Surgical Ineligibility and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Severe Coronary Artery Disease.

BACKGROUND: In patients with severe coronary artery disease (CAD) requiring coronary revascularization, the prevalence of surgical ineligibility and its clinical effect on long-term outcomes remain unclear.Methods and Results:Among 15,939 patients with first coronary revascularization in the CREDO-Kyoto percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)/coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) registry cohort-2, we identified 3,982 patients with triple-vessel or left main disease (PCI: n=2,188, and CABG: n=1,794). Surgical ineligibility as documented in hospital charts was present in 142 (6.5%) of 2,188 PCI-patients, which was mainly related to comorbidities and advanced age. The cumulative 5-year incidence of the primary outcome measure (all-cause death/myocardial infarction/stroke) was much higher in PCI-patients with surgical ineligibility than in PCI-patients without surgical ineligibility and in CABG-patients (52.5%, 27.6%, and 24.0%, respectively, log-rank P<0.001). After adjusting for confounders, the excess risk of PCI-patients with surgical ineligibility relative to CABG-patients was substantial (hazard ratio [HR] 1.97, 95% CI 1.51-2.58, P<0.001), while the excess risk of PCI-patients without surgical ineligibility relative to CABG-patients was modest, but remained significant (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.19-1.59, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with severe CAD, PCI-patients with surgical ineligibility had worse long-term outcomes as compared with those without surgical ineligibility and CABG-patients.

Comparison of the Long-Term Outcomes of Mechanical and Bioprosthetic Aortic Valves　- A Propensity Score Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the long-term outcomes of aortic valve replacement (AVR) with either mechanical or bioprosthetic valves according to age at operation.Methods and Results:A total of 1,002 patients (527 mechanical valves and 475 bioprosthetic valves) undergoing first-time AVR were categorized according to age at operation: group Y, age <60 years; group M, age 60-69 years; and group O, age ≥70 years). Outcomes were compared on propensity score analysis (adjusted for 28 variables). Hazard ratio (HR) was calculated using the Cox regression model with adjustment for propensity score with bioprosthetic valve as a reference (HR=1). There were no significant differences in overall mortality between mechanical and bioprosthetic valves for all age groups. Valve-related mortality was significantly higher for mechanical valves in group O (HR, 2.53; P=0.02). Reoperation rate was significantly lower for mechanical valves in group Y (HR, 0.16; P<0.01) and group M (no events for mechanical valves). Although the rate of thromboembolic events was higher in mechanical valves in group Y (no events for tissue valves) and group M (HR, 9.05; P=0.03), there were no significant differences in bleeding events between all age groups. CONCLUSIONS: The type of prosthetic valve used in AVR does not significantly influence overall mortality.

Comparison of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Disease - 5-Year Outcome From CREDO-Kyoto PCI/CABG Registry Cohort-2 - .

BACKGROUND: Studies evaluating long-term (≥5 years) outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with unprotected left main coronary artery disease (ULMCAD) are still limited, despite concerns for late adverse events after drug-eluting stents implantation. METHODS AND RESULTS: We identified 1,004 patients with ULMCAD (PCI: n=364, CABG: n=640) among 15,939 patients with first coronary revascularization enrolled in the CREDO-Kyoto PCI/CABG registry cohort-2. The primary outcome measure in the current analysis was a composite of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke (death/MI/stroke). The cumulative 5-year incidence of and the adjusted risk for death/MI/stroke were significantly higher in the PCI group than in the CABG group (34.5% vs. 24.1%, log-rank P<0.001, adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.48 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-2.05, P=0.02]). The adjusted risks for all-cause death was not significantly different between the 2 groups. Regarding the stratified analysis by the SYNTAX score, the adjusted risk for death/MI/stroke was not significantly different between the 2 groups in patients with low (<23) or intermediate (23-33) SYNTAX score, whereas it was significantly higher in the PCI group than in the CABG group in patients with high (≤33) SYNTAX score. CONCLUSIONS: CABG as compared with PCI was associated with better long-term outcome in patients with ULMCAD, especially those with high anatomical complexity.

Long-term durability of pericardial valves in the aortic position in younger patients: when does reoperation become necessary?

BACKGROUND: We sought to assess the long-term durability of pericardial valves in patients at age <65 years undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR), and to determine the timing of redo operations due to structural valve deterioration (SVD). METHODS: From 1986 to 2001, a total of 574 adult patients underwent AVR with pericardial valves in nine hospitals in Japan. Of these, 53 patients were at age <65 years (group Y). These patients were compared with those of age ≥ 65 (group O, n = 521). RESULTS: The mean follow-up duration was 9.5 years in group Y and 8.1 years in group O. Freedom from reoperation due to SVD was 100% at five years, 90.8% at 10 years, and 47.2% at 15 years in group Y, and 99.3% at five years, 97.4% at 10 years, and 94.4% at 15 years in group O (log-rank test, p < 0.01). In those who required redo AVR in group Y (n = 12), the mean time from initial operation to reoperation was 12.1 years. The reoperation-free survival curve started to decline after eight years postoperation in group Y. CONCLUSIONS: Redo AVR started to become necessary eight years after surgery in the patients who underwent AVR with pericardial valve at age <65 years. In addition, approximately half of those patients required reoperation due to SVD by 15 years postoperatively.

Long-term outcome of the carpentier-edwards pericardial valve in the aortic position in Japanese patients.

BACKGROUND: According to the Japanese Circulation Society guidelines, a bioprosthesis is recommended for aortic valve replacement (AVR) in patients aged ≥65 years who have no risk factors for thromboembolism. There are few data, however, regarding the actual durability of bioprosthetic valves in Japanese patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term durability of Carpentier-Edwards pericardial (CEP) valves in Japanese AVR patients, and to assess the risk factors for reoperation due to structural valve deterioration (SVD). METHODS AND RESULTS: From 1986 to 2001, a total of 591 patients underwent AVR with CEP valves in 9 hospitals. Of these, 574 patients (mean age, 71.9±8.5 years) were analyzed in this study. There were 26 in-hospital deaths (4.5%). The 10-year follow-up rate was 82.6% and the median follow-up time was 9.2 years. Freedom from reoperation due to SVD was 99.5%, 96.7%, and 87.5% at 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively. Factors that raised the risk of reoperation due to SVD included younger age at operation and history of prior operation. In patients aged ≥65 years, freedom from reoperation due to SVD was 94.4% at 15 years. CONCLUSIONS: The durability of CEP valves in patients with AVR was excellent, especially in elderly patients. Thus, it seems appropriate to follow the current Japanese Circulation Society recommendations for the use of bioprosthetic valves.

[Successful endovascular treatment under cardiopulmonary resuscitation for spontaneous rupture of the thoracic aorta].

The patient was a 67-year-old man. He was admitted to a local hospital with severe back pain, and left hydrothorax was noted by a chest X-ray. Then, he went into shock and was transferred to our hospital. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed massive liquid retention of the left thorax, but no aortic dissection or aneurysms. He was diagnosed with spontaneous aortic rupture, and endovascular treatment was chosen because of his unstable hemodynamics. He fell into cardiac arrest 10 minutes after the operation started, and we implanted 2 stent-grafts while giving cardiac massage. After 23 minutes cardiac massage, he was resuscitated. He was discharged without any complication. Even if no signs of aortic aneurysms or aortic dissection were detected, the possibility of spontaneous aortic rupture should be suspected. Endovascular treatment is a reliable option in the case of unstable hemodynamics.

A case of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with repeated episodes of acute lower extremity arterial thromboembolism during a short time.

The patient was a 55-year-old female. On the diagnosis of the right acoustic tumor, a subtotal extirpation was performed. Heparinized solution was administered, and on postoperative day 7, an occlusion of the left common femoral artery was confirmed. A continuous administration of heparin was initiated after a thrombectomy. On the following day, the platelet count decreased. Following confirmation of the recurrence of thromboembolism, we again performed a thrombectomy. Considering the possibility of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), we terminated the administration of heparin, and treatment with danaparoid and argatroban was initiated. Two days later, she redeveloped thromboembolism. After the administration of danaparoid was terminated, the platelet count improved.

Right ventricular infarction caused by tricuspid ring annuloplasty.

Injury to the right coronary artery (RCA) is a rare complication of tricuspid annuloplasty. We report a patient who developed right ventricular (RV) infarction, because of tricuspid annuloplasty, and review management options.

Very Long-Term (10 to 14 Year) Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease in the Bare-Metal Stent Era.

BACKGROUND: Many of the previous randomized trials comparing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease reported equivalent or better survival with CABG as compared with PCI at 5-year follow-up. However, 5-year follow-up might be too short to evaluate the true differences in long-term clinical outcomes between PCI and CABG. METHODS AND RESULTS: Among 8934 patients enrolled in the extended 10- to 14-year follow-up study of the CREDO-Kyoto registry cohort-1 (Coronary Revascularization Demonstrating Outcome study in Kyoto) conducted in the bare-metal stent era, 5152 (PCI: n=3490 and CABG: n=1662) patients had multivessel coronary artery disease without left main disease. Median follow-up duration was 11.2 (interquartile range: 10.2-12.2) years. The cumulative 10-year incidence of all-cause death was not significantly different between PCI and CABG (32.2% versus 31.7%; log-rank P=0.93). After adjusting for confounders, however, the mortality risk of PCI was significantly higher than that of CABG (hazard ratio, 1.19 [95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.39]; P=0.03). Within 5 years after the index procedure, the risk for all-cause death was significantly higher after PCI than after CABG (hazard ratio, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.12-1.79; P=0.004). By a landmark analysis at 5 years, however, the cumulative 10-year incidence of and adjusted risk for all-cause death beyond 5 years were not significantly different between PCI and CABG (19.3% versus 20.0%; log-rank P=0.22 and hazard ratio, 1.02, 95% confidence interval, 0.83-1.26; P=0.82). CONCLUSIONS: CABG as compared with PCI was associated with better 10-year survival in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. However, the benefit of CABG compared with PCI on late mortality beyond 5 years was not observed in this study.

Surgical treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysm in patients with concomitant coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVE: Surgical treatment of thoracic aortic surgery in patients with coronary artery disease was investigated. METHODS: Between 1990 and April 2003, 330 patients underwent elective thoracic aortic surgery. Fifty-six patients who underwent aortic root reconstruction were excluded and 274 patients were examined. Fifty-four (20%) patients showed concomitant coronary artery disease. Ten had undergone coronary revascularization previously; and 3 underwent coronary revascularization [2 coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 1 percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)] before aortic surgery. Twenty-three patients underwent elective CABG simultaneously and 2 patients had additional coronary artery bypass because of cardiac ischemia during operation. The number of patients who underwent thoracic aortic surgery including Asc Ao+AVR was 2, hemi arch 1, total arch 15, distal arch 5, distal arch+LV aneurysmectomy 1, and thoracoabdominal Ao 1. Two patients underwent coronary revascularization with arterial grafts and the others with SVG grafts. RESULTS: There was one hospital death (4%). In patients without coronary bypass, 2 patients suffered cardiac ischemic events. CONCLUSION: Our thoracic aortic operations with concomitant CABG using SVG were overall successful. Our current strategies for thoracic aortic surgery in patients with concomitant coronary artery disease include conducting a dipyridamole myocardial perfusion-imaging test first in patients not at risk of coronary artery disease, and if the test is positive, coronary angiography is performed and aggressive coronary revascularization is conducted where possible.

Comparison of Five-Year Outcome of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Triple-Vessel Coronary Artery Disease (from the Coronary Revascularization Demonstrating Outcome Study in Kyoto PCI/CABG Registry Cohort-2).

Studies evaluating long-term (≥5 years) outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using drug-eluting stents compared with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with triple-vessel coronary artery disease (TVD) are still limited. We identified 2,978 patients with TVD (PCI: n = 1,824, CABG: n = 1,154) of 15,939 patients with first coronary revascularization enrolled in the Coronary Revascularization Demonstrating Outcome Study in Kyoto PCI/CABG Registry Cohort-2. The primary outcome measure in the present analysis was a composite of death, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke. Median follow-up duration for the surviving patients was 1,973 days (interquartile range 1,700 to 2,244). The cumulative 5-year incidence of death/MI/stroke was significantly higher in the PCI group than in the CABG group (28.2% vs 24.0%, log-rank p = 0.006). After adjusting for confounders, the excess risk of PCI relative to CABG for death/MI/stroke remained significant (hazard ratio [HR] 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13 to 1.68, p = 0.002). The excess risks of PCI relative to CABG for all-cause death, MI, and any coronary revascularization were also significant (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.74, p = 0.006; HR 2.81, 95% CI 1.69 to 4.66, p <0.001; and HR 4.10, 95% CI 3.32 to 5.06, p <0.001, respectively). The risk for stroke was not significantly different between the PCI and CABG groups (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.26, p = 0.48). There were no interactions for the primary outcome measure between the mode of revascularization (PCI or CABG) and the subgroup factors such as age, diabetes, and Synergy Between PCI With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery score. In conclusion, CABG compared with PCI was associated with better long-term outcome in patients with TVD.

Clinical efficacy of thrombus aspiration on 5-year clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

BACKGROUND: Adjunctive thrombus aspiration (TA) during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was reported to promote better coronary and myocardial reperfusion. However, long-term mortality benefit of TA remains controversial. The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical impact of TA on long-term clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary PCI. METHODS AND RESULTS: The CREDO-Kyoto AMI Registry is a large-scale cohort study of acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing coronary revascularization in 2005-2007 at 26 hospitals in Japan. Among 5429 patients enrolled in the registry, the current study population consisted of 3536 patients who arrived at the hospital within 12 hours after the symptom onset and underwent primary PCI. Clinical outcomes were compared between the 2 patient groups with or without TA. During primary PCI procedures, 2239 out of 3536 (63%) patients underwent TA (TA group). The cumulative 5-year incidence of all-cause death was significantly lower in the TA group than in the non-TA group (18.5% versus 23.9%, log-rank P<0.001). After adjusting for confounders, however, the risk for all-cause death in the TA group was not significantly lower than that in the non-TA group (hazard ratio: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.76 to 1.06, P=0.21). The adjusted risks for cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and target-lesion revascularization were also not significantly different between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Adjunctive TA during primary PCI was not associated with better 5-year mortality in STEMI patients.

Surgical treatment for cardiovascular lesions of patients with Marfan syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Without treatment, the life expectancy of patients with Marfan syndrome is reduced by the associated cardiovascular abnormalities. In this study, we reviewed our experience of the surgical treatment of this condition to identify the primary indication for surgical repair and the optimal surgical management. METHODS: Between January 1986 and December 2000, 44 patients underwent surgery for Marfan syndrome at Shizuoka City Hospital. There were 28 male and 16 female patients, with a mean age of 40.9 +/- 15.0 years. Nineteen of the patients had developed type A dissection of the aortic arch. Three patients underwent remodelling of the aortic root. Ten patients required multiple repeat surgical interventions. RESULTS: There were four early and five late deaths. The survival rate at 1, 5, and at 10 years was 90.9%, 80.5%, and 74.3%, respectively. Freedom from postoperative events, which included cardiac death, additional surgery, and new or repeat aortic dissection at 1, 5, and at 10 years was 93.0%, 69.1%, and 53.2%, respectively. Among patients having type A dissection, the mean annual enlargement in the diameter at the level of the proximal descending aorta was 4.0 +/- 4.0 mm. Postoperative echocardiography with Doppler studies was performed in series on patients who had received remodelling of the aortic root, with subsequent mild aortic regurgitation in 2 patients and moderate regurgitation in 1 patient. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated postoperative studies with CT scans and earlier surgical intervention before the onset of aortic dissection are mandatory for improvement in the long-term survival rate of patients with Marfan syndrome. A valve-sparing procedure for a deformed aortic valve is promising, although the long-term results are not yet clear.

Incidence and outcome of surgical procedures after coronary artery bypass grafting compared with those after percutaneous coronary intervention: a report from the Coronary Revascularization Demonstrating Outcome Study in Kyoto PCI/CABG Registry Cohort-2.

BACKGROUND: Noncardiac surgery after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been reported to be carrying high risk for both ischemic and bleeding complications. However, there has been no report comparing the incidence and outcomes of surgical procedures after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with those after PCI. METHODS AND RESULTS: Among 14 383 patients undergoing first coronary revascularization (PCI, n=12 207; CABG, n=2176) enrolled in the Coronary Revascularization Demonstrating Outcome Study in Kyoto (CREDO-Kyoto) PCI/CABG Registry Cohort-2, surgical procedures were performed more frequently after CABG (n=560) than after PCI (n=2398; cumulative 3-year incidence: 27% versus 22%; unadjusted P<0.0001), particularly <6 months of coronary revascularization. The risk for the primary ischemic outcome measure (death/myocardial infarction) at 30-day postsurgical procedures was not significantly different between the CABG and PCI groups (cumulative incidence: 3.1% versus 3.2%; unadjusted P=0.9; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.47-1.89; P=0.9). The risk for the primary bleeding outcome measure (moderate or severe bleeding by Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries classification) was lower in the CABG groups than in the PCI group (cumulative incidence: 1.3% versus 2.6%; unadjusted P=0.07; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.12-0.87; P=0.02). There were no interactions between the timing of surgery and the types of coronary revascularization (CABG/PCI) for both ischemic and bleeding outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical procedures were performed significantly more frequently after CABG than after PCI, particularly <6 months after coronary revascularization. Surgical procedures after CABG as compared with those after PCI were associated with similar risk for ischemic events and lower risk for bleeding events, regardless of the timing after coronary revascularization.

Three-year outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with triple-vessel coronary artery disease: observations from the CREDO-Kyoto PCI/CABG registry cohort-2.

AIMS: We sought to investigate medium-term outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with triple-vessel coronary artery disease (TVD). METHODS AND RESULTS: We identified 2,981 patients with TVD (PCI: N=1,825, CABG: N=1,156) among 15,939 patients with first coronary revascularisation enrolled in the CREDO-Kyoto PCI/CABG registry cohort-2. Excess adjusted three-year risk of the PCI group relative to the CABG group for death/myocardial infarction (MI)/stroke was significant (HR 1.47 [95% CI: 1.13-1.92, p=0.004]). Adjusted risk for all-cause death was also significantly higher with PCI as compared with CABG (HR 1.62 [95% CI: 1.16-2.27, p=0.005]), while risk for cardiac death was neutral between the two groups (HR 1.3 [95% CI: 0.81-2.07, p=0.28]). PCI was also associated with a markedly higher risk for any coronary revascularisation. Regarding the analysis stratified by the SYNTAX score, the adjusted HR of PCI relative to CABG for death/MI/stroke was 1.66 (95% CI: 1.04-2.65, p=0.03) in the low-score (<23: N=874, and N=257), 1.24 (95% CI: 0.83-1.85, p=0.29) in the intermediate-score (23-32: N=638, and N=388), and 1.59 (95% CI: 0.998-2.54, p=0.051) in the high-score (≥ 33: N=280, and N=375) tertiles, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: PCI as compared with CABG was associated with significantly higher risk for serious adverse events in TVD patients.

Insights of stroke in aortic arch surgery: identification of significant risk factors and surgical implication.

PURPOSE: Although the outcomes of aortic arch surgery have improved, stroke remains one of the most devastating complications. Therefore, identification of true risk factors and understanding the pathogenesis of intraoperative stroke are necessary to decrease its occurrence. METHODS: From January 2002 to December 2010, a total of 251 consecutive patients underwent aortic arch surgery under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and antegrade selective cerebral perfusion in our hospital. Hemiarch replacement cases were excluded. Of the remaining patients, 190 elective cases that could be reviewed with full perioperative clinical data were analyzed. Strokes were classified into three subtypes according to their distribution on imaging studies: multiple-embolism type, hypoperfusion type, and solitary-embolism type. RESULTS: Operative death occurred in 1.1% of patients (2/190), and aortic arch surgery-related in-hospital death occurred in 5.3%. Among the 188 survivors, intraoperative strokes occurred in 5.9%. Multiple-embolism, hypoperfusion type, and solitary-embolism stroke occurred in 2.7%, 2.1%, and 1.6%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk factor for multiple-embolism stroke was high-grade atheroma in the ascending aorta [P < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) 118.0], and that for hypoperfusion type stroke was prolonged brain ischemia time over 120 min (P = 0.004, OR 31.5). No significant risk factor was found for solitary-embolism stroke. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative strokes during elective aortic arch surgery under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and antegrade selective cerebral perfusion are strongly influenced by the presence of a high-grade atheroma in the ascending aorta and prolonged brain ischemia time. The results suggest that these are key issues to reduce stroke in aortic arch surgery.

Comparison of long-term outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with unprotected left main coronary artery disease (from the CREDO-Kyoto PCI/CABG Registry Cohort-2).

The long-term outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for unprotected left main coronary artery disease (ULMCAD) remains to be investigated. We identified 1,005 patients with ULMCAD of 15,939 patients with first coronary revascularization enrolled in the CREDO-Kyoto PCI/CABG Registry Cohort-2. Cumulative 3-year incidence of a composite of death/myocardial infarction (MI)/stroke was significantly higher in the PCI group than in the CABG group (22.7% vs 14.8%, p = 0.0006, log-rank test). However, the adjusted outcome was not different between the PCI and CABG groups (hazard ratio [HR] 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79 to 2.15, p = 0.30). Stratified analysis using the SYNTAX score demonstrated that risk for a composite of death/MI/stroke was not different between the 2 treatment groups in patients with low (<23) and intermediate (23 to 33) SYNTAX scores (adjusted HR 1.70, 95% CI 0.77 to 3.76, p = 0.19; adjusted HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.37 to 1.99, p = 0.72, respectively), whereas in patients with a high SYNTAX score (≥33), it was significantly higher after PCI than after CABG (adjusted HR 2.61, 95% CI 1.32 to 5.16, p = 0.006). In conclusion, risk of PCI for serious adverse events seemed to be comparable to that after CABG in patients with ULMCAD with a low or intermediate SYNTAX score, whereas PCI compared with CABG was associated with a higher risk for serious adverse events in patients with a high SYNTAX score.

Occlusion of left coronary artery ostium by left coronary cusp fusion.

We report two cases of adults who had occlusion of the left coronary artery ostium by the left coronary cusp. Both patients were treated with the Bentall procedure, and both revealed a good, long-term course. We offer proper strategy of perioperative management consisting of precise preoperative diagnosis with a multimodality imaging study and adequate operative technique.

A case report of valve dysfunction associated with abrasion of the Delrin disk used in early Björk-Shiley mitral valves requiring resurgery.

A 39-year-old woman had undergone mitral valve replacement (MVR) (29-mm Björk-Shiley Delrin disk) at 6 years of age. Severe mitral regurgitation, aortic regurgitation, and left ventricular dilatation were detected by echocardiography in October 2006, and MVR (ON-X 25 mm) and aortic valve replacements (St. Jude Medical Regent, 21 mm) were performed in December. The Delrin disk of the previous prosthetic valve, located at the position of the mitral valve, was markedly abraded, broadening the clearance from the valve seat. The postoperative course was smooth without complications, and the patient was discharged, walking by herself, on day 19 after surgery. A Delrin disk was used for the tilting valve in early Björk-Shiley valves, but has been replaced by pyrolytic carbon because of problems with durability of the Delrin material. Follow-ups of patients who have undergone procedures using Delrin disks ares necessary, with consideration of valve replacement.