Basal release of 6-cyanodopamine from rat isolated vas deferens and its role on the tissue contractility.

6-Cyanodopamine is a novel catecholamine released from rabbit isolated heart. However, it is not known whether this catecholamine presents any biological activity. Here, it was evaluated whether 6-cyanodopamine (6-CYD) is released from rat vas deferens and its effect on this tissue contractility. Basal release of 6-CYD, 6-nitrodopamine (6-ND), 6-bromodopamine, 6-nitrodopa, and 6-nitroadrenaline from vas deferens were quantified by LC-MS/MS. Electric-field stimulation (EFS) and concentration-response curves to noradrenaline, adrenaline, and dopamine of the rat isolated epididymal vas deferens (RIEVD) were performed in the absence and presence of 6-CYD and /or 6-ND. Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The rat isolated vas deferens released significant amounts of both 6-CYD and 6-ND. The voltage-gated sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin had no effect on the release of 6-CYD, but it virtually abolished 6-ND release. 6-CYD alone exhibited a negligible RIEVD contractile activity; however, at 10 nM, 6-CYD significantly potentiated the noradrenaline- and EFS-induced RIEVD contractions, whereas at 10 and 100 nM, it also significantly potentiated the adrenaline- and dopamine-induced contractions. The potentiation of noradrenaline- and adrenaline-induced contractions by 6-CYD was unaffected by tetrodotoxin. Co-incubation of 6-CYD (100 pM) with 6-ND (10 pM) caused a significant leftward shift and increased the maximal contractile responses to noradrenaline, even in the presence of tetrodotoxin. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of tyrosine hydroxylase in both epithelial cell cytoplasm of the mucosae and nerve fibers of RIEVD. The identification of epithelium-derived 6-CYD and its remarkable synergism with catecholamines indicate that epithelial cells may regulate vas deferens smooth muscle contractility.

The multidrug resistance protein 4 is expressed and functionally active in isolated bladder from pig.

Multidrug resistance proteins type 4 (MRP4) and 5 (MRP5) play pivotal roles in the transport of cyclic nucleotides in various tissues. However, their specific functions within the lower urinary tract remain relatively unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pharmacological inhibition of MRPs on cyclic nucleotide signaling in isolated pig bladder. The relaxation responses of the bladder were assessed in the presence of the MRP inhibitor, MK571. The temporal changes in intra- and extracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP in stimulated tissues were determined by mass spectrometry. The gene (ABCC4) and protein (MRP4) expression were also determined. MK571 administration resulted in a modest relaxation effect of approximately 26% in carbachol-precontracted bladders. The relaxation induced by phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as cilostazol, tadalafil, and sildenafil was significantly potentiated in the presence of MK571. In contrast, no significant potentiation was observed in the relaxation induced by substances elevating cAMP levels or stimulators of soluble guanylate cyclase. Following forskolin stimulation, both intracellular and extracellular cAMP concentrations increased by approximately 15.8-fold and 12-fold, respectively. Similarly, stimulation with tadalafil + BAY 41-2272 resulted in roughly 8.2-fold and 3.4-fold increases in intracellular and extracellular cGMP concentrations, respectively. The presence of MK571 reduced only the extracellular levels of cGMP. This study reveals the presence and function of MRP4 transporters within the porcine bladder and paves the way for future research exploring the role of this transporter in both underactive and overactive bladder disorders.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study investigates the impact of pharmacological inhibition of MRP4 and MRP5 transporters on cyclic nucleotide signaling in isolated pig bladders. MK571 administration led to modest relaxation, with enhanced effects observed in the presence of phosphodiesterase inhibitors. However, substances elevating cAMP levels remained unaffected. MK571 selectively reduced extracellular cGMP levels. These findings shed light on the role of MRP4 transporters in the porcine bladder, opening avenues for further research into bladder disorders.

The ephemeral microbiota: Ecological context and environmental variability drive the body surface microbiota composition of Magellanic penguins across subantarctic breeding colonies.

Environmental microbes routinely colonize wildlife body surface microbiota. However, animals experience dynamic environmental shifts throughout their daily routine. Yet, the effect of ecological shifts in wildlife body surface microbiota has been poorly explored. Here, we sequenced the hypervariable region V3-V4 of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize the body surface microbiota of wild Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) under two ecological contexts: (1) Penguins walking along the coast and (2) Penguins sheltered underground in their nest, across three subantarctic breeding colonies in the Magellan Strait, Chile. Despite ecological contexts, our results revealed that Moraxellaceae bacteria were the most predominant and abundant taxa associated with penguin body surfaces. Nevertheless, we detected colony-specific core bacteria associated with penguin bodies. The most abundant were: Deinococcus in the Contramaestre colony, Fusobacterium in the Tuckers 1 colony, and Clostridium sensu stricto 1 in the Tuckers 2 colony. Our results give a new perspective on the niche environmental hypothesis for wild seabirds. First, the ecological characteristics of each colony were associated with the microbial communities from the nest soil and the body surface of penguins inside the nests. For example, in the colonies with heterogenous vegetation cover (i.e. the Tuckers Islets), there was a similar microbial composition between the nest soil and the body surface of penguins. In contrast, on the more arid colony (Contramaestre), we detected differences in the microbial communities between the nest soil and the body surface of penguins.

Distribution of the N2 -fixing cyanobacterium Candidatus Atelocyanobacterium thalassa in the Mexican Pacific upwelling system under two contrasting El Niño Southern Oscillation conditions.

The unicellular cyanobacterium Candidatus Atelocyanobacterium thalassa (UCYN-A) is a key diazotroph in the global ocean owing to its high N2 fixation rates and wide distribution in marine environments. Nevertheless, little is known about UCYN-A in oxygen-deficient zones (ODZs), which may be optimal environments for marine diazotrophy. Therefore, the distribution and diversity of UCYN-A were studied in two consecutive years under contrasting phases (La Niña vs. El Niño) of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) along a transect in the ODZ of the Mexican Pacific upwelling system. Of the three UCYN-A sublineages found, UCYN-A1 and UCYN-A3 were barely detected, whereas UCYN-A2 was dominant in all the stations and showed a wide distribution in both ENSO phases. The presence of UCYN-A was associated with well-oxygenated waters, but it was also found for the first time under suboxic conditions (<20 µM) at the bottom of a shallow coastal station, within the oxygen-poor and nutrient-rich Subsurface Subtropical water mass. This study contributes to the understanding of UCYN-A distribution under different oceanographic conditions associated with ENSO phases in upwelling systems, especially because of the current climate change and increasing deoxygenation in many areas of the world's oceans.

Metagenomic insight into taxonomic composition, environmental filtering and functional redundancy for shaping worldwide modern non-lithifying microbial mats.

Modern microbial mats are relictual communities mostly found in extreme environments worldwide. Despite their significance as representatives of the ancestral Earth and their important roles in biogeochemical cycling, research on microbial mats has largely been localized, focusing on site-specific descriptions and environmental change experiments. Here, we present a global comparative analysis of non-lithifying microbial mats, integrating environmental measurements with metagenomic data from 62 samples across eight sites, including two new samples from the recently discovered Archaean Domes from Cuatro Ciénegas, Mexico. Our results revealed a notable influence of environmental filtering on both taxonomic and functional compositions of microbial mats. Functional redundancy appears to confer resilience to mats, with essential metabolic pathways conserved across diverse and highly contrasting habitats. We identified six highly correlated clusters of taxa performing similar ecological functions, suggesting niche partitioning and functional specialization as key mechanisms shaping community structure. Our findings provide insights into the ecological principles governing microbial mats, and lay the foundation for future research elucidating the intricate interplay between environmental factors and microbial community dynamics.

Uncovering novel bacterial and archaeal diversity: genomic insights from metagenome-assembled genomes in Cuatro Cienegas, Coahuila.

A comprehensive study was conducted in the Cuatro Ciénegas Basin (CCB) in Coahuila, Mexico, which is known for its diversity of microorganisms and unique physicochemical properties. The study focused on the "Archaean Domes" (AD) site in the CCB, which is characterized by an abundance of hypersaline, non-lithifying microbial mats. In AD, we analyzed the small domes and circular structures using metagenome assembly genomes (MAGs) with the aim of expanding our understanding of the prokaryotic tree of life by uncovering previously unreported lineages, as well as analyzing the diversity of bacteria and archaea in the CCB. A total of 325 MAGs were identified, including 48 Archaea and 277 Bacteria. Remarkably, 22 archaea and 104 bacteria could not be classified even at the genus level, highlighting the remarkable novel diversity of the CCB. Besides, AD site exhibited significant diversity at the phylum level, with Proteobacteria being the most abundant, followed by Desulfobacteria, Spirochaetes, Bacteroidetes, Nanoarchaeota, Halobacteriota, Cyanobacteria, Planctomycetota, Verrucomicrobiota, Actinomycetes and Chloroflexi. In Archaea, the monophyletic groups of MAGs belonged to the Archaeoglobi, Aenigmarchaeota, Candidate Nanoarchaeota, and Halobacteriota. Among Bacteria, monophyletic groups were also identified, including Spirochaetes, Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroidetes, Candidate Bipolaricaulota, Desulfobacteria, and Cyanobacteria. These monophyletic groups were possibly influenced by geographic isolation, as well as the extreme and fluctuating environmental conditions in the pond AD, such as stoichiometric imbalance of C:N:P of 122:42:1, fluctuating pH (5-9.8) and high salinity (5.28% to saturation).

Comparative evaluation of bioinformatic tools for virus-host prediction and their application to a highly diverse community in the Cuatro Ciénegas Basin, Mexico.

Due to the enormous diversity of non-culturable viruses, new viruses must be characterized using culture-independent techniques. The associated host is an important phenotypic feature that can be inferred from metagenomic viral contigs thanks to the development of several bioinformatic tools. Here, we compare the performance of recently developed virus-host prediction tools on a dataset of 1,046 virus-host pairs and then apply the best-performing tools to a metagenomic dataset derived from a highly diverse transiently hypersaline site known as the Archaean Domes (AD) within the Cuatro Ciénegas Basin, Coahuila, Mexico. Among host-dependent methods, alignment-based approaches had a precision of 66.07% and a sensitivity of 24.76%, while alignment-free methods had an average precision of 75.7% and a sensitivity of 57.5%. RaFAH, a virus-dependent alignment-based tool, had the best overall performance (F1_score = 95.7%). However, when predicting the host of AD viruses, methods based on public reference databases (such as RaFAH) showed lower inter-method agreement than host-dependent methods run against custom databases constructed from prokaryotes inhabiting AD. Methods based on custom databases also showed the greatest agreement between the source environment and the predicted host taxonomy, habitat, lifestyle, or metabolism. This highlights the value of including custom data when predicting hosts on a highly diverse metagenomic dataset, and suggests that using a combination of methods and qualitative validations related to the source environment and predicted host biology can increase the number of correct predictions. Finally, these predictions suggest that AD viruses infect halophilic archaea as well as a variety of bacteria that may be halophilic, halotolerant, alkaliphilic, thermophilic, oligotrophic, sulfate-reducing, or marine, which is consistent with the specific environment and the known geological and biological evolution of the Cuatro Ciénegas Basin and its microorganisms.

Epithelium-derived 6-nitrodopamine modulates noradrenaline-induced contractions in human seminal vesicles.

AIMS: To evaluate the basal release of 6-nitrodopamine (6-ND) from human isolated seminal vesicles (HISV) and to characterize its action and origin. MAIN METHODS: Left HISV obtained from patients undergoing prostatectomy surgery was suspended in a 3-mL organ bath containing warmed (37 °C) and gassed (95%O2:5%CO2) Krebs-Henseleit's solution (KHS) with ascorbic acid. An aliquot of 2 mL of the supernatant was used to quantify catecholamines by LC-MS/MS. For functional studies, concentration-responses curves to catecholamines were obtained, and pEC50 and Emax values were calculated. Detection of tyrosine hydroxylase and S100 protein were also carried out by both immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in-situ hybridization assays (FISH). KEY FINDINGS: Basal release of 6-ND was higher than the other catecholamines (14.76 ± 14.54, 4.99 ± 6.92, 3.72 ± 4.35 and 5.13 ± 5.76 nM for 6-ND, noradrenaline, adrenaline, and dopamine, respectively). In contrast to the other catecholamines, the basal release of 6-ND was not affected by the sodium current (Nav) channel inhibitor tetrodotoxin (1 µM; 10.4 ± 8.9 and 10.4 ± 7.9 nM, before and after tetrodotoxin, respectively). All the catecholamines produced concentration-dependent HISV contractions (pEC50 4.1 ± 0.2, 4.9 ± 0.3, 5.0 ± 0.3, and 3.9 ± 0.8 for 6-ND, noradrenaline, adrenaline, and dopamine, respectively), but 6-ND was 10-times less potent than noradrenaline and adrenaline. However, preincubation with very low concentration of 6-ND (10-8 M, 30 min) produced significant leftward shifts of the concentration-response curves to noradrenaline. Immunohistochemical and FISH assays identified tyrosine hydroxylase in tissue epithelium of HISV strips. SIGNIFICANCE: Epithelium-derived 6-ND is the major catecholamine released from human isolated seminal vesicles and that modulates smooth muscle contractility by potentiating noradrenaline-induced contractions.

Effectiveness of experimental dentifrices based on essential oils on biofilm on complete dentures: an in vitro study.

Specific products containing natural resources can contribute to the innovation of complete denture hygiene. OBJECTIVE: To conduct an in vitro evaluation of experimental dentifrices containing essential oils of Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth (BvK), Copaifera officinalis (Co), Eucalyptus citriodora (Ec), Melaleuca alternifolia (Ma) and Pinus strobus (Ps) at 1%. METHODOLOGY: The variables evaluated were organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics, abrasiveness (mechanical brushing machine) simulating 2.5 years, and microbial load (Colony Forming Units - CFU/mL), metabolic activity (XTT assay) and cell viability (Live/Dead® BacLight™ kit) of the multispecies biofilm (Streptococcus mutans: Sm, Staphylococcus aureus: Sa, Candida albicans: Ca and Candida glabrata: Cg). Specimens of heat-polymerized acrylic resins (n=256) (n=96 specimens for abrasiveness, n=72 for microbial load count, n=72 for biofilm metabolic activity, n=16 for cell viability and total biofilm quantification) with formed biofilm were divided into eight groups for manual brushing (20 seconds) with a dental brush and distilled water (NC: negative control), Trihydral (PC: positive control), placebo (Pl), BvK, Co, Ec, Ma or Ps. After brushing, the specimens were washed with PBS and immersed in Letheen Broth medium, and the suspension was sown in solid specific medium. The organoleptic characteristics were presented by descriptive analysis. The values of density, pH, consistency and viscosity were presented in a table. The data were analyzed with the Wald test in a generalized linear model, followed by the Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn's test (mass change) and the Bonferroni test (UFC and XTT). The Wald test in Generalized Estimating Equations and the Bonferroni test were used to analyze cell viability. RESULTS: All dentifrices showed stable organoleptic characteristics and adequate physicochemical properties. CN, Ec, Ps, Pl and PC showed low abrasiveness. There was a significant difference between the groups (p<0.001) for microbial load, metabolic activity and biofilm viability. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the BvK, Ec and Ps dentifrices are useful for cleaning complete dentures, as they have antimicrobial activity against biofilm. The dentifrices containing Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth showed medium abrasiveness and should be used with caution.

Basal release and relaxation responses to 6-nitrodopamine in swine carotid, coronary, femoral, and renal arteries.

Mammalian and reptilian vascular tissues present basal release of 6-nitrodopamine, which is reduced when the tissues are pre-incubated with the NO synthase inhibitor L-NG-Nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), or when the endothelium is mechanically removed. 6-Nitrodopamine induces vasorelaxation in pre-contracted vascular rings by antagonizing the dopaminergic D2-like receptor. Here it was investigated whether male swine vessels (including carotid, left descendent coronary, renal, and femoral arteries) release 6-nitrodopamine, dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline, as measured by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The in vitro vasorelaxant action of 6-nitrodopamine was evaluated in carotid, coronary, renal, and femoral arteries precontracted by U-46619 (3 nM), and compared to that induced by the dopamine D2-receptor antagonist L-741,626. Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and the neuromaker calretinin was investigated by immunohistochemistry. All vascular tissues presented basal release of endothelium-derived catecholamines. The relaxation induced by 6-nitrodopamine was not affected by preincubation of the tissues with either L-NAME (100 µM, 30-min preincubation) or the heme-site inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase ODQ (100 µM, 30-min preincubation). Electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced contractions were significantly potentiated by previous incubation with L-NAME, but unaffected by ODQ preincubation. The contractions induced by EFS were reduced by preincubation with either 6-nitrodopamine or L-741,626. Immunohistochemistry in all arteries revealed the presence of tyrosine hydroxylase in the endothelium, whereas immunoreactivity for calretinin was negative. Swine vessels present basal release of endothelium-derived catecholamines and expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the endothelium. The vasodilation induced by 6-nitrodopamine is due to blockade of dopaminergic D2-like receptors.

Effectiveness of experimental dentifrices based on essential oils on biofilm on complete dentures: an in vitro study

Abstract Specific products containing natural resources can contribute to the innovation of complete denture hygiene. Objective: To conduct an in vitro evaluation of experimental dentifrices containing essential oils of Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth (BvK), Copaifera officinalis (Co), Eucalyptus citriodora (Ec), Melaleuca alternifolia (Ma) and Pinus strobus (Ps) at 1%. Methodology: The variables evaluated were organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics, abrasiveness (mechanical brushing machine) simulating 2.5 years, and microbial load (Colony Forming Units - CFU/mL), metabolic activity (XTT assay) and cell viability (Live/Dead® BacLight™ kit) of the multispecies biofilm (Streptococcus mutans: Sm, Staphylococcus aureus: Sa, Candida albicans: Ca and Candida glabrata: Cg). Specimens of heat-polymerized acrylic resins (n=256) (n=96 specimens for abrasiveness, n=72 for microbial load count, n=72 for biofilm metabolic activity, n=16 for cell viability and total biofilm quantification) with formed biofilm were divided into eight groups for manual brushing (20 seconds) with a dental brush and distilled water (NC: negative control), Trihydral (PC: positive control), placebo (Pl), BvK, Co, Ec, Ma or Ps. After brushing, the specimens were washed with PBS and immersed in Letheen Broth medium, and the suspension was sown in solid specific medium. The organoleptic characteristics were presented by descriptive analysis. The values of density, pH, consistency and viscosity were presented in a table. The data were analyzed with the Wald test in a generalized linear model, followed by the Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn's test (mass change) and the Bonferroni test (UFC and XTT). The Wald test in Generalized Estimating Equations and the Bonferroni test were used to analyze cell viability. Results: All dentifrices showed stable organoleptic characteristics and adequate physicochemical properties. CN, Ec, Ps, Pl and PC showed low abrasiveness. There was a significant difference between the groups (p<0.001) for microbial load, metabolic activity and biofilm viability. Conclusions: It was concluded that the BvK, Ec and Ps dentifrices are useful for cleaning complete dentures, as they have antimicrobial activity against biofilm. The dentifrices containing Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth showed medium abrasiveness and should be used with caution.

Persistent SARS-CoV-2 antigen presence in multiple organs of a naturally infected cat from Brazil

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of the disease coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in humans. SARS-CoV-2 has been identified in cats with or without clinical signs. Case presentation: We describe the pathological and molecular findings in a six-month-old asymptomatic cat with SARS-CoV-2 infection from Brazil, belonging to a human family with COVID-19 cases. The pool of nasopharynx and oropharynx swabs at day zero tested positive by RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2. No amplification resulted from molecular testing performed on days 7 and 14. The cat was hit by a car and died 43 days after the molecular diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry at post-mortem examination demonstrated nucleocapsid protein in samples from the lungs, kidneys, nasal conchae, trachea, intestine, brain and spleen. Conclusion: The present study has highlighted the possibility that viral antigens can be detected by immunohistochemistry in multiple organs six weeks after infection, although the same tissues tested negative by RT-PCR.(AU)

Influência da pré-cloração na clarificação de águas para abastecimento utilizando coagulante à base de tanino / Pre-chlorination effects on drinking water treatment using tannin-based coagulant

RESUMO Diferentes técnicas de tratamento de água destinada ao abastecimento público, como a pré-cloração e o uso de coagulantes orgânicos, têm sido relatadas como alternativas econômica, técnica e ambientalmente viáveis. Entretanto, o resultado da interação entre esses processos deve ser estudado para sua aplicação com segurança. Dessa forma, este estudo objetivou avaliar a influência da pré-cloração na clarificação de água para abastecimento público, utilizando coagulante à base de tanino. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em jar test com o uso de Tanfloc SG como coagulante, variando as dosagens de 2,5 a 45,0 mg L−1, e de oxidante hipoclorito de sódio (NaClO) nas concentrações de cloro residual livre (HClO(NaClO)) de 0,8 e 5,0 mg L−1, no tratamento da água do ribeirão João Leite. As dosagens ótimas de coagulante foram determinadas para as seguintes condições de tratamento: adição somente de tanino; tanino e NaClO aplicados simultaneamente; e tanino adicionado após 30 min da pré-cloração. Nessas condições, o pH de coagulação foi analisado de 6,0 a 8,5. Foram avaliados parâmetros como turbidez, cor aparente, pH e HClO(NaClO). A melhor condição de tratamento com pré-cloração foi a adição simultânea de NaClO e coagulante tanino nas dosagens de 0,8 mg L−1 (HClO(NaClO)) e 10,0 mg L−1, respectivamente, com remoção de turbidez de 71,6% e cor aparente de 62,7%. Os resultados demonstraram que a pré-cloração afetou negativamente o processo de tratamento, e para maior concentração de HClO(NaClO) maior foi a dosagem de tanino requerida, sem apresentar aumento significativo nas eficiências de remoção de turbidez e cor aparente.

ABSTRACT Different techniques in the treatment of water intended for public supply such as pre-chlorination and use of organic coagulants have been reported as economic, technical and environmental viable alternatives. However, the result of the interaction between these processes should be studied for their safe application. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of pre-chlorination on coagulation and flocculation of water for public supply using a tannin-based coagulant. The assays were conducted in Jar Test using Tanfloc SG as a coagulant, varying the dosages from 2.5 to 45.0 mg L−1, and sodium hypochlorite oxidant (NaClO) in the concentrations of free residual chlorine (HClO(NaClO)) of 0.8 and 5.0 mg L−1, in the water treatment of João Leite River. Optimal coagulant dosages were determined for the following treatment conditions: addition of tannin only; tannin and NaClO applied simultaneously; and, tannin added after 30 min of pre-chlorination. Under these conditions, the coagulation pH was analyzed from 6.0 to 8.5. Parameters such as turbidity, apparent color, pH and HClO (NaClO) were evaluated. The best treatment condition with pre-chlorination was the simultaneous addition of NaClO and coagulant at dosages of 0.8 mg L−1(HClO(NaClO)) and 10.0 mg L−1 respectively, with turbidity removal of 71.6% and apparent color of 62.7%. In general, the results showed that pre-chlorination negatively affected the process being that the higher concentration of HClO(NaClO) the higher tannin dosage, without presenting a significant increase in the efficiencies of turbidity and apparent color removal.

Efeito na atividade de água em farinha mista extrudada de cascas e albedo de maracujá (Passiflora edulis Flavicarpa Degener) e arroz (Oryza sativa L. ) e farinha de maracujá industrializada / Effect of water activity in extruded passion fruit peel (Passiflora edulis Flavicarpa Degener) and rice (Oryza sativa L. ) flour and industrialized passion fruit flour

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito da atividade de água (Aw) nas farinhas de cascas e albedo de maracujá (FCAM) e farinha de arroz (FA) processadas por extrusão, gerando uma farinha mista pré-cozida de casca e albedo e arroz (FMCAMA). A determinação da (Aw) foi realizada utilizando aparelho digital Aqualab®, modelo CX-2, à temperatura de 25ºC. Os resultados da (Aw) foram mais baixos para as amostras de farinha de cascas e albedo de maracujá e arroz nas amostras FMCAMA1 (0,276±0,015), FMCAMA2 (0,227±0,005) e FMCAMA3 (0,259±0,034) do que para as amostras de FMI industrializada: FMI1 (0,618±0,005), FMI2 (0,553±0,003) e FMI3 (0,540±0,004).

Medication errors in emergency departments: is electronic medical record an effective barrier? / Erros de medicação em unidades de pronto atendimento: prontuário eletrônico, barreira eficaz?

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare medication errors in two emergency departments with electronic medical record, to two departments that had conventional handwritten records at the same organization. Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive, comparative study of medication errors and their classification, according to the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention, associated with the use of electronic and conventional medical records, in emergency departments of the same organization, during one year. Results: There were 88 events per million opportunities in the departments with electronic medical record and 164 events per million opportunities in the units with conventional medical records. There were more medication errors when using conventional medical record - in 9 of 14 categories of the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention. Conclusion: The emergency departments using electronic medical records presented lower levels of medication errors, and contributed to a continuous improvement in patients´ safety.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar os erros de medicações de duas unidades de pronto atendimento que possuíam prontuário eletrônico aos de duas unidades que possuíam prontuário convencional manual em uma mesma instituição. Métodos: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, descritivo, que comparou a incidência de erros de medicações e sua classificação, segundo o National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention, associado ao uso do prontuário eletrônico e do convencional, em unidades de pronto atendimento de uma mesma instituição por um ano. Resultados: Foram observados 88 eventos por milhão de oportunidades nas unidades com prontuário eletrônico e 164 por milhão de oportunidades nas unidades com prontuário convencional. Houve mais erros de medicações nas unidades com prontuário convencional − em 9 das 14 categorias da National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention analisadas. Conclusão: Com a utilização do prontuário eletrônico, as unidades de pronto atendimento apresentaram menores índices de erros de medicações, contribuindo para melhoria continuada na segurança do paciente.

Encefalitis por anticuerpos contra receptor NMDA. A propósito de un caso / Encephalitis by antibodies against NMDA receptor. About a case

Introducción: En la encefalitis por anticuerpos contra receptores N-Metil-D-Aspartato (NMDA) se genera una disfunción neuronal del ácido gamma-aminobutírico (GABA), con desregulación del glutamato y la dopamina. Los teratomas y las infecciones virales se presumen causales de la respuesta autoinmunitaria. La clínica evoluciona por etapas con un pródromo similar a una infección viral con posteriores manifestaciones psiquiátricas y convulsiones, seguidas de disfunción motora, cognitiva y autonómica. El diagnóstico se basa en la clínica y la presencia de anticuerpos del receptor NMDA. El tratamiento incluye inmunoterapia y eventual eliminación del tumor. La enfermedad puede ser letal o provocar daño irreversible en regiones corticales. Objetivo: Destacar la importancia del diagnóstico precoz en los casos de encefalitis autoinmune para una mayor efectividad de los tratamientos postulados. Reporte de caso: Paciente femenina de 13 años de edad, con diagnóstico de diabetes tipo I; presenta dolor y pérdida de fuerza con movimientos involuntarios en miembro superior izquierdo con dificultad en la deambulación, más episodio convulsivo tónico clónico generalizado seguido de manifestaciones neuropsiquiátricas. Se sospecha encefalitis autoinmune, se dosan anticuerpos anti ácido glutámico descarboxilasa (GAD) y anti NMDA, con resultados positivos. Recibe corticoterapia, inmunoglobulina endovenosa, rituximab y plasmaferesis. Presenta escasa mejoría clínica, con persistencia de síntomas secuelares psiquiátricos y neurológicos. Discusión: Es importante sospechar esta entidad aunque las manifestaciones clínicas iniciales sugieran otras etiologías. El tratamiento inmunosupresor agresivo no debería demorarse aun cuando no se haya confirmado la positividad de los anticuerpos NMDA. El buen pronóstico depende del inicio precoz del tratamiento.

Introduction: The encephalitis by antibodies against NMDA receptors, a neuronal dysfunction of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is generated, with deregulation of glutamate and dopamine. Teratomas and viral infections are presumed to be the cause to the autoimmune response. The clinic evolves in stages with a prodrome similar to a viral infection with subsequent psychiatric manifestations and seizure, followed by motor, cognitive and autonomic dysfunction. Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms and the presence of NMDA receptor antibodies. The treatment includes immunotherapy and, eventually, elimination of the tumor. The disease can be lethal or cause irreversible damage in cortical regions. Objective: Highlight the importance of early diagnosis in cases of autoimmune encephalitis for greater effectiveness of postulated treatments. Case report.:13 year old female patient diagnosed with type I diabetes; presents pain, loss of strength and involuntary movements of the upper left limb and ambulation difficulties, associeted with a generalized tonic-clonic seizure episode followed by neuropsychiatric manifestations. Autoinmune encefalitis was suspected so antiglutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and anti-NMDA antibodies were dosed, which throw a positive result. The patient receives corticotherapy, intravenous immunoglobulin, rituximab and plasmapheresis. Presenting little clinical improvement, with persistence of psychiatric and neurological sequelae symptoms. Discussion: It is important to suspect this entity although the initial clinical manifestations suggests other etiologies. Aggressive immunosuppressive therapy should not be delayed even when the positivity of NMDA antibodies has not been confirmed. The good prognosis depends on the early start of the treatment.

Action of ear acupuncture in people with chronic pain in the spinal column: a randomized clinical trial / Ação da auriculoacupuntura em pessoas com dor crônica na coluna vertebral: ensaio clínico randomizado / Acción de la auriculoacupuntura en personas con dolor crónico en la columna vertebral: ensayo clínico aleatorio

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess the action of ear acupuncture on disability and tissue temperature in people with chronic pain in the spinal column. Method: a clinical trial with a sample of 110 people, randomized into three groups: Treatment, Placebo and Control. The assessment instruments were the Rolland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) and a thermographic camera, administered before the first treatment session, one week after and 15 days after (follow-up) the fifth session of ear acupuncture. In the analysis of the data, the Kruskal Wallis, Student-Newman Keuls and Wilcoxon tests were applied. Results: there was a significant reduction in disability in the Treatment and Placebo groups between the initial and final assessments (p<0.05) and between the initial assessments and follow-up (p<0.05). In the final assessment, the Treatment group presented improvement of disability when compared with the Placebo and Control groups (p<0.05). There was an increase in mean tissue temperature of the dorsal region between the initial and follow-up assessments in Treatment and Control groups (p<0.05), and between the final assessments and follow-up in the Treatment and Placebo groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: ear acupuncture was efficacious in reducing disability and increasing tissue temperature in people with chronic pain in the spinal column. Brazilian Register of Clinical Trials (RBR-5X69X2).

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a ação da auriculoacupuntura na incapacidade e na temperatura tissular de pessoas com dor crônica na coluna vertebral. Método: ensaio clínico com amostra de 110 pessoas, randomizadas em três grupos: Tratado, Placebo e Controle. Os instrumentos de avaliação foram o Questionário de Incapacidade de Rolland Morris e uma câmera termográfica, aplicados antes da primeira sessão de tratamento, uma semana após e 15 dias após (follow up) à quinta sessão de auriculoacupuntura. Na análise dos dados, aplicaram-se os testes Kruskal-Wallis, Student-Newman-Keuls e Wilcoxon. Resultados: houve redução significativa da incapacidade nos grupos Tratado e Placebo entre as avaliações inicial e final (p<0,05) e entre as avaliações inicial e follow up (p<0,05). Na avaliação final, o grupo Tratado apresentou melhora da incapacidade se comparado ao Placebo e ao Controle (p<0,05). Houve aumento na temperatura média tissular da região dorsal entre as avaliações inicial e follow up no Tratado e Controle (p<0,05). Entre as avaliações final e follow up no Tratado e Placebo (p<0,05). Conclusão: a auriculoacupuntura foi eficaz para reduzir a incapacidade e aumentar a temperatura tissular em pessoas com dor crônica na coluna vertebral. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (RBR-5X69X2).

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar la acción de la auriculoacupuntura en la incapacidad y en la temperatura del tejido de personas con dolor crónico en la columna vertebral. Método: ensayo clínico con muestra de 110 personas, asignadas aleatoriamente en tres grupos: Tratado, Placebo y Control. Los instrumentos de evaluación fueron el Cuestionario de Incapacidad de Rollad Morris y una cámara termográfica, aplicados antes de la primera sesión de tratamiento, una semana después y quince días después (follow up) de la quinta sesión de auriculoacupuntura. En el análisis de los datos se aplicaron las pruebas Kruskal-Wallis, Student-Newman Keuls y Wilcoxon. Resultados: hubo reducción significativa de la incapacidad en los grupos Tratado y Placebo, entre las evaluaciones inicial y final (p<0,05) y entre las evaluaciones inicial y follow up (p<0,05). En la evaluación final, el grupo Tratado presentó mejoría de la incapacidad si comparado al Placebo y al Control (p<0,05). Hubo aumento en la temperatura media del tejido de la región dorsal entre las evaluaciones inicial y follow up en el Tratado y Control (p<0,05), y entre las evaluaciones final y follow up en el Tratado y Placebo (p<0,05). Conclusión: la auriculoacupuntura fue eficaz en reducir la incapacidad y en aumentar la temperatura del tejido en personas con dolor crónico en la columna vertebral. Registro Brasileño de Ensayos Clínicos (RBR-5X69X2).

Bem-estar espiritual e coping religioso/espiritual em pessoas com insuficiência renal crônica / Spiritual well-being and spiritual/religious coping in people with chronic kidney disease

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a variação temporal e a correlação entre o bem-estar espiritual e coping religioso/espiritual de pessoas com insuficiência renal crônica em tratamento hemodialítico. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, analítico e longitudinal. A amostra inicial contou com 118 participantes com perda de 31 ao final das coletas, o que reduziu a amostra final para 87 participantes. Foram aplicados, por meio de entrevista, o questionário sociodemográfico e clínico, a Escala de Coping Religioso/Espiritual Breve (CRE-Breve) e a Escala de Bem-estar Espiritual (EBE) em três coletas distintas, realizadas a cada dois meses. Resultados: Verificou-se que as pessoas com insuficiência renal crônica em hemodiálise fazem uso do enfrentamento religioso e espiritual. A média do CRE positivo foi 3,34, que reflete um escore alto. O EBE total e o EBE religioso associaram-se significativamente à importância dada à religião/espiritualidade (p < 0,001). Conclusão: Os pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica em tratamento hemodialítico entrevistados neste estudo utilizam o coping religioso/espiritual de forma positiva e significativa, da mesma forma que consideram importante a religião/espiritualidade em suas vidas.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la variación temporal y la correlación entre el bienestar espiritual y el afrontamiento religioso/espiritual en personas con insuficiencia renal crónica sometidas a hemodiálisis. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, analítico y longitudinal. La muestra inicial contó con 118 participantes, pero al final de la recopilación de datos hubo una pérdida de 31, lo que redujo la muestra a 87. Se aplicaron mediante entrevistas el cuestionario sociodemográfico y clínico, la Escala de Coping Religioso/Espiritual Breve (CRE-Breve) y la Escala de Bem-estar Espiritual (EBE). La recopilación de datos se realizó en tres etapas, con intervalos frecuentes de dos meses. Resultados: Se encontró que las personas con insuficiencia renal crónica sometidas a hemodiálisis suelen recurrir al afrontamiento religioso y espiritual. La media positiva de CRE fue de 3,34, lo que reflejó una alta puntuación. Por su parte, el EBE total y el EBE religioso se asociaron significativamente con la importancia que se le da a la religión/espiritualidad (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: Los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica sometidos a hemodiálisis utilizan el afrontamiento religioso/espiritual de manera positiva y significativa; así mismo, consideran importante la religión/ espiritualidad en sus vidas.

Abstract Objective: To assess temporal variation and correlation between spiritual well-being and spiritual/religious coping in people with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis. Methodology: Longitudinal, descriptive and analytical study. Initial sample was composed of 118 participants, but at the end of data collection, there was a loss of 31 participants, which is why the sample was reduced to 87. A socio-demographic and clinical questionnaire, the Brief Spiritual/ Religious Coping Scale (Brief-SRCOPE Scale), and The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWB) were applied using interviews. Data collection were carried out in three stages, at two-month frequent intervals. Results: It was found that people with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis tend to resort spiritual and religious coping. The spiritual/religious coping mean positive was 3.34, reflecting a high score. On the other hand, total SWB and the religious SWB were significantly associated with the importance given to spirituality/religion (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis make use of spiritual/religious coping positively and significantly; likewise, they regard religion/spirituality as important in their lives.

Impactos da dor crônica na vida das pessoas e a assistência de enfermagem no processo / Impacts of chronic pain on people's life and nursing care in the process

Objetivo: Refletir sobre os impactos da dor crônica na vida das pessoas e a assistência de enfermagem no processo. Metodología: Trata-se de um ensaio reflexivo, fundamentado em uma revisão teórica. O estudo foi desenvolvido entre os meses de maio de 2015 a julho de 2016. Os dados foram analisados e logo organizados nos seguintes eixos temáticos: O impacto da dor crônica sobre a qualidade de vida das pessoas, Dor como quinto sinal vital: a importância de sua avaliação e Assistência de enfermagem ao paciente com dor crônica. Resultados: Vários são os impactos que a dor acarreta na vida das pessoas e, quando este sintoma se torna crônico, a repercussão sobre a qualidade de suas vidas é mais intensa. Portanto, uma avaliação abrangente, holística e multiprofissional da pessoa com dor faz-se necessária, de forma que o enfermeiro, por meio do estabelecimento do processo de enfermagem, desempenhe um papel fundamental pelo processo de reconhecimento e controle desta condição com a implementação de diagnósticos acurados e intervenções efetivas. Conclusão: A dor crônica merece atenção especial do enfermeiro, de forma que a avaliação e o tratamento sejam os mais abrangentes possível, a fim de minimizar o impacto negativo da dor sobre a vida das pessoas.

Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre el impacto del dolor crónico en la vida de las personas y en los cuidados de enfermería en el proceso. Metodología: Ensayo reflexivo, el cual se fundamentó en una revisión teórica. El estudio se realizó entre los meses de mayo de 2015 a julio de 2016. Los datos se analizaron y luego se organizaron en los siguientes ejes temáticos: El impacto del dolor crónico sobre la calidad de vida de las personas, El dolor como quinta señal vital: la importancia de su evaluación y Cuidados de enfermería a los pacientes con dolor crónico. Resultados: El dolor impacta de varias formas en la vida de las personas y, cuando este síntoma se vuelve crónico, repercute más intensamente en la calidad de vida. Por lo tanto, se hace indispensable realizar una evaluación completa, holística y multi-profesional de la persona que padece algún dolor, de manera que el enfermero, al establecer el proceso de enfermería, desempeñe un papel fundamental en el reconocimiento y control de esta condición con la implementación de diagnósticos precisos y de intervenciones efectivas. Conclusiones: El dolor crónico requiere de una atención especial por parte del enfermero para que la evaluación y el tratamiento sean lo más completos posible, con el fin de minimizar el impacto negativo del dolor sobre la vida de las personas.

Objective: To reflect about impact of chronic pain on people's life and on the nursing care in the process. Methodology: This is a reflexive essay, based on a theoretical review. The study was developed between May 2015 and July 2016. The data were analyzed and after organized in thematic axes as follows: The impact of chronic pain on people's quality of life, Pain as a fifth vital sign: the importance of its evaluation, and Nursing care to the patient with chronic pain. Results: Pain impacts in several ways on people's life, and, when this symptom becomes chronic, it resonates more intensively on quality of life. A comprehensive, holistic, and multi-professional evaluation to person with pain is necessary, so that nurse, setting up the nursing process, plays a central role in recognition and control of this status with the implementation of accurate diagnoses and effective interventions. Conclusions: Chronic pain needs a special attention by nurse so that assessment and treatment to be as complete as possible, in order to minimize the negative impact of pain on people's life.

Questionário do comportamento planeado no diabetes - cuidado com os pés: validação / Questionnaire of planned behavior in diabetes - foot care: validation / Cuestionario sobre el comportamiento planeado en la diabetes - cuidado con los pies: validación

OBJETIVO: realizar a adaptação cultural e a avaliação das propriedades psicométricas do Questionário do Comportamento Planeado no Diabetes ­ Cuidado Com os Pés. METODOLOGIA: investigação Metodológica em que foi realizada análise semântica por um comitê de juízes, pré-teste e, posteriormente, teste-reteste, análise de consistência interna e análise fatorial exploratória, em uma amostra de 130 pessoas com diabetes mellitus de uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Instituiu-se 6,35% de alteração semântica na escala original. RESULTADOS: o questionário se mostrou estável (p>0,05 para a maioria dos itens, ICC=0,675); boa consistência interna (Alfa de Cronbach:>0,7 em quatro domínios), ótima relação entre os domínios (KMO=0,741) e estabilidade na estrutura fatorial. CONCLUSÃO: O instrumento demonstrou ser adequado para ser replicado no cenário brasileiro.

AIM: To carry out the cultural adaptation and evaluation of the psychometric properties of a Questionnaire on Planned Behavior in Diabetes - Foot Care. METHODOLOGY: This is a methodological study in which semantic analysis was carried out by a committee of judges; pre-test and subsequently test-retest; internal consistency analysis and exploratory factor analysis were carried out on a sample of 130 people with diabetes mellitus of a Family Health strategy. We instituted 6.35% of semantic change in the original scale. RESULTS: The questionnaire remained stable (p> 0.05 for most items, CHF = 0.675); good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha:> 0.7 in the four areas), great relationship between the domains (KMO = 0.741) and stability in the factorial structure. CONCLUSION: The instrument proved to be suitable for replication in a Brazilian scenario.

OBJETIVO: realizar la adaptación cultural y la evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario sobre el Comportamiento Planeado en la Diabetes ­ Cuidado Con los Pies. METODOLOGÍA: investigación metodológica en el que se realizó el análisis semántico por un comité de jueces, pre-test y, posteriormente, test-retest, análisis de consistencia interna y análisis factorial exploratorio, en una muestra de 130 personas con diabetes mellitus de una Estrategia de Salud de la Familia. Se instituyó 6,35% de alteración semántica en la escala original. RESULTADOS: el cuestionario se mostró estable (p>0,05 para la mayoría de los ítems, ICC=0,675); buena consistencia interna (Alfa de Cronbach:>0,7 en cuatro dominios), óptima relación entre los dominios (KMO=0,741) y estabilidad en la estructura factorial. CONCLUSIÓN: El instrumento demostró ser adecuado para ser replicado en el escenario brasileño.