The relationship between socioeconomic status and nutritional status of pregnant women in temporary shelter, Talise, Palu.

OBJECTIVE: One of the indicators in measuring the nutritional status of a particular community is the nutritional status of pregnant women. A nutritional deficiency occurs if nutritional input for pregnant women from food is not balanced with their body's needs. Several determinants are related to nutritional status. This study aimed to determine the relationship between socioeconomic and nutritional status of pregnant women in temporary shelter, Talise, Palu. METHODS: This research was a quantitative observational study with a cross-sectional study approach. Sampling was done by random sampling technique, which obtained 85 pregnant women. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. RESULTS: Based on the Chi-Square test, p-value=0.001, which means that difference between socioeconomic status and nutritional status in pregnant women was significant (p<0.05). Variable of parity factor that was at risk and no risk in pregnant women showed p-value=0.030 and p-value=0.048. Additionally, the variable of pregnancy gap factor that was at risk and no risk in pregnant women showed p=0.070 and p=0.159. In addition, infectious disease factor that was at risk and no risk in pregnant women showed p-value=0.017 and p-value=0.027. Last but not least, implementation of ANC variable that was in line with standards and not in line with standards in pregnant women showed p-value=0.019 and p=0.043. CONCLUSION: Based on the Chi-Square test calculation, p-value=0.001, which indicates a significant value between socioeconomic status and nutritional status in pregnant women (p<0.05).

An overview of the implementation of the continuity of care model in maternal health services: A literature review.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the implementation of continuity of care model in maternal health services starting from pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium. METHODS: Literature is obtained from online journal databases, namely PubMed, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect, and other related sources, systematically from 2012 to 2019. RESULTS: Sixteen articles on the implementation of the continuity of care model of antenatal, intranatal, and postnatal care were described by demographic characteristics, scope, and impact. Barriers and facilitators for three categories include process, communication, information and education, organization and human resources, caseload, burnout, psychological, expectation, and satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The continuity of care model is useful for developing sustainability settings in all maternal health services. The practical implication is the feasibility of a midwife-led continuity of care model to avoid service dropouts. The quality of service is determined by the psychological comfort of women. Further considerations, need to include collaboration in this model.

Effect of Moringa oleifera supplementation during pregnancy on the prevention of stunted growth in children between the ages of 36 to 42 months.

BACKGROUND: The government has made provisions to improve the nutrition of stunted children under the age of five nationally by providing iron folic acid (IFA) tablet since conception. However, these drugs were not able to reduce the incidence of stunted growth. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of moringa intervention during pregnancy on the incidence of stunted growth in children between the ages of 36 to 42 months. DESIGN AND METHODS: This study is a follow-up to an experimental RCT-DB study during pregnancy. The interventions given were PG (Moringa Flour), EG (Moringa Extract) and IG (IFA) which was used as control. RESULTS: The highest number of children that had stunted growth after taking the PG by IG and EG extracts were 66 (41.5%), 53 (33.3%) and 40 (25.2%), respectively. The stunted risk factor analysis did not show a significant relationship to the stunted incidence. Furthermore, the consumption and dietary patterns of children were based on only fat consumption which was associated with stunted incidence (p<0.05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that the EG extract was effective in reducing the incidence of stunted growth (p<0.005) and as a protective factor of 0.431 times the incidence of stunted growth (LL-UL=0.246-0.754). CONCLUSIONS: The administration of Moringa oleifera extract during pregnancy prevents the incidence of stunted growth in children.

Effect of education through video and packaging modifications of iron tablets on female adolescent behavior in the iron supplementation intake in SMPN 2 and SMPN 1 Parigi.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to reveal the effect of providing education by video and modification of iron tablet packaging on young women's behaviour in the iron supplementation intake in SMPN 2 and SMPN 1 - Parigi. METHODS: This research was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control group design along with stratified random sampling, which was SMPN 2 Parigi as an Intervention group and SMPN 1 Parigi as a control group. The total sample of 62 respondents in each group. RESULT: In the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test analysis, the Intervention group (video+modification of iron tablet packaging) valued p=0.001 <0.05. It means that there were differences in female students' knowledge, attitudes, and intentions in the pretest-posttest, while in the control group (video) obtained p-value=0.001 <0.05, which showed differences in knowledge, attitudes, and intentions of female students in the pretest-posttest. CONCLUSION: The development of educational media for iron tablet intake through the video along packaging modification of iron tablet contributed a significant effect on the knowledge, attitudes, and intentions of young women in the iron supplementation intake.

Effect of varash oil to decrease menstrual pain in primary dysmenorrhea of senior high school student at Palu City.

OBJECTIVE: menstrual pain is a common gynecological symptom at women on or near their menstrual period. Two third of them experienced moderate to severe pain. However, just several seek for medical help. This research aims to know the effect of ginger oil used on decreasing menstrual pain scale. MATERIALS AND METHODS: this cross over experimental study was held from February until May 2020 on 64 grade XI high school students at Palu city. Participants were grouping cluster randomly into group A which applied 5ml ginger oil five days before until the second day of the first menstrual period, and group B that given the same treatment in the next period. A visual pain scale measured the pain scale on the second day of the menstrual period. RESULT: most participants were in the age of 17 years old. The study found a lowering of pain scale significantly at both groups after treatment. The main menstrual pain scale were 6.87 ± 1.817 and 6.46±1.362 decreased to 3.48±1.928 and 4.24±2.010 after treatment (p=0.0001). Differences between the two groups were significant in the first period (p=0.0001) but not significant in the second period (p=0.410). CONCLUSION: the use of ginger oil several days before menstruation can reduce menstrual pain scale on students with primary dysmenorrhea; therefore, its use can be recommended to prevent the pain.

Dietary diversity, dietary patterns and dietary intake are associated with stunted children in Jeneponto District, Indonesia.

OBJECTIVE: The most influence of occurrence children stunted are those related to food, both in terms of quantity and quality. The aim of this study is seeing of the relationship between dietary diversity, dietary pattern and dietary intake for children stunted. METHODS: This study is a follow up of the previous study of nutrition interventions in children, where the total sample size children was 340 measured the dietary intake with 24-hour recall. The dietary diversity and dietary patterns was measured by the FFQ (Food Frequency Questioner) form for children. RESULTS: The results showed that a lack of energy intake associated with children stunted was 132 (44.9%) (p=0.050), and lacked fat intake was 125 (45.6%) (p<0.050). For the dietary diversity there is a relationship with stunted at a mean value of 7.51±0.87 (p<0.050). As for the dietary pattern, there is a relationship between insufficient of consumption nuts and stunted (p=0.019) and foods containing sugar (p=0.050) also, namely 135 (45.3%) and 103 (43.8%). CONCLUSION: Stunting in children is related to the quality and quantity of food.

Risk factors for asphyxia neonatorum in public health centres of nosarara and pantoloan, Palu City.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the risk factors of asphyxia neonatorum in two PONED Public Health Centers of Nosarara and Pantoloan, in Palu City, Central Sulawesi. METHODS: This study used a case-control study design. Sampling was conducted by a simple random sampling technique. The sample size in this study was 60 samples. The data collected was secondary data from medical records at Nosarara and Patoloan Public Health Centers, Palu City. Multivariate analysis used to determine the main risk of the incidence of neonatal asphyxia. RESULTS: The results showed the Prolong Parturition OR=5.714 (95% CI 1.724-18.944); Prematurity OR=4.333 (95% CI 1.203-15.605); LBW OR=7.000 (95% CI 1.381-35.487). CONCLUSION: risk factors for neonatal asphyxia were prolonged labour, prematurity, and LBW. The main factors causing neonatal asphyxia were LBW.

Risk factors of anemia among pregnant women in community health center (Puskesmas) Singgani and Puskesmas Tipo Palu.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to describe the risk factors of anemia among pregnant women. METHOD: We used an observational analytic study with a matched case-control study design. The sampling method used in this study is a simple random sampling technique. The sample size in this study is 138 samples that consist of 46 cases and 92 controls. The data obtained from patient medical records and analyzed statistically using the chi-square test. RESULTS: Nutritional status is a risk factor of anemia among pregnant women in Community Health Center (Puskesmas) Singgani and Puskesmas Tipo. The risk of pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency (CED) developing anemia is higher in Puskesmas Singgani compared to in Puskesmas Tipo. CONCLUSION: Prevention can be done by counseling the bride and groom about pregnancy preparation and counseling the pregnant women to pay attention to the nutritional intake, particularly the consumption of folic acid supplements and iron.

The effect of balanced counseling strategy family planning against attitude, subjective norm, and intentions on the use of modern contraception behavior in the Singgani Public Health Center work area of Palu city.

OBJECTIVE: There is a declining trend in the use of modern contraception in the community. The stagnation of family planning services is due to the lack of optimal family planning counseling. Family Planning Balanced Counseling Strategy (FP-BCS) is a family planning counseling that is practical, interactive, and encourages client participation. This study aimed to analyze the influence of the FP-BCS on attitudes, subjective norms, and intentions on modern contraception in the working area of Singgani Health Center, Palu, Indonesia. METHOD: This research was a quasi-experimental with non-randomized pretest-posttest along to control group design. The sample of the study was third-trimester pregnant women who did antenatal care in the working area of the Singgani Community Health Center. The total sample was 17 respondents for each group; intervention group (treated by Maternal and Child Health (MCH) book and FP-BCS) and control group (treated by MCH Book without FP-BCS). The influence of FP-BCS toward attitudes, subjective norms, and intentions on modern contraception was statistically analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, McNemar, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-Square. RESULT: The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and McNemar analysis on the intervention group showed an increase in attitude (p=0.000), subjective norms (p=0.000), and intention (p=0.000). The control group showed an increase in intention (0.031), subjective norms (p=0.005), but there was no increase in attitude (p=0.081). The Mann-Whitney and Chi-Square analysis showed differences in attitudes (p=0.000), subjective norms (p=0.021), and intentions (p=0.010) between groups, which were given an FP-BSC and those not given an FP-BCS. CONCLUSION: All in all, it is expected that Family Planning-Balanced Counseling Strategy will be an option in providing family planning counseling.

Zinc Deficiency and Inadequate Zinc Intake among Postpartum Women in Coastal Area of Makassar, Indonesia.

Zinc deficiency was common among women, which mainly determined by adequacy of zinc intake, type of zinc compound in the diet, and presence of inhibitors of zinc absorption. This study aimed to assess the zinc status and zinc intake among postpartum women. A cross-sectional study was conducted in three community health centres located in coastal area of Makassar, Indonesia. Eighty-seven women participated in the study. A short Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency for zinc sources was used to collect dietary data. Venous bloods were drawn from all woman and serum zinc concentrations were measured using QuantiChromTM Zinc Assay Kit (DIZN-250). Pearson correlation tests were undertaken to investigate relationship between zinc intake, phytate intake, and serum zinc concentration. All women were zinc-deficient (<66 mcg/dL) and 21.8% respondents had inadequate zinc intake. The average zinc intake was 15.9 mg/d with rice and legumes were the main contributors to zinc intake (54.10% and 11.33%, respectively). The average phytate intake was 6.5 gram/d, also with rice and legumes as the main contributors (63.30% and 14.97%, respectively). No significant association was observed between zinc intake and serum zinc concentration as well as between phytate intake and serum zinc concentration (r=0.063; p=0.053 and r=0.150; p=0.165, respectively). Postpartum women in coastal area of Makassar were zinc deficient and had low intake of zinc. The main dietary zinc sources were mainly plant source foods which have low bioavailability and high phytate content.