Impact of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Identified by Citrullinated Histone H3 Immunohistochemistry for Postoperative Prognosis in Patients with Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinomas.

BACKGROUND: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular chromatin structures composed of cytoplasmic, granular, and nuclear components of neutrophils. Recently, NETs have received much attention for their role in tumor biology; however, their impact on the postoperative prognosis of patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (EHCCs) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify the impact of NETs identified by immunohistochemical citrullinated histone H3 (Cit-H3) staining on postoperative overall survival (OS) in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC) and distal cholangiocarcinoma (DCC). METHODS: This study included 318 patients with EHCC (PHCC, n = 192; DCC, n = 126) who underwent surgical resection with curative intent. Neutrophils and NETs were identified by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against CD15 and Cit-H3, respectively. Based on the distribution of CD15 and Cit-H3 expression in the tumor bed, the patients were classified into four groups: one negative group and three subgroups of the positive group (diffuse, intermediate, and focal subgroups). RESULTS: No significant difference was found in the postoperative OS rate depending on the distribution of CD15 expression in patients with PHCC or DCC. However, the three subgroups with positive Cit-H3 expression had significantly poorer OS than the negative group for both PHCC and DCC. Moreover, positive Cit-H3 was an independent OS factor in the multivariable analyses of PHCC (hazard ratio [HR] 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-2.59, P = 0.0115) and DCC (HR 2.03; 95% CI 1.21-3.42, P = 0.0057). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of NETs in the tumor microenvironment may have adverse prognostic effects in patients with EHCCs.

Incidence of atrial fibrillation after esophageal cancer surgery with L-carnitine use: a preliminary single-group interventional study.

PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate the POAF rate and blood FABP4 levels after perioperative L-carnitine administration in patients with esophageal cancer. METHODS: L-carnitine (3 g in three divided doses) was administered to 15 patients 2 days before and 3 days after surgery. POAF during the study period and blood FABP4 levels (ELISA) before and after L-carnitine administration were evaluated. Accurate 95% confidence intervals (CI) for POAF incidence and changes in blood FABP4 levels were calculated. The preoperative predicted POAF rate was calculated using an application for esophageal cancer. The correlation between FABP4 levels and the predicted POAF rate was analyzed using Pearson's coefficient (r). RESULTS: Thirteen patients completed this study. The predicted POAF rate was 24% (17%, 34%) (median; interquartile range). The actual incidence of POAF was 7.7% (95% CI: 0.2-36%). Blood FABP4 levels changed from 10.3 to 7.0 ng/mL; the average change was - 3.3 (95% CI: - 6.6 to - 0.1). A positive correlation was found between preoperative FABP4 levels and the predicted POAF rates (r = 0.564). CONCLUSIONS: The POAF rate after esophageal surgery was 7.7% for L-carnitine. L-carnitine may reduce blood FABP4 levels. This preliminary study will contribute to the planning of sample sizes in future randomized trials.

Assessment of reports on cadaver surgical training (CST) implementation in Japan: current status and challenges.

The contents and conflicts of interest of Cadaver Surgical Training (CST) programs in Japan were reported to the Japan Surgical Society CST Promotion Committee based on professional autonomy. After receiving the reports from participating universities, the committee evaluated the validity of these reports and provided advice on the proper implementation of CST. Over the past decade, 38 universities have been using cadavers for clinical education and research, such as CST. If inappropriate entries or unclear areas were identified, the universities could be asked to resubmit their report. This review clarifies the evaluation points of the CST reporting system, shows the status and problems of its reporting, and provides suggestions for the dissemination of CST in the future.

Cadaver surgical training and research using donated cadavers in the field of surgery in Japan: an overview of reports from 2012 to 2021.

PURPOSE: Subsequent to the publication of "Guidelines for cadaver dissection in education and research of clinical medicine" in 2012, cadaver surgical training (CST) was implemented in various surgical fields across Japan. This article summarizes the recent progress made in the implementation of CST using donated cadavers, and its associated research, focusing on the field of surgery, and discusses its future direction. METHODS: All reports from 2012 to 2021 registered with the CST Promotion Committee of the Japan Surgical Society were analyzed. There were 292 (24.9%) programs in the field of surgery, including acute care surgery, out of a total of 1173 programs overall. Data were classified by the purpose of implementations and fields of surgery, with subclassification by organ, costs and participation fees. RESULTS: CST and its research were introduced in 27 (33.3%) of a total 81 universities. The total number of participants was 5564 and the major (80%) purpose of the program was to advance surgical techniques. When classified by objectives, 65, 59 and 11% were for mastering operations for malignant disease, minimally invasive surgery, and transplantation surgery, respectively. CONCLUSION: CST in the field of surgery is increasing progressively in Japan, but still with disproportionate dissemination. Further efforts are needed to achieve full adoption.

Prognostic significance of NY-ESO-1 antigen and PIGR expression in esophageal tumors of CHP-NY-ESO-1-vaccinated patients as adjuvant therapy.

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and the biomarkers of the CHP-NY-ESO-1 vaccine complexed with full-length NY-ESO-1 protein and a cholesteryl pullulan (CHP) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after surgery. We conducted a randomized phase II trial. Fifty-four patients with NY-ESO-1-expressing ESCC who underwent radical surgery following cisplatin/5-fluorouracil-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy were assigned to receive either CHP-NY-ESO-1 vaccination or observation as control. Six doses of CHP-NY-ESO-1 were administered subcutaneously once every two weeks, followed by nine more doses once every four weeks. The endpoints were disease-free survival (DFS) and safety. Exploratory analysis of tumor tissues using gene-expression profiles was also performed to seek the biomarker. As there were no serious adverse events in 27 vaccinated patients, we verified the safety of the vaccine. DFS in 2 years were 56.0% and 58.3% in the vaccine arm and in the control, respectively. Twenty-four of 25 patients showed NY-ESO-1-specific IgG responses after vaccination. Analysis of intra-cohort correlations among vaccinated patients revealed that 5% or greater expression of NY-ESO-1 was a favorable factor. Comprehensive analysis of gene expression profiles revealed that the expression of the gene encoding polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) in tumors had a significantly favorable impact on outcomes in the vaccinated cohort. The high PIGR-expressing tumors that had higher NY-ESO-1-specific IgA response tended to have favorable prognosis. These results suggest that PIGR would play a major role in tumor immunity in an antigen-specific manner during NY-ESO-1 vaccinations. The IgA response may be relevant.

Predictors of Long-Term Survival in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma after Pancreatectomy: TP53 and SMAD4 Mutation Scoring in Combination with CA19-9.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a fatal cancer for which even unfavorable clinicopathological factors occasionally fail to preclude long-term survival. We sought to establish a scoring system that utilizes measurable pre-intervention factors for predicting survival following surgical resection. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 34 patients who died from short-term recurrences and 32 long-term survivors among 310 consecutively resected patients with PDA. A logistic regression model was used to define factors related to clinical parameters, molecular profiles of 18 pancreatic cancer-associated genes, and aberrant expression of major tumor suppressors. RESULTS: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) had the best ability to classify patients with short-term recurrence and long-term survivors [odds ratio 21.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.612-96.019], followed by SMAD4 and TP53 mutation scoring (odds ratio 41.322, 95% CI 3.156-541.035). Missense TP53 mutations were strongly associated with the nuclear expression of p53, whereas truncating mutations were associated with the absence of nuclear p53. The former subset was associated with a worse prognosis. The combination of aberrant SMAD4 and mutation types of TP53 exhibited a better resolution for distinguishing patients with short-term recurrences from long-term survivors (compared with the assessment of the number of mutated KRAS, CDKN2A, TP53, and SMAD4 genes). Calibration of mutation scores combined with CA19-9 in a logistic regression model setting demonstrated a practical effect in classifying long survivors and patients with early recurrence (c-statistic = 0.876). CONCLUSIONS: Genetic information, i.e., TP53 mutation types and SMAD4 abnormalities, combined with CA19-9, will be a valuable tool for improving surgical strategies for pancreatic cancer.

Outcomes of laparoscopic total gastrectomy in elderly patients: a propensity score matching analysis.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the short-term outcomes and prognosis after laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) in elderly patients aged ≥ 80 years in a multicenter retrospective cohort study using propensity score matching. METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 440 patients who underwent curative LTG for gastric cancer at six institutions between January 2004 and December 2018. Patients were categorized into an elderly patient group (EG; age ≥ 80 years) and non-elderly patient group (non-EG; age < 80 years). Patients were matched using the following propensity score covariates: sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, extent of lymph node dissection, and Japanese Classification of Gastric Carcinoma stage. Short-term outcomes and prognoses were compared. RESULTS: We identified 37 propensity score-matched pairs. The median operative time was significantly shorter, and postoperative stay was longer in the EG. In terms of postoperative outcomes, the rates of all complications were comparable. The median follow-up period of the EG and non-EG was 11.5 (1-106.4) months and 35.7 (1-110.0) months, respectively; there were significant differences in 5-year overall survival between the two groups (EG, 58.5% vs. non-EG, 91.5%; P = 0.031). However, there were no significant differences in 5-year disease-specific survival (EG, 62.1% vs. non-EG, 91.5%; P = 0.068) or 5-year disease-free survival (EG, 52.9% vs. non-EG, 60.8%; P = 0.132). CONCLUSIONS: LTG seems to be safe and feasible in elderly patients. LTG had a limited effect on morbidity, disease recurrence, and survival in elderly patients. Therefore, age should not prevent elderly patients from benefitting from LTG.

Cadaver surgical training in Japan: its past, present, and ideal future perspectives.

The framework for cadaver surgical training (CST) in Japan was established in 2012, based on the "Guidelines for Cadaver Dissection in Education and Research of Clinical Medicine" of the Japan Surgical Society (JSS) and the Japanese Association of Anatomists. Subsequently, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare allocated funding from its budget for CST. By 2019, CST was being practiced in 33 medical schools and universities. Currently, the CST Promotion Committee of the JSS reviews each CST report submitted by medical schools and universities and provides guidance based on professional autonomy. This paper outlines the history of CST in Japan and presents a plan for its future. To sustain and oversee CST implementation, an operating organization, funded by stakeholders, such as government agencies, academic societies, and private companies, is needed.

Clinical and oncological benefits of left hepatectomy for Bismuth type I/II perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.

PURPOSE: This retrospective study aimed to clarify whether the postoperative prognosis differs between right and left hepatectomy for Bismuth type I/II perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS: Preoperative images of 195 patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma were reexamined. Patients with Bismuth type I/II perihilar cholangiocarcinoma without a difference in extraductal tumor invasion between the right and left sides of the hepatic portal region were classified into those undergoing left (L group) or right (R group) hepatectomy. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients (11.8%) were classified into the L group and 33 (16.9%) into the R group. All eight patients with pTis/1 belonged to the L group. The L group had significantly less liver failure than the R group (p = 0.001). One patient (4.3%) in the L group and four patients (12.1%) in the R group died from postoperative complications. Among 48 patients with pT2, the L group tended to have better overall survival (median, 12.2 vs. 5.6 years; p = 0.072), but not recurrence-free survival (median, 9.1 vs. 3.6 years; p = 0.477), in comparison to the R group. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative survival after left hepatectomy for Bismuth type I/II perihilar cholangiocarcinoma is expected to be as long as that after right hepatectomy.

Guidelines for cadaver dissection in education and research of clinical medicine (The Japan Surgical Society and The Japanese Association of Anatomists).

This article translates the guidelines for cadaver surgical training (CST) published in 2012 by Japan Surgical Society (JSS) and Japanese Association of Anatomists from Japanese to English. These guidelines are based on Japanese laws and enable the usage of donated cadavers for CST and clinical research. The following are the conditions to implement the activities outlined in the guidelines. The aim is to improve medicine and to contribute to social welfare. Activities should only be carried out at medical or dental universities under the centralized control by the department of anatomy under the regulation of Japanese law. Upon the usage of cadavers, registered donors must provide a written informed-consent for their body to be used for CST and other activities of clinical medicine. Commercial use of cadavers and profit-based CST is strongly prohibited. Moreover, all the cadaver-related activities except for the commercial-based ones require the approval of the University's Institutional Review Board (IRB) before implementation. The expert committee organized at each university for the implementation of CST should summarize the implementation of the program and report the details of the training program, operating costs, and conflicts of interest to the CST Promotion Committee of JSS.

Targeted amplicon sequencing for primary tumors and matched lymph node metastases in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is one of the most adverse prognostic factors in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC) cases. As next-generation sequencing technology has become more widely available, the genomic profile of biliary tract carcinoma has been clarified. However, whether LNMs have additional genomic alterations in patients with EHCC has not been investigated. Here, we aimed to compare the genomic alterations between primary tumors and matched LNMs in patients with EHCC. METHODS: Sixteen patients with node-positive EHCCs were included. Genomic DNA was extracted from tissue samples of primary tumors and matched LNMs. Targeted amplicon sequencing of 160 cancer-related genes was performed. RESULTS: Among the 32 tumor samples from 16 patients, 91 genomic mutations were identified. Genomic mutations were noted in 31 genes, including TP53, MAP3K1, SMAD4, APC, and ARID1A. TP53 mutations were most frequently observed (12/32; 37.5%). Genomic mutation profiles were highly concordant between primary tumors and matched LNMs (13/16; 81.3%), and an additional genomic mutation of CDK12 was observed in only one patient. CONCLUSION: Genomic mutations were highly concordant between primary tumors and matched LNMs, suggesting that genotyping of archived primary tumor samples may help predict genomic mutations of metastatic tumors in patients with EHCC.

Robotic real-time vessel navigation using indocyanine green fluorescence for lymph node dissection along the left gastroepiploic vessels during robotic distal gastrectomy - First experience.

Splenic infarction (SI) following gastrectomy is common; severe complications related to SI, such as splenic haemorrhage, abscess formation or rupture, can be fatal. To overcome these problems, we performed real-time vessel navigation using indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence during robotic distal gastrectomy (RDG). The aim of study is to report the efficacy of robotic real-time vessel navigation for lymph node dissection (LND) along left gastroepiploic vessels (LGEVs). We treated seven patients with gastric cancer who underwent LND along the LGEVs using robotic real-time vessel navigation during RDG at our institution from January 2021 to July 2021. There were no complications (Clavien-Dindo classification II). There were no cases of post-operative SI or spleen-related complications. Robotic real-time vessel navigation using ICG for LND along LGEVs during RDG could help to reduce post-operative spleen-related complications associated with RDG.

A novel laparoscopic near-infrared fluorescence spectrum system with indocyanine green fluorescence overcomes limitations of near-infrared fluorescence image-guided surgery.

BACKGROUND: Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence image-guided surgery (FIGS) introduces a revolutionary new approach to address this basic challenge in minimally invasive surgery. However, current FIGS systems have some limitations - the infrared rays cannot detect and visualise thick tissues with low concentrations of the fluorescent agent. We established a novel laparoscopic fluorescence spectrum (LFS) system using indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence to overcome these limitations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was conjugated to ICG, and the mixtures were serially diluted at 5 × 10-8-5 × 10-1 mg/mL. We used the LFS system and a NIR camera system (NLS; SHINKO OPTICAL CO., LTD Tokyo, Japan) to determine the optical dilution for the fluorescence detection. BSA was conjugated to ICG (5.0 × 10-2 mg/mL) and used to coat the clips. We attempted to identify the fluorescence-coated clip from the serosal side of the cadaveric porcine stomach tissues using the LFS system and the NIR camera system. We measured the depth of the cadaveric porcine stomach wall at the thickest part that could be confirmed. RESULTS: We could not visualise fluorescence concentrations <2.5 × 10-3 mg/mL using the NIR camera system. The spectrum was detected at a concentration <2.5 × 10-3 mg/mL. We were able to identify the spectrum of ICG (829 nm) to a 13-mm depth of cadaveric porcine stomach wall by using the LFS system but could not identify the same with the NIR camera system regardless of wall thickness. CONCLUSIONS: The novel LFS system with NIR fluorescence imaging in this ex vivo and cadaveric porcine model was confirmed useful at deeper depths and lower concentrations. Based on these findings, we anticipate that the LFS system can be integrated and routinely used in minimally invasive surgery.

The Combined Usage of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition Criteria and Controlling Nutrition Status Score in Acute Care Hospitals.

INTRODUCTION: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) lacks reliable blood tests for evaluating the nutrition status. We retrospectively compared the GLIM criteria, Controlling Nutrition Status (CONUT) score, and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) to establish effective malnutrition screening and provide appropriate nutritional interventions according to severity. METHODS: We classified 177 patients into 3 malnutrition categories (normal/mild, moderate, and severe) according to the GLIM criteria, CONUT score, and SGA. We investigated the malnutrition prevalence, concordance of malnutrition severity, predictability of clinical outcome, concordance by etiology, and clinical outcome by inflammation. RESULTS: The highest prevalence of malnutrition was found using the GLIM criteria (87.6%). Concordance of malnutrition severity was low between the GLIM criteria and CONUT score. Concordance by etiology was low in all groups but was the highest in the "acute disease" group. The area under the curve of clinical outcome and that of the "with inflammation group" were significantly higher when using the CONUT score versus using the other tools (0.679 and 0.683, respectively). CONCLUSION: The GLIM criteria have high sensitivity, while the CONUT score can effectively predict the clinical outcome of malnutrition. Their combined use can efficiently screen for malnutrition and patient severity in acute care hospitals.

The assessment of risk factors for postoperative delirium using cubic spline curves in gastroenterological surgery.

PURPOSE: Delirium is associated with longer hospital stays and increased medical costs and mortality. This study explored the risk factors for postoperative delirium in gastroenterological surgery and investigated the association between qualitative changes in risk factors and the incidence of postoperative delirium. METHODS: A total of 418 patients > 18 years old who underwent gastroenterological surgery at our department between April 2018 and September 2019 were included. Risk factors were identified by comparing patients with and without postoperative delirium. Continuous variables were evaluated graphically using cubic spline curves. A logistic regression analysis was performed to assess independent risk factors. RESULTS: The incidence of postoperative delirium was 6.9%. The cubic spline curve showed that the incidence of postoperative delirium began to increase at 50 years old and increased sharply at 70 years old. A multiple logistic regression analysis of patients > 50 years old identified 5 risk factors: age ≥ 70 years, preoperative serum albumin ≤ 3.8 g/dL, psychosis, sedative-hypnotics, and intensive-care unit admission. CONCLUSION: The risk of postoperative delirium increases progressively at 50 years old and sharply at 70 years old. Advanced age, preoperative hypoalbuminemia, psychosis, sedative-hypnotics, and intensive-care unit admission are risk factors for postoperative delirium in patients > 50 years old undergoing gastroenterological surgery.

Laparoscopic real-time vessel navigation using indocyanine green fluorescence during laparoscopy-assisted gastric tube reconstruction: First experience.

A considerable percentage of morbidity and mortality after oesophagectomy is due to leakage of oesophagogastrostomy, which is mainly caused by ischaemia of the gastric tube. Therefore, we performed laparoscopic real-time vessel navigation (LRTVN) using indocyanine green fluorescence (ICG) during laparoscopy-assisted gastric tube reconstruction (LAGR) to evaluate gastric tube blood flow and avoid vascular injury. This study included five oesophageal cancer patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic oesophagectomy and LAGR. We confirmed the presence of the left gastroepiploic artery (LGEA) in all cases, and no findings such as post-operative gastric tube ischaemia were observed. In all cases, no vascular injury was observed, and the vascularization of LGEA was confirmed. This report is the first to consider the usefulness of LRTVN using ICG during LAGR. LRTVN using ICG during LAGR was considered to be useful for evaluating gastric tube blood flow and avoiding vascular injury around the splenic hiatus.

Laparoscopic real-time vessel navigation using indocyanine green fluorescence during the laparoscopic-Warshaw technique: First clinical experience.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic-Warshaw technique (lap-WT) may be selected as a function-preserving operation for malignant border lesions in the tail region of the pancreas. However, previous reports showed that there are complications such as infection and abscess formation due to lack of blood flow to the spleen after surgery. To overcome the problems, we have performed real-time vessel navigation by using indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence during lap-WT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report our experience of three patients with pancreatic tumour who underwent real-time vessel navigation during lap-WT at Hokkaido University from May 2017 to September 2018. RESULTS: The median operating time was 339 min (174-420). The median intraoperative bleeding was 150 ml (0-480). There were no incidences of complications. There were no cases with post-operative spleen ischaemia or abscess formation and varices formation. CONCLUSION: We believe that laparoscopic real-time vessel navigation using indocyanine green fluorescence during lap-WT could contribute in reducing the post-operative spleen-related complications.

Time to Recurrence After Surgical Resection and Survival After Recurrence Among Patients with Perihilar and Distal Cholangiocarcinomas.

BACKGROUND: The differences between perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC) and distal cholangiocarcinoma (DCC) regarding recurrence and the factors that affect recurrence after surgery are unclear. This study aims to investigate the differences in recurrence patterns between patients with PHCC and those with DCC after surgical resection with curative intent. It also investigates the risk factors associated with recurrence and survival thereafter. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The postoperative courses of 366 patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (EHCCs), including 236 with PHCC and 130 with DCC, who underwent surgical resections were investigated retrospectively. RESULTS: During follow-up, tumors recurred in 143 (60.6%) patients with PHCC and in 72 (55.4%) patients with DCC. Overall survival (OS) after surgery, recurrence-free survival (RFS), and OS after recurrence were similar for the patients with PHCC and those with DCC. The cumulative probability of recurrence declined 3 years after surgery in the patients with PHCC and those with DCC. A multivariable analysis determined that, among the patients with PHCC and those with DCC, regional lymph node metastasis was a significant risk factor associated with RFS. Ten patients with PHCC and eight patients with DCC with two or fewer sites of recurrence in a single organ underwent resections. A multivariable analysis determined that recurrent tumor resection was an independent prognostic factor associated with OS after recurrence in the patients with PHCC and those with DCC. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative survival did not differ between the patients with PHCC and those with DCC. Frequent surveillances for recurrence are needed for 3 years after surgical resection of EHCCs. In selected patients, surgery for recurrent EHCCs might be associated with improved outcomes.

Pancreatic body and tail cancer and favorable metastatic lymph node behavior on the left edge of the aorta.

BACKGROUND: Lymph node (LN) metastasis in pancreatic body-tail cancer is a poor prognostic factor and the optimal LN dissection area for distal pancreatectomy (DP) remains unclear. Lymphatic flow from the tumors is thought to depend on the tumor sites. We examined LN metastasis frequency based on tumor site and recurrent patterns post-DP. METHODS: With a retrospective, single institutional study, we examined 100 patients who underwent DP as an upfront surgery for pancreatic cancer over 17 years. Tumor sites were classified as tumor confined to pancreatic body (and neck) (Pb(n)); and pancreatic tail (Pt). We compared metastatic LN and recurrence patterns based on tumor site. The median overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed. RESULTS: LN metastasis occurred in 59/100 (59.0%), with 23 and 25 tumors located in the Pb(n), and Pt, respectively. Those with the tumor in Pt had metastases to #10, #11d/p, and #18 LN mainly. However, the patients with the Pb(n) tumor had metastases to #8a/p, #11p, and #14p/d LN. There was no metastasis to #10 and #11d LN. The OS and DFS were 34 and 15 months, respectively. No significant difference was found in the OS, DFS, and recurrence patterns based on tumor sites. CONCLUSION: Differences in metastatic LN sites were observed in pancreatic body-tail cancer when tumors were confined to the left or right of the left aortic edge. Although it is necessary to validate this finding with a large-scale study, organ-preserving DP might be a treatment option for selected patients depending on the tumor sites.

Outcomes of limited resection for patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas: A single-center experience.

BACKGROUND: /ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to clarify the oncological outcomes of patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) who underwent limited resection (LR). METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed the data of 110 patients with IPMN. Patients with IPMN without a history of pancreatitis who had neither tumor infiltration nor regional lymph node swelling on imaging findings underwent LR. We assessed the oncological outcomes of LR for patients with IPMN by comparing the surgical outcomes of LR and standard resection. RESULTS: LR was performed in 50 patients (45.5%), including duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection (n = 31), middle-pancreatectomy (n = 12), spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (n = 3), total parenchymal pancreatectomy (n = 3), and partial resection (n = 1). In the LR group, 18 patients had postoperative complications of Clavien-Dindo classification ≥ IIIa. After histopathological examination, the presence of high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and invasive carcinoma (IC) were observed in nine and three patients, respectively, in the LR group, and eight and 22 patients, respectively, in the standard resection group. There was a significant difference in the histopathological diagnosis of IC between the two groups (p < 0.001). Finally, in the LR group, postoperative recurrences occurred in three patients, and the 5-, 10-, and 15-year disease-specific survival rates were all 97.0%. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with IPMN judged to have no infiltrating lesions based on the detailed imaging examination, LR is acceptable and may be considered as an alternative to standard resection.