The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Affective Disorders - Novel Tool Is the Neuropsychological Assessment in Mood Disorders - Polish Translation.

Mood disorders are chronic disorders accompanied by cognitive impairment. They impair the adaptability and daily functioning of patients, also during remission and justify implementing pharmacological treatment and psychotherapeutic interactions in these patients to improve their quality of life. The recommended method for assessing the charcter of cognitive deficits in affective disorders is the BAC-A (Brief Assessment of Cognition In Affective Disorders) test battery. This scale is a short, simple instrument of the "paper-and-pencil test" type, based on the BAC (Brief Assessment of Cognition) inventory and the Short Scale for Assessment of Cognitive Functions in Schizophrenia (BAC-S). The BAC-A consists of eight subtests measuring: verbal memory and learning, affective control, working memory, motor functions, verbal fluency, executive functions. This paper presents the Polish version of the BAC-A along with instructions about its use and interpretation. The BAC-A scale is a method designed to monitor the cognitive functioning of people with mood disorders, enabling early detection of existing deficits to improve the effectiveness of the diagnostic and treatment process.

Internet searches for "suicide", its association with epidemiological data and insights for prevention programs.

BACKGROUND: Literature demonstrates that analysis of internet search data is a useful tool in predicting the occurrence of illnesses and health-related behaviors. The aim of the study was to quantitatively present the trends in Google searches for the keyword "suicide" and to analyze its correlation with the number of suicides in Poland. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We used the Google Trends tool to compile data for years 2004-2016. Statistical analysis was performed for annual, monthly, daily and hourly data. Official data on suicide in Poland were obtained from the Central Statistical Office and the General Police Headquarters of Poland. RESULTS: A gradual decrease in Google Relative Search Volume of the keyword "suicide" was observed in years 2004-2014, despite the significant increase of suicide rate in Poland (R=-0.24). Reverse correlation was also found between regional suicide coefficients and search volume (R=-0.22). The highest search volumes were recorded in winter months, first days of the week and at night hours (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Presented results may contribute to more effective suicide prevention programs. By specifying the time intervals in which searching suicide information is the highest, it will become easier get to individuals at risk.

Diffusion tensor tractography imaging in pediatric epilepsy - A systematic review.

PURPOSE: Recent years brought several experimental and clinical reports applying diffusion tensor tractography imaging (DTI) of the brain in epilepsy. This study was aimed to evaluate current evidence for adding the DTI sequence to the standard diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol in pediatric epilepsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Rapid and qualitative systematic review (RAE, Rapid Evidence Assessment), aggregating relevant studies from the recent 7 years. The PubMed database was hand searched for records containing terms "tractography AND epilepsy." Only studies referring to children were included; studies were rated using "final quality of evidence." RESULTS: Out of 144 screened records, relevant 101 were aggregated and reviewed. The synthesis was based on 73 studies. Case-control clinical studies were the majority of the material and comprised 43.8% of the material. Low 'confirmability' and low 'applicability' referred to 18 and 17 articles (29.5% and 27.9%), respectively. The sufficient quality of evidence supported performing DTI in temporal lobe epilepsy, malformations of cortical development and prior to a neurosurgery of epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS: The qualitative RAE provides an interim estimate of the clinical relevance of quickly developing diagnostic methods. Based on the critical appraisal of current knowledge, adding the DTI sequence to the standard MRI protocol may be clinically beneficial in selected patient groups with childhood temporal lobe epilepsy or as a part of planning for an epilepsy surgery.

Recurrence-associated chromosomal anomalies in meningiomas: Single-institution study and a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Complete removal of a meningioma (MG) does not guarantee relapse-free survival. Alterations on several chromosomes responsible for MG recurrence were suggested, although their role was not validated by a systematic review. Following the analysis of own 161 cases, all previously published data has been collected for evidence synthesis. Based on own series, WHO grade >I (odds ratio (OR)=92.0; 95%CI: 19.1-443.5) and a combination of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 1p and 14q (OR=10.2; 95%CI: 19-55.7) were the independent recurrence-specific prognosticators. The deleterious role of LOH on 1p/14q was demonstrated in a subset of parasagittal and falcine MGs. A total of 742 cases and 10 studies were pooled for the Individual Patient Data and Aggregate Data models of meta-analysis, respectively. The prognostic role of WHO classification (OR=90.4) and anomaly of chromosome 14 (OR=3.5) was confirmed. LOH on 14 showed lesser impact on recurrence than suggested by the WHO grading (area under the curve 0.65 for LOH vs. 0.74 for WHO). Fixed effect model of meta-analysis provided high summarized OR values for 1p (OR=5.4; 95%CI: 3.6-8.1) and 14q (OR=7.6; 95%CI: 4.3-13.6), and low for chromosome 22 (OR=1.6; 95%CI: 1.1-2.4). Final appraisal of recurrence-associated chromosomal alterations indicated that arms 1p and 14q deserve attention while predicting MG recurrence.

The correlation of clinical and chromosomal alterations of benign meningiomas and their recurrences.

Meningiomas (MGs) are the frequent benign intracranial tumors. Their complete removal does not always guarantee relapse-free survival. Recurrence-associated chromosomal anomalies in MGs haves been proposed as prognostic factors in addition to the World Health Organisation (WHO) grading, tumor size and resection rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of deletions on chromosomes in sporadic MGs and to correlate them with the clinical findings and tumor behaviour. Along with survival, the tumor recurrence was the main endpoint. Chromosomal loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was studied. 46 benign MGs were subjected to the analysis, complete tumor resection was intended and no early mortalities were observed. Incomplete removal was related to parasagittal location and psammomatous hisptopathology (p<0.01). Chromosomal alterations were present in 82.6% of cases; LOH at 22q (67.4%) and 1p (34.8%) were the most frequent and associated with male sex (p=0.04). Molecular findings were not specific for any of the histopathologic grade. Tumor recurrence (14 of 46) correlated with tumor size (≥35mm), LOH at 1p, 14q, coexistence of LOH at 1p/14q, 10q/14q, 'complex karyotype' status (≥2 LOHs excluding 22q), patient age (younger <35), and Simpson grading of resection rate (≥3 of worse prognosis). The last 3 variables were independent significant prognostic factors in multivariate analysis and of the same importance in recurrence prediction (Receiver Operating Characteristic curves comparison p>0.05). Among the cases of recurrence, tumor progression was observed in 3 of 14. In 2 cases, LOH on 1p and/or coexistence of LOH 1p/14q correlated with anaplastic transformation.

Colour contrasting between tissues predicts the resection in 5-aminolevulinic acid-guided surgery of malignant gliomas.

Due to the various intensities of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) fluorescence, neurosurgeons tend to be uncertain about which tissues to resect. This study aimed to reveal the shortcomings of the human visual perception of fluorescence, particularly the factors guiding the tissue removal and the correlation of fluorescence with contrast enhancement (CE) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Various colour features [CIE L*a*b* colour space, colour difference described by ΔE and contrast ratio (CR)] of total 206 noticed fluorescent areas and their surroundings were measured from the video recordings of 21 primary high grade glioma (HGG) surgeries. The position of a fluorescent region was related to the corecorded navigational image. Following early postoperative MRI, 17 additional regions of corresponding to CE remnants were identified, their colour features were compared to the resected CEs. The targeted video post-processing method was designed, based on the results. There were no complications attributed to 5-ALA use and the median survival was <10 months. 82.5 % of recognised fluorescent areas were removed. Colour spaces of the resected regions and their backgrounds did not overlap. Opposite to the separate colour components (p > 0.05), the distant background colour (p < 0.05) and higher CR and ΔE (p < 0.01) determined the resection of a fluorescent region. Noneloquent location and CR both independently increased the resection rate in logistic regression. However, greater area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in case of CR (AUC = 0.78; 95 % CI 0.71-0.83) determined its dominant role in neurosurgeon's fluorescence perception. CE regions presented with a significantly more saturated shade of violet (consistently higher a* and b*) than other tumour parts (p < 0.05). Regions corresponding to tumour remnants had a significantly lower a* component value (p = 0.02) as well as a lower ΔE than the matched background (AUC = 0.73; 95 % CI 0.65-0.80). In order to increase the resection rate, ΔE > 60 was needed. These results directed essential improvements in the 5-ALA fluorescence visualisation toward enhanced resection rate. The conventional filtering, unadjusted to the 5-ALA colour space converted some background shades to colours resembling relevant fluorescence. This is one of the first studies to demonstrate that perceived colours, their contrasting and CR are of significance in the decision-making during HGG 5-ALA fluorescence-guided surgery. Irrespective of the shortcomings of conventional video filtering, further development of a tailored post-processed contrast stretching will allow to achieve safe and radical tumour resection.

The challenges of hypervolemic therapy in patients after subarachnoid haemorrhage.

PURPOSE: The triple-H therapy is widely used for cerebral vasospasm (CV) prevention and treatment in patients after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). However, this practice is based on low level evidence. Aim of this study was to evaluate errors in fluid administration, fluid balance monitoring and bedside charts completeness during a trial of triple-H therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An audit of the SAH patient charts was performed. A total of 508 fluid measurements were performed in 41 patients (6 with delayed cerebral ischaemia; DCI) during 14 days of observation. RESULTS: Underestimating for intravenous drugs was the most frequent error (80.6%; 112), resulting in a false positive fluid balance in 2.4% of estimations. In 38.6% of the negative fluid balance cases, the physicians did not order additional fluids for the next 24h. In spite of that, the fluid intake was significantly increased after DCI diagnosis. The mean and median intake values were 3.5 and 3.8l/24h respectively, although 40% of the fluid balances were negative. The positive to negative fluid balance ratio was decreasing in the course of the 14 day observation. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed inconsistencies in the fluid orders as well as mistakes in the fluid monitoring, which illustrates the difficulties of fluid therapy and reinforces the need for strong evidence-based guidelines for hypervolemic therapy in SAH.

Effectiveness of antazoline versus amiodarone, flecainide and propafenone in restoring sinus rhythm at the emergency department.

PURPOSE: Little is known about the effectiveness of pharmacological cardioversion (PCV) with antazoline in comparison to flecainide. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of antazoline in restoring sinus rhythm (SR) versus amiodarone, flecainide and propafenone in a group of emergency department (ED) patients. MATERIALS/METHODS: This was a single-centre retrospective analysis of patient records from an ED in a large hospital in Poland. We analysed a total of 1878 patient records, divided based on the anti-arrhythmic drug (AAD) administered during PCV: antazoline (n â€‹= â€‹1080), antazoline â€‹+ â€‹ß-blocker (n â€‹= â€‹479), amiodarone (n â€‹= â€‹129), flecainide (n â€‹= â€‹102), propafenone (n â€‹= â€‹88). Of the patients, 63.5 â€‹% were female (median 65 years, [19-100]). RESULTS: The percentage of successful PCV was significantly higher in the antazoline group (84.3 â€‹%) than in the antazoline â€‹+ â€‹ß-blocker (75.8 â€‹%, p â€‹= â€‹0.0001), propafenone (75.6 â€‹%, p â€‹= â€‹0.0364) and amiodarone (68.8 â€‹%, p â€‹< â€‹0.0001) groups. Post-hoc analysis revealed that patients who received PCV with antazoline, antazoline â€‹+ â€‹ß-blocker, flecainide and propafenone had significantly shorter time to SR than those who received amiodarone (p â€‹< â€‹0.0001). Univariate regression analysis revealed that patients who underwent PCV with antazoline were almost twice as likely to return to SR compared to the other groups (p â€‹< â€‹0.0001, OR 1.81, 95 â€‹% CI 1.44-2.27). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study comparing the effectiveness of antazoline in PCV versus flecainide in addition to the previously studied amiodarone and propafenone. Our results indicate that antazoline is more effective in restoring SR than amiodarone, flecainide and propafenone. In addition, antazoline restored SR significantly faster than amiodarone or propafenone.

[Discontinuation-Emergent Signs and Symptoms Inventory--Polish translation of the discontinuation signs and symptoms checklist]. / Inwentarz objawów odstawienia DESS--polska wersja jezykowa.

A number of preclinical and clinical studies are focused on mechanisms of SSRI discontinuation syndrome as well as the patient populations and agents that are most affected by this phenomenon. Characteristics of onset, duration, and severity of any discontinuation symptoms and spontaneous reports of taper/poststudy-emergent adverse events should be compared with those of the active comparator in these studies. Besides, common clinical practice supplies a number of problems associated with SSRI discontinuation syndrome as related to treatment planning and management. The recommended instrument for evaluating SSRI discontinuation syndrome symptoms is the Discontinuation-Emergent Signs and Symptoms (DESS) inventory. DESS is a 43-item checklist that can be administered in a clinician-rated form, a self-rated form, or an interactive voice-response form. The paper presents the Polish version of DESS inventory along with its application and interpretation instructions. DESS inventory is of substantial advance in common psychiatric practice as it enables effective SSRI discontinuation management on drug tapering and in case of the non-compliance with the treatment. Its use in the systematic studies facilitates conclusive outcome results and is of prime importance as being comparable with literature outcomes.

Does the choice of drug in pharmacologic cardioversion correlate with the guidelines? Systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia, the most common cause of supraventricular tachycardia in the global population and the most common arrhythmia requiring treatment in an emergency department. OBJECTIVES: To systematically review recent literature and quantify the correlation between the choice of pharmacological cardioversion (PCV) drug and the national or international guidelines. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA statement methodology. The PubMed search engine was used to search for articles regardless of type or language and published in the last 6 years (May 2014-May 2020). In addition, we searched for AF guidelines and recommendations published online by cardiology and emergency medicine societies. RESULTS: The search strategy returned a total of 2615 abstracts. A total of 2598 full texts were screened; 2540 full texts were excluded with reasons and 58 articles from 32 countries were included in the analysis. In 17 of the 58 articles (29%), we noted discrepancies with the AF guidelines, specifically regarding the PCV drug used, the patients' comorbidities and the contraindications associated with the PCV drug. The most common clinical situation for the use of a contraindicated drug was when ibutilide was administered to patients with heart failure. The analysis did not reveal any statistically significant correlations, although the correlation between the sample size and guideline adherence was close to statistical significance (p < 0.06). CONCLUSION: Our systematic analysis revealed substantial non-adherence to AF treatment guidelines.

Tianeptine Abuse and Dependence in Psychiatric Patients: A Review of 18 Case Reports in the Literature.

Tianeptine is an atypical antidepressant approved in 25 countries for the treatment of depressive syndromes. Tianeptine abuse among psychiatric patients in the community and at inpatient wards has been increasingly reported in recent years. The purpose of this article is to alert clinicians to tianeptine abuse potential and identify any patterns in the literature. We searched the Academic Search Complete, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, Science Citation Index, Scopus, and the Social Sciences Citation Index for articles published between 1960-2017 in any language containing the keywords: "tianeptine abuse," "tianeptine misuse," "tianeptine dependence." The search retrieved 18 cases. Higher frequency of tianeptine abuse/dependence was observed in women and 30- to 45-year-olds. Most cases (n = 13) reported a previous history of substance abuse. The therapeutic dose of tianeptine was exceeded 110-fold (i.e., up to 4125 mg/day) with a mean of about 1469 mg/day. The most prominent phenomena associated with tianeptine abuse and dependence were marked euphoria and withdrawal symptoms perpetuating further drug misuse. Tianeptine is a drug with potential for abuse and addiction. Caution should be taken when considering the prescription of tianeptine to patients with prior history of substance abuse, and close monitoring for drug misuse is needed during the treatment period.

Towards a new treatment paradigm for ruptured blood blister-like aneurysms of the internal carotid artery? A rapid systematic review.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Owing to their peculiar features and rare occurrence, ruptured blood blister-like aneurysms (BBAs) of the internal carotid artery are challenging by both surgical and endovascular approaches and their proper management is uncertain. We therefore aimed to define the currently optimal treatment of ruptured BBAs in terms of mortality, outcome, rebleeding, and recurrence. METHOD: An in-depth search of electronic databases, gray literature and internet resources for ruptured BBAs was performed and complemented by data retrieval during neurosurgical congresses. Clinical and radiological characteristics, intervention details, outcomes, and the impact factor of the source journal were pooled. RESULTS: The pooled cohort comprised 311 patients. Neither surgical nor endovascular methods had an impact on clinical outcome, aneurysm regrowth, remote bleeding, or complication rate. By contrast, aneurysm clipping was a predictor of intraoperative bleeding (OR 6.5; 95% CI 1.2 to 34.3), and stent-assisted coiling increased the likelihood of a second treatment (OR 4.1; 95% CI 1.3 to 13.1), its conversion to another modality (OR 4.7; 95% CI 1.4 to 16.0), and incomplete aneurysm obliteration (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.0 to 6.6). Higher impact journals were more likely to publish papers on endovascular techniques, particularly flow-diverter stents. CONCLUSIONS: None of the methods is unequivocally superior. Considering its inefficiency, stent-assisted coiling should be undertaken with caution. A time-delimited systematic review is needed to establish the most accurate treatment for ruptured BBAs.

Pediatric catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: descriptive analysis of 45 patients from the "CAPS Registry".

Given the lack of information about catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in pediatric patients, the objective of the current study was to describe the clinical characteristics, laboratory features, treatment, and outcome of pediatric patients with catastrophic APS and compare them with the adult patients with catastrophic APS. We identified patients who were under 18years of age at time of catastrophic APS diagnosis included in the international registry of patients with catastrophic APS (CAPS Registry). Their main demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory features, treatment, and outcome were described and compared with those of adult patients with catastrophic APS. From the 446 patients included in the CAPS Registry as of May 2013, 45 (10.3%) patients developed 46 catastrophic events before 18years of age (one patient presented two episodes). Overall, 32 (71.1%) patients were female and the mean age was 11.5±4.6years (range, 3months-18years). A total of 31 (68.9%) patients suffered from primary APS and 13 (28.9%) from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The main differences between the two groups of patients were the higher prevalence of infections as precipitating factor for catastrophic event in the pediatric population (60.9% versus 26.8% in the adult population, p<0.001) and of peripheral vessel thrombosis (52.2% versus 34.3%, p=0.017). In addition, catastrophic APS was the first manifestation of APS more frequently in pediatric patients (86.6% versus 45.2%, p<0.001). Interestingly, pediatric patients showed a trend of lower mortality, although the difference was not statistically significant (26.1% versus 40.2%; odds ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 0.96-3.79; p=0.063). No differences were found neither in the laboratory features nor in the isolated or combination treatments between groups. Catastrophic APS in pediatric patients is a rare disease. There are minimal differences in the clinical and laboratory features, treatment, and outcome of pediatric and adult catastrophic APS patients.