The metabolic potential of inflammatory and insulinaemic dietary patterns and risk of type 2 diabetes.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Diets with higher inflammatory and insulinaemic potential have been associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. However, it remains unknown whether plasma metabolomic profiles related to proinflammatory/hyperinsulinaemic diets and to inflammatory/insulin biomarkers are associated with type 2 diabetes risk. METHODS: We analysed 6840 participants from the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study to identify the plasma metabolome related to empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP), empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH), four circulating inflammatory biomarkers and C-peptide. Dietary intakes were assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires. Plasma metabolomic profiling was conducted by LC-MS/MS. Metabolomic signatures were derived using elastic net regression. Multivariable Cox regression was used to examine associations of the metabolomic profiles with type 2 diabetes risk. RESULTS: We identified 27 metabolites commonly associated with both EDIP and inflammatory biomarker z score and 21 commonly associated with both EDIH and C-peptide. Higher metabolomic dietary inflammatory potential (MDIP), reflecting higher metabolic potential of both an inflammatory dietary pattern and circulating inflammatory biomarkers, was associated with higher type 2 diabetes risk. The HR comparing highest vs lowest quartiles of MDIP was 3.26 (95% CI 2.39, 4.44). We observed a strong positive association with type 2 diabetes risk for the metabolomic signature associated with EDIP-only (HR 3.75; 95% CI 2.71, 5.17) or inflammatory biomarkers-only (HR 4.07; 95% CI 2.91, 5.69). In addition, higher metabolomic dietary index for hyperinsulinaemia (MDIH), reflecting higher metabolic potential of both an insulinaemic dietary pattern and circulating C-peptide, was associated with greater type 2 diabetes risk (HR 3.00; 95% CI 2.22, 4.06); further associations with type 2 diabetes were HR 2.79 (95% CI 2.07, 3.76) for EDIH-only signature and HR 3.89 (95% CI 2.82, 5.35) for C-peptide-only signature. The diet scores were significantly associated with risk, although adjustment for the corresponding metabolomic signature scores attenuated the associations with type 2 diabetes, these remained significant. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The metabolomic signatures reflecting proinflammatory or hyperinsulinaemic diets and related biomarkers were positively associated with type 2 diabetes risk, supporting that these dietary patterns may influence type 2 diabetes risk via the regulation of metabolism.

Infectious etiologies of persistent and chronic diarrhea in Asian developing countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Infectious causes of diarrhea contribute significantly to morbidity in Asia. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of infectious etiologies of persistent and chronic diarrhea in Asian adults. Searches were performed on PubMed and Scopus for studies from January 1, 1970, to May 30, 2023. Sixteen studies were identified and included. The meta-analysis was conducted with the random-effects method, estimating the pooled prevalence of groups of infectious pathogens as causes of persistent and chronic diarrhea among Asian adults. The findings were highly heterogeneous and indicative of publication bias. The majority of studies were conducted on persons living with human immunodeficiency virus infection (PLHIV). The studies were predominantly from low-income and middle-income Asian countries. The most common cause was parasitic, with a pooled prevalence of 0.52 (95% confidence interval 0.28-0.65, I2 = 99%, Cochran's Q = 1027.44, P < 0.01), followed by bacterial, fungal, and viral causes, which were substantially rarer. Negative microbiological testing was also common, with a pooled prevalence for a negative test being 0.37 (95% confidence interval 0.17-0.52, I2 = 99%, Cochran's Q = 1027.44, P < 0.01). Subgroup analyses of studies conducted among PLHIV, from year 2000 and among those conducted in Southeast Asia showed a similar prevalence of parasitic causes of diarrhea. In conclusion, in Asian adults with persistent and chronic diarrhea, parasitic causes were most prevalent. However, the estimate of true prevalence is limited by significant heterogeneity among the available studies. More study in this field is required, especially examining PLHIV in the post-antiretroviral therapy era and from high-income countries.

An Improved Assessment Method to Estimate (Poly)phenol Intake in Adults with Chronic Pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND: Insights into (poly)phenol exposure represent a modifiable factor that may modulate inflammation in chronic pancreatitis (CP), yet intake is poorly characterized and methods for assessment are underdeveloped. AIMS: The aims are to develop and test a method for estimating (poly)phenol intake from a 90-day food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) using the Phenol-Explorer database and determine associations with dietary patterns in CP patients versus controls via analysis of previously collected cross-sectional data. METHODS: Fifty-two CP patients and 48 controls were recruited from an ambulatory clinic at a large, academic institution. To assess the feasibility of the proposed methodology for estimating dietary (poly)phenol exposure, a retrospective analysis of FFQ data was completed. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare (poly)phenol intake by group; Spearman correlations and multivariable-adjusted log-linear associations were used to compare (poly)phenol intakes with dietary scores within the sample. RESULTS: Estimation of (poly)phenol intake from FFQs was feasible and produced estimates within a range of intake previously reported. Total (poly)phenol intake was significantly lower in CP vs controls (463 vs. 567mg/1000kcal; p = 0.041). In adjusted analyses, higher total (poly)phenol intake was associated with higher HEI-2015 (r = 0.34, p < 0.001), aMED (r = 0.22, p = 0.007), EDIH (r = 0.29, p < 0.001), and EDIP scores (r = 0.35, p < 0.001), representing higher overall diet quality and lower insulinemic and anti-inflammatory dietary potentials, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Using enhanced methods to derive total (poly)phenol intake from an FFQ is feasible. Those with CP have lower total (poly)phenol intake and less favorable dietary pattern indices, thus supporting future tailored dietary intervention studies in this population.

Associations of dietary patterns with kidney cancer risk, kidney cancer-specific mortality and all-cause mortality among postmenopausal women.

BACKGROUND: The empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) and empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) are novel measures of dietary quality associated with insulin hypersecretion or chronic inflammation, respectively, whereas the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) measures adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). We evaluated associations of EDIH, EDIP and HEI-2015 on the risk of both kidney cancer development and mortality. METHODS: We calculated the dietary scores from baseline food frequency questionnaires among 115,830 participants aged 50-79 years in the Women's Health Initiative. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for kidney cancer risk, kidney cancer-specific mortality and all-cause mortality, per 1-standard deviation increment in dietary pattern scores. RESULTS: Higher EDIH was associated with greater risk of kidney cancer development [HR, 1.12; 95%CI, (1.01,1.23)], kidney cancer-specific death [1.22(0.99,1.48)], and all-cause mortality, [1.05(1.02,1.08)]. Higher HEI-2015 was associated with lower risk of kidney cancer development, [0.85(0.77, 0.94)], kidney cancer-specific death, [0.84(0.69,1.03)] and all-cause mortality, [0.97(0.95,1.00)]. However, EDIP was not significantly associated with outcomes. Associations did not differ by BMI categories. CONCLUSIONS: Low-insulinemic dietary patterns and higher quality diets, are worthy of testing in dietary pattern intervention trials for kidney cancer prevention and improved survivorship.

First-principles studies on the electronic and photocatalytic water splitting properties of surface functionalized Y2C-based MXenes.

Recently, MXenes, an emerging family of two-dimensional (2D) materials, have attracted increasing interest for photocatalytic water splitting due to their various excellent physical and chemical properties, such as large specific surface area, good hydrophilicity, and remarkable light absorption ability. However, the photocatalysts of MXenes with symmetric structures are limited by rapid recombination of photo-generated carriers and the prerequisite of a large band gap no less than 1.23 eV. Differently, Janus MXenes with different surface functional groups facilitate the separation of photo-generated electrons and holes with the help of the intrinsic electric field. And, at the same time, there is no prerequisite for the band gap of Janus MXene photocatalysts as long as they possess appropriate band edge positions. Here, we explored the structural, electronic and photocatalytic water splitting properties of symmetric Y2CT2 and Janus Y2CTT' MXenes (T, T' = H, F, Cl, OH) using the density functional theory (DFT) method. Our calculations show that all the investigated Y2CT2 are not suitable photocatalysts for photocatalytic water splitting at all pH values (pH = 0, 7, and 14). In contrast, all the investigated Janus Y2CTT' MXenes are good water splitting photocatalysts with high optical absorption coefficients and remarkable solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiencies larger than 18% at pH = 14. Moreover, the STH efficiencies are larger than 18% even at all investigated pH values for Y2CHCl (18.5-22.6%), Y2 CFCl (∼18.7%), and Y2 C(OH)Cl (∼19.4%). Based on the first-principles calculations, we here for the first time propose an easy strategy to design Janus MXene photocatalyst candidates with possible high STH efficiency according to the electronic properties of their symmetric counterparts. Our study is helpful for the future design of Janus MXenes and more generally Janus 2D photocatalysts for water splitting with high STH efficiency.

[Chemical constituents from stems and leaves of Cratoxylum cochinchinense and their inhibitory effects on proliferation of synoviocytes in vitro].

The chemical constituents from the stems and leaves of Cratoxylum cochinchinense were isolated and purified using silica gel, ODS gel, and Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, as well as preparative HPLC. The chemical structures of all isolated compounds were identified on the basis of their physicochemical properties, spectroscopic analyses, and the comparison of their physicochemical and spectroscopic data with the reported data in literature. As a result, 21 compounds were isolated from the 90% ethanol extract of the stems and leaves of C. cochinchinense, which were identified as cratocochine(1), 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone(2), 1-hydroxy-5,6,7-trimethoxyxanthone(3), ferrxanthone(4), 3,6-dihydroxy-1,5-dimethoxyxanthone(5), 3,6-dihydroxy-1,7-dimethoxyxanthone(6), 1,2,5-trihydroxy-6,8-dimethoxyxanthone(7), securixanthone G(8), gentisein(9), 3,7-dihydroxy-1-methoxyxanthone(10), pancixanthone B(11), garcimangosxanthone A(12), pruniflorone L(13), 9-hydroxy alabaxanthone(14), cochinchinone A(15), luteolin(16), 3,5'-dimethoxy-4',7-epoxy-8,3'-neolignane-5,9,9'-triol(17), N-benzyl-9-oxo-10E,12E-octadecadienamide(18), 15-hydroxy-7,13E-labdadiene(19), stigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one(20), and stigmast-5-en-3ß-ol(21). Among these isolates, compound 1 was a new xanthone, compounds 2-5, 7, 8, 12, and 16-21 were isolated from the Cratoxylum plant for the first time, and compounds 11 and 13 were obtained from C. cochinchinense for the first time. Furthermore, all isolated compounds 1-21 were appraised for their anti-rheumatoid arthritis activities by MTS method through measuring their anti-proliferative effect on synoviocytes in vitro. As a result, xanthones 1-15 displayed notable anti-rheumatoid arthritis activities, which showed inhibitory effects on the proliferation of MH7A synoviocytes with the IC_(50) values ranging from(8.98±0.12) to(228.68±0.32) µmol·L~(-1).

Meta-analysis and systematic review: Prevalence, graft failure, mortality, and post-operative thrombosis in liver transplant recipients with pre-operative portal vein thrombosis.

AIMS: This study seeks to evaluate the association between pre-transplant portal vein thrombosis (PVT) and overall survival, graft failure, waitlist mortality, and post-operative PVT after liver transplantation. METHODS: A conventional pairwise meta-analysis between patients with and without pre-transplant PVT was conducted using hazard ratios or odds ratios where appropriate. RESULTS: Prevalence of preoperative PVT was 11.6% (CI 9.70-13.7%). Pre-operative PVT was associated with increased overall mortality (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.27-1.65) and graft loss (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.34-1.85). In particular, grade 3 (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.00-2.51) and 4 (HR 2.24, 95% CI 1.45-3.45) PVT significantly increased mortality, but not grade 1 or 2 PVT. Patients with PVT receiving living donor (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.24-1.91) and deceased donor (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.21-1.92) liver transplantation had increased mortality, with no significant difference between transplant types (P = .13). Furthermore, pre-transplant PVT was associated with higher occurrence of post-transplant PVT (OR 5.06, 95% CI 3.89-6.57). Waitlist mortality was not significantly increased in patients with pre-transplant PVT. CONCLUSION: Graft failure, mortality, and post-operative PVT are more common in pre-transplant PVT patients, especially in grade 3 or 4 PVT. Prophylactic anticoagulation can be considered to reduce re-thrombosis and improve survival.

All-Cause Failure Rates Increase With Time Following Meniscal Repair Despite Favorable Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this review is to perform a meta-analysis of studies reporting meniscus repair outcomes. Pooled analyses of such studies will provide an accurate estimate of the outcomes that can be expected following meniscal repair at various postoperative time points. METHODS: A meta-analysis of meniscal repair failure (defined as persistent symptoms, lack of healing on magnetic resonance imaging or revision surgery) and other clinical outcomes was performed following meniscal repair. Patients included had traumatic, nondegenerative meniscal tears, were skeletally mature, and had specific time-points after surgery. Repairs included were performed either in isolation, or with concomitant ACL reconstruction. Because of the inherent heterogeneity of single-arm meta-analyses, pooled analyses were performed using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Rates of all-cause meniscal repair failure was pooled to be 12% at 0-1 years (95% CI: .09-.16), 15% at 2-3 years (95% CI: .11-.20), and 19% at 4-6 years (95% CI: .13-.24). Sensitivity analysis for studies performing meniscal repair entirely on patients with concomitant ACL reconstruction (ACLR) showed comparable rates of failure at similar time intervals. Development of osteoarthritis, in patients with knees previously free from articular pathologies, was 4% at 2-3 years (95% CI: .02-.07), and 10% at 4-6 years (95% CI: .03-.25). CONCLUSION: Meniscus repair for traumatic injuries have an all-cause failure rate that increases from 12% to 19% through a time period ranging from 1-6 years following surgery. The failure rates were comparable for patients with meniscal repairs performed with concomitant ACLRs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV; Systematic Review of Level II-IV Studies.

Antimalarial Activity of Plant Metabolites.

Malaria, as a major global health problem, continues to affect a large number of people each year, especially those in developing countries. Effective drug discovery is still one of the main efforts to control malaria. As natural products are still considered as a key source for discovery and development of therapeutic agents, we have evaluated more than 2000 plant extracts against Plasmodium falciparum. As a result, we discovered dozens of plant leads that displayed antimalarial activity. Our phytochemical study of some of these plant extracts led to the identification of several potent antimalarial compounds. The prior comprehensive review article entitled “Antimalarial activity of plant metabolites” by Schwikkard and Van Heerden (2002) reported structures of plant-derived compounds with antiplasmodial activity and covered literature up to the year 2000. As a continuation of this effort, the present review covers the antimalarial compounds isolated from plants, including marine plants, reported in the literature from 2001 to the end of 2017. During the span of the last 17 years, 175 antiplasmodial compounds were discovered from plants. These active compounds are organized in our review article according to their plant families. In addition, we also include ethnobotanical information of the antimalarial plants discussed.

Artemisinin and its derivatives in treating protozoan infections beyond malaria.

Parasitic protozoan diseases continue to rank among the world's greatest global health problems, which are also common among poor populations. Currently available drugs for treatment present drawbacks, urging the need for more effective, safer, and cheaper drugs. Artemisinin (ART) and its derivatives are some of the most important classes of antimalarial agents originally derived from Artemisia annua L. However, besides the outstanding antimalarial and antischistosomal activities, ART and its derivatives also possess activities against other parasitic protozoa. In this paper we review the activities of ART and its derivatives against protozoan parasites in vitro and in vivo, including Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Eimeria tenella, Acanthamoeba castellanii, Naegleria fowleri, Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, and Babesia spp. We conclude that ART and its derivatives may be good alternatives for treating other non-malarial protozoan infections in developing countries, although more studies are necessary before they can be applied clinically.

Development of a clinical chemiluminescent immunoassay for serum GPC3 and simultaneous measurements alone with AFP and CK19 in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Glypican-3 (GPC3) is an oncofetal antigen that shows great promise as a biomarker for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but there is no reliable kit that can be used to detect it in clinics. The aim of this study is to develop a stable performance kit for GPC3 detection in clinics. DESIGN AND METHODS: The paired antibodies were identified through cycle-screening methods based on our previous research. Then, a double antibodies sandwich chemiluminescent immunoassay for detecting serum GPC3 was developed. The performance of the developed GPC3 diagnostic kit was evaluated by detecting the concentration of serum GPC3 and assessing its single or combined use with alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CK19) for HCC diagnosis. RESULTS: The assay demonstrated a linear range of 10-800 ng/ml, the cross-reactivity rate at 0.018% (AFP), 0.020% (carcino-embryonic antigen), and 0.021% (CK19), respectively. The minimum detectable concentration was 0.05 ng/ml; the intraassay coefficient of variation (CV) and interassay CV were both less than 10%, with good stability and reproducibility. GPC3 has a high sensitivity (54.2%) and specificity (99.4%) in diagnosing HCC. The level of GPC3 in HCC was robust higher than that in healthy or other liver diseases' sera (108.67 ± 230.04 ng/ml vs. 3.99 ± 7.68 ng/ml). The diagnostic sensitivity of GPC3 single or combined with CK19 and AFP for HCC was evaluated, and the rates were 54.2 and 90.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: An applicable chemiluminescent immunoassay with stable performance against GPC3 in diagnosing HCC has been established and the combination of GPC3 with CK19 and AFP could improve the diagnostic sensitivity for HCC.

Highly effective degradation of sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate and synthetic greywater by Fenton-like reaction over zerovalent iron-based catalyst.

There is an increasing interest to recycle greywater for meeting non-portable water demand. However, linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (a form of anionic surfactants) that are commonly found in greywater are less biodegradable at moderate to high concentrations. A fenton-like system is a relatively economic advanced oxidation process that can potentially be used for surfactant degradation in greywater treatment. This study investigated the feasibility of zerovalent iron (ZVI)-mediated Fenton's oxidation of sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (SDBS) using Fe0/H2O2 and Fe2+/Fe0/H2O2 systems under a range of operating conditions. For the Fe0/H2O2 binary system, the initial pH value and Fe0 dosage played important roles in final degradation efficiency. For the Fe2+/Fe0/H2O2 ternary systems, a small amount of Fe2+ (0.5-1.7 mM) contributed a synergistic effect to promote iron recycling and SDBS degradation. Approximately, 90% of SDBS mineralization efficiency was accomplished within 15 min at a pH range from 3.0 to 6.5, using 18 mM Fe0 and 15 mM H2O2. However, the removal kinetics was rate-limited by Fe2+ dissolution from the ZVI surfaces. The Fenton-like process of the Fe2+/Fe0/H2O2 ternary system also presents a promising treatment method for synthetic greywater, in which 90% TOC removal was achieved within the first 10 min; 78% COD and 91% BOD5 were achieved after 120 min of reaction.

ABCC4 copy number variation is associated with susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the eighth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. However, previous genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism association analyses have not explained the high heritability associated with ESCC. In this study, we performed genome-wide copy number variation (CNV) analysis on 128 discordant sibling pairs to identify novel genes that contribute to ESCC susceptibility. A total of 57 774 individual CNVs were identified, and an interactive network of common CNV-associated genes was constructed, which showed that several ABC transporter genes contain CNVs in ESCC patients. Independent validation of a CNV at 13q32.1 in 1048 northern Chinese Han subjects demonstrated that the amplification of ABCC4 significantly correlated with ESCC risk [odds ratio: 3.36 (1.65-7.93), P = 0.0013]. Immunohistochemistry staining suggested that high copy numbers correlated with increased protein levels. High expression of ABCC4 was an independent poor prognostic factor for ESCC [relative risk: 1.73 (1.10-2.73), P = 0.0181]. The CNV region showed strong enhancer activity. Furthermore, inhibition of ABCC4 protein in ESCC cells decreased cell proliferation and motility via the inhibition of COX-2, PGE2 receptors and c-Myc expression; AKT, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation; and ß-catenin nuclear translocation in ESCC cells. In conclusion, the CNV at 13q32.1 is associated with ESCC susceptibility, and a gene within this locus, ABCC4, activates the oncogenic pathways in ESCC and thus facilitates cancer cell development and progression. A direct genetic contribution of ESCC risk through CNV common variants was determined in this study, and ABCC4 might therefore have predictive and therapeutic potential for ESCC.

Mitochondrial genomes of domestic animals need scrutiny.

More than 1000 complete or near-complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences have been deposited in GenBank for eight common domestic animals (cattle, dog, goat, horse, pig, sheep, yak and chicken) and their close wild ancestors or relatives, as well. Nevertheless, few efforts have been performed to evaluate the sequence data quality. Herein, we conducted a phylogenetic survey of these complete or near-complete mtDNA sequences based on mtDNA haplogroup trees for the eight animals. We show that errors due to artificial recombination, surplus of mutations and phantom mutations do exist in 14.5% (194/1342) of mtDNA sequences and all of them should be treated with wide caution. We propose some caveats for future mtDNA studies of domestic animals.

Donor Diabetes and Steatosis Affects Recipient Survival Following Liver Transplantation Based on Etiology of Liver Cirrhosis.

BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation (LT) offers patients with decompensated cirrhosis the best chance at long-term survival. With the rising prevalence of diabetes, further clarity is needed on the impact of receiving a liver allograft from a donor with diabetes on post-LT outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the impact of donor diabetes on clinical outcomes after LT. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing registry data of LT recipients from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2021. Outcomes analysis was performed using Cox proportional model for all-cause mortality and graft failure. Confounding was reduced by coarsened exact matching causal inference analysis. RESULTS: Of 66 960 donors identified, 7178 (10.7%) had diabetes. Trend analysis revealed a longitudinal increase in the prevalence of donor diabetes ( P < 0.001). Importantly, donor diabetes was associated with increased all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.19; P < 0.001) and graft failure (HR: 1.16; 95% CI, 1.11-1.22; P < 0.001). Receiving donor organ with diabetes reduced graft survival in patients who received LT for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis (HR: 1.26; 95% CI, 1.13-1.41; P < 0.001) but not other etiologies of cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS: Donor diabetes was associated with worse outcomes post-LT, particularly in patients receiving LT for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis. Future studies are needed to better understand the mechanism underlying this association to develop better risk stratification and clinical practice to improve the outcomes of the transplanted patients.

Associations of Dietary Patterns with Colorectal Adenomas in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Cohort.

BACKGROUND: Most colorectal cancers arise from adenomas, and although insulinemic and inflammatory dietary patterns have been associated with colorectal cancer risk, these dietary patterns have not been studied in relation to adenoma risk. METHODS: Using data from 21,192 participants in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer screening cohort, we calculated the Empirical Dietary Index for Hyperinsulinemia (EDIH), Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (EDIP), and overall dietary quality measured via the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015), from food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression, we investigated associations of these dietary indices with adenoma (any adenoma, advanced adenoma, n = 19,493) and recurrent adenoma (n = 1,699). RESULTS: EDIH was not associated with adenoma or advanced adenoma but was marginally associated with recurrent adenoma. The OR (95% CI) comparing highest (lowest insulinemic) versus lowest (most hyperinsulinemic) quintiles was 0.76 (0.55-1.05) after multivariable adjustment including BMI. EDIP and HEI-2015 were not associated with any of the three outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: In the PLCO cohort, we did not observe substantial associations between dietary patterns and risk of colorectal adenomas. IMPACT: Pending confirmation in larger prospective studies, our findings suggest that these dietary patterns may not substantially affect colorectal cancer risk via the adenoma-carcinoma sequence.

Application of B-ultrasound for localization and its impact on first-attempt success rates of nasogastric tube insertion in critically ill patients.

The objective of this study is to explore the application effect of B-ultrasound positioning in assisting nasointestinal tube implantation in critically ill patients. This study is a retrospective study. In this study, 90 cases of severe patients with nasointestinal tube implantation were included. According to the different ways of nasointestinal tube insertion received by patients, 61 patients with conventional blind insertion methods were included in the blind insertion group, and 29 patients with conventional methods and B-ultrasound assisted positioning were included in the B-ultrasound positioning group. The general clinical data, success rate of catheterization, catheterization time, pyloric passage rate, and target nutritional value time of the 2 groups were compared. The changes of the 2 groups after catheterization were compared by SOFA and APACHE II. The contents of albumin and lymphocyte count were compared between the 2 groups before and after catheterization. The time of target nutritional value of the patients of the B-ultrasound positioning group was markedly decreased comparing with the patients of the blind insertion group. The index of catheterization time of the patients between the blind insertion group and B-ultrasound positioning group had no obvious contrast. The APACHE II score and SOFA score of the patients of the B-ultrasound positioning group were obviously lower than the blind insertion group. The contents of lymphocyte count of the patients of the B-ultrasound positioning group were markedly increased comparing with the patients of the blind insertion group after catheterization, but the contents of albumin content had no obvious change. The scores of respiratory system, circulatory system, nervous system, and urinary system in the B-ultrasound positioning group were significantly higher than those in the blind insertion group, while the COPT scores were significantly lower than those in the blind insertion group. B-ultrasound assisted nasointestinal tube implantation is well tolerated in critically ill patients, and can effectively ameliorate the nutritional status and of the ill patients.

Compression Degree of Trigeminal Nerve and Type of Conflicting Vessels Determine Short- and Long-Term Complete Pain Relief in Adult Patients with Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia After Microvascular Decompression: A Three-Year Retrospective Study of 200 Adult Patients with Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to explore the demographic and clinical factors that could determine short- and long-term complete pain relief (CPR) in adult patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia (PTN) after microvascular decompression (MVD) to guide clinical practice. Methods: This single-center retrospective study included adult patients with PTN who underwent MVD as their initial neurosurgical procedure in the Department of Neurosurgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2017 to December 2019 and completed a 3-year post-surgery follow-up. Demographic and clinical information was obtained from medical records. Pain relief of adult patients with PTN at various time points after sufficient decompression of trigeminal nerve (TN) during MVD was determined and classified by the patient's subjective response and medications use. Pain relief of local patients was evaluated by outpatient follow-up at various time points, whereas that of local cases who could not return to outpatient or non-local cases was assessed through telephone or WeChat. Results: In univariate analysis, compression degree of TN and type of conflicting vessels constantly showed significant differences between the two groups at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years after MVD. Compression degree of TN and type of conflicting vessels at various time points after MVD were always the related factors to CPR in logistic regression analysis, with the former having the greatest impact. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of CPR at various time points after MVD were 0.937, 0.874, 0.879, 0.864, and 0.869, respectively. Conclusion: In summary, compression degree of TN and type of conflicting vessels can determine short- and long-term CPR in adult patients with PTN after MVD.

Hyperinsulinemic and Pro-Inflammatory Dietary Patterns and Metabolomic Profiles Are Associated with Increased Risk of Total and Site-Specific Cancers among Postmenopausal Women.

We evaluated associations of the Empirical Dietary Index for Hyperinsulinemia (EDIH), Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (EDIP) and Healthy Eating Index (HEI2015) and their metabolomics profiles with the risk of total and site-specific cancers. We used baseline food frequency questionnaires to calculate dietary scores among 112,468 postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals for cancer risk estimation. Metabolomic profile scores were derived using elastic-net regression with leave-one-out cross validation. In over 17.8 years, 18,768 incident invasive cancers were adjudicated. Higher EDIH and EDIP scores were associated with greater total cancer risk, and higher HEI-2015 with lower risk: HRQ5vsQ1(95% CI): EDIH, 1.10 (1.04-1.15); EDIP, 1.08 (1.02-1.15); HEI-2015, 0.93 (0.89-0.98). The multivariable-adjusted incidence rate difference(Q5vsQ1) for total cancer was: +52 (EDIH), +41 (EDIP) and -49 (HEI-2015) per 100,000 person years. All three indices were associated with colorectal cancer, and EDIH and EDIP with endometrial and breast cancer risk. EDIH was further associated with luminal-B, ER-negative and triple negative breast cancer subtypes. Dietary patterns contributing to hyperinsulinemia and inflammation were associated with greater cancer risk, and higher overall dietary quality, with lower risk. The findings warrant the testing of these dietary patterns in clinical trials for cancer prevention among postmenopausal women.