patients presenting to healthcare facilities because of joint pain and subsequently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: The prospective study was conducted from August 1, 2013,to January 20, 2014, at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, and comprised patients presenting with joint pain. A questionnaire was used to collect data, and patients were diagnosed using American College of Rheumatology / European League Against Rheumatism Rheumatoid Arthritis Classification Criteria. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20. RESULTS: Of the 320 patients approached, 316(98.7%) filled the questionnaire. Eighty five (26.9%) were diagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis. Sixty (70.5%) were females and 25 (26.3%) were males. The frequency of rheumatoid arthritis was higher in people in 4th, 5th and 6th decades of life. Twenty five (7.9%) patients had positive family history, 77 (90.2%) were chronic sufferers and only 53 (16%) agreed to follow recommended immunosuppressive therapies. 212 (67.1%) patients belonged to highly literate class. CONCLUSIONS: Proper guidance regarding the disease was found to be lacking in the urban centre.