The impact of interventions in the global land and agri-food sectors on Nature's Contributions to People and the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

Interlocked challenges of climate change, biodiversity loss, and land degradation require transformative interventions in the land management and food production sectors to reduce carbon emissions, strengthen adaptive capacity, and increase food security. However, deciding which interventions to pursue and understanding their relative co-benefits with and trade-offs against different social and environmental goals have been difficult without comparisons across a range of possible actions. This study examined 40 different options, implemented through land management, value chains, or risk management, for their relative impacts across 18 Nature's Contributions to People (NCPs) and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We find that a relatively small number of interventions show positive synergies with both SDGs and NCPs with no significant adverse trade-offs; these include improved cropland management, improved grazing land management, improved livestock management, agroforestry, integrated water management, increased soil organic carbon content, reduced soil erosion, salinization, and compaction, fire management, reduced landslides and hazards, reduced pollution, reduced post-harvest losses, improved energy use in food systems, and disaster risk management. Several interventions show potentially significant negative impacts on both SDGs and NCPs; these include bioenergy and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, afforestation, and some risk sharing measures, like commercial crop insurance. Our results demonstrate that a better understanding of co-benefits and trade-offs of different policy approaches can help decision-makers choose the more effective, or at the very minimum, more benign interventions for implementation.

Which practices co-deliver food security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and combat land degradation and desertification?

There is a clear need for transformative change in the land management and food production sectors to address the global land challenges of climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, combatting land degradation and desertification, and delivering food security (referred to hereafter as "land challenges"). We assess the potential for 40 practices to address these land challenges and find that: Nine options deliver medium to large benefits for all four land challenges. A further two options have no global estimates for adaptation, but have medium to large benefits for all other land challenges. Five options have large mitigation potential (>3 Gt CO2 eq/year) without adverse impacts on the other land challenges. Five options have moderate mitigation potential, with no adverse impacts on the other land challenges. Sixteen practices have large adaptation potential (>25 million people benefit), without adverse side effects on other land challenges. Most practices can be applied without competing for available land. However, seven options could result in competition for land. A large number of practices do not require dedicated land, including several land management options, all value chain options, and all risk management options. Four options could greatly increase competition for land if applied at a large scale, though the impact is scale and context specific, highlighting the need for safeguards to ensure that expansion of land for mitigation does not impact natural systems and food security. A number of practices, such as increased food productivity, dietary change and reduced food loss and waste, can reduce demand for land conversion, thereby potentially freeing-up land and creating opportunities for enhanced implementation of other practices, making them important components of portfolios of practices to address the combined land challenges.

Oxamic acid analogues as LDH-C4-specific competitive inhibitors.

We performed kinetic studies to determine whether oxamate analogues are selective inhibitors of LDH-C4, owing to their potential usefulness in fertility control and treatment of some cancers. These substances were shown to be competitive inhibitors of LDH isozymes and are able to discriminate among subtle differences that differentiate the active sites of LDH-A4, LDH-B4 and LDH-C4. N-Ethyl oxamate was the most potent inhibitor showing the highest affinity for LDH-C4. However, N-propyl oxamate was the most selective inhibitor showing a high degree of selectivity towards LDH-C4. Non-polar four carbon atoms chains, linear or branched, dramatically diminished the affinity and selectivity towards LDH-C4. N-Propyl oxamate significantly reduced ATP levels, capacitation and mouse sperm motility, in line with results shown by others, suggesting that LDH-C4 plays an essential role in mouse fertility.

Búsqueda de rotavirus en muestras fecales resuspendidas en medio de transporte utilizado para el diagnóstico bacteriológico / Rotaviruses search in rectal samples placed on transport medium for bacteriological diagnosis

Rutinariamente el diagnóstico de gastroenteritis en niños hospitalizados no incluye la búsqueda de rotavirus como agente causal. Para el examen bacteriológico se utiliza una muestra de hisopo rectal colocada en medio de transporte, la cual podría servir también, para la búsqueda de rotavirus. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la presencia de rotavirus en 105 muestras de hisopos rectales resuspendidos en medio de transporte de Stuart, provenientes de pacientes menores de 5 años de edad, hospitalizados con un cuadro gastrointestinal en el Hospital General Regional 25 del IMSS. Estas muestras previamente fueron reportadas como negativas para agentes causales de diarrea, a excepción de una, que fue positiva para Vibrio Cholerae. A las 105 Muestras se les realizó la extracción del RNA viral y se analizaron por electroforesis en geles de poliacrilamida al 10 por ciento. Se detectaron 28 positivas para rotavirus, de las cuales 26 presentaron un patrón electroforético de tipo largo y 2 de tipo corto. La distribución de los segmentos de RNA en grupos de 4, 2, 3 y 2 bandas, sugiere que en todos los casos se trata de rotavirus del grupo A. Estos resultados muestran que es posible detectar la presencia de rotavirus, utilizando la misma muestra que se toma para el diagnóstico bacteriológico y que el genoma viral presente en la muestra puede conservarse en congeladores de tipo doméstico por periodos prolongados, lo cual es muy conveniente en la realización de estudios epidemiológicos