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1.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 30(7): 1430-1433, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38916601

RESUMEN

We calculated attack rates for household contacts of COVID-19 patients during the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2-dominant period in Japan. Attack rates among household contacts without recent (<3 months) vaccination was lower for contacts of index patients with complete vaccination than for contacts of index patients without complete vaccination, demonstrating indirect vaccine effectiveness.


Asunto(s)
Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Composición Familiar , SARS-CoV-2 , Eficacia de las Vacunas , Humanos , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/epidemiología , Japón/epidemiología , SARS-CoV-2/inmunología , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/inmunología , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , Vacunación , Trazado de Contacto , Masculino , Femenino
2.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 29(3): 595-598, 2023 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36787734

RESUMEN

The mean virus incubation period during the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5-dominant period in Japan was 2.6 (95% CI 2.5-2.8) days, which was less than during the Delta-dominant period. Incubation period correlated with shared meals and adult infectors. A shorter incubation suggests a shorter quarantine period for BA.5 than for other variants.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Adulto , Humanos , Japón , SARS-CoV-2 , Periodo de Incubación de Enfermedades Infecciosas , Cuarentena
3.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 640: 192-201, 2023 01 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36521425

RESUMEN

Follicular neoplasms of the thyroid include follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA). However, the differences in cytological findings between FTC and FTA remain undetermined. Here, we aimed to evaluate the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) and the expression of adipophilin (perilipin 2/ADRP/ADFP), a known LD marker, in cultured FTC cells. We also immunohistochemically compared adipophilin expression in the FTC and FTA of resected human thyroid tissues. Cultured FTC (FTC-133 and RO82W-1) possessed increased populations of LDs compared to thyroid follicular epithelial (Nthy-ori 3-1) cells. In vitro treatment with phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling inhibitors (LY294002, MK2206, and rapamycin) in FTC-133 cells downregulated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) signaling pathway, resulting in a significant reduction in LD accumulation. SREBP1 is a master transcription factor that controls lipid metabolism. Fluorescence immunocytochemistry revealed adipophilin expression in the LDs of FTC-133 cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of surgically resected human thyroid tissues revealed significantly increased expression of adipophilin in FTC compared with FTA and adjacent non-tumorous thyroid epithelia. Taken together, LDs and adipophilin were abundant in cultured FTC; the evaluation of adipophilin expression can help distinguish FTC from FTA in surgical specimens.


Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma Folicular , Neoplasias de la Tiroides , Humanos , Adenocarcinoma Folicular/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma Folicular/patología , Gotas Lipídicas/metabolismo , Perilipina-2 , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasa/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo
4.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi ; 70(6): 390-399, 2023 Jun 24.
Artículo en Japonés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36908155

RESUMEN

Objective We examined the effectiveness of governmental declarations on the changing temporal trends in the incidence of COVID-19 cases with unknown transmission routes (unlinked cases) before SARS-CoV-2 vaccines became available in Osaka.Methods Seven-day moving averages of the incidence of unlinked COVID-19 cases were calculated using daily reports posted on the official website of the Osaka Prefectural Government for the third (October 10, 2020-February 28, 2021) and fourth COVID-19 waves and about one week before and after (February 23, 2021-June 27, 2021). Then, we calculated daily percentage changes and identified dates of significant change ("Joinpoint") with a Joinpoint regression analysis. The date of a major change in the behavior of prefectural residents associated with the risk of infection (the date of a sudden change in behavior) was defined as the date counting backward from each Joinpoint date and considering the incubation period and interval between the date of onset and disclosure of the daily report. Subsequently, we examined the temporal relationships between the declaration date and defined date of the sudden change in behavior associated with the risk of infection.Results Five Joinpoint dates contributing to a significant downward trend were identified: November 23, 2020, and in 2021, January 7, January 18, April 12, and April 30. We defined dates of sudden changes in behavior from each Joinpoint date from the corresponding time lag (8 to 9.9 days): in 2020, November 13 and December 30; in 2021, January 9, April 4, and April 22. Regarding the five estimated dates, the second emergency declaration was issued on January 9, 2021. Further, the first introduction of priority preventive measures was given on April 4, 2021. April 22 fell between the date that the third emergency declaration was requested and the date of its issuance.Conclusion These descriptive epidemiological findings suggest that the issuance of these declarations could be triggers that reinforced infection avoidance behavior among Osaka prefectural residents, which resulted in the downward trends in unlinked COVID-19 cases.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , SARS-CoV-2 , Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , Incidencia
5.
J Microsc ; 288(2): 117-129, 2022 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34028848

RESUMEN

We improved the three-dimensional spatial resolution of laser scanning transmission microscopy by exploiting the saturated absorption of dye molecules. The saturated absorption is induced by the high-intensity light irradiation and localises the signal within the centre of the focal spot. Our numerical calculation indicates that the spatial resolution in transmission imaging is significantly improved for both lateral and axial directions using nonlinear transmitted signals induced by saturated absorption. We experimentally demonstrated the improvement of the three-dimensional resolution by observing fine structures of stained rat kidney tissues, which were not able to be visualised by conventional laser scanning transmission microscopy.


Confocal laser scanning microscopy is a powerful technique for three-dimensional imaging to study structures in a specimen. The use of confocal pinhole provides three-dimensional spatial resolution in various types of optical microscopes, such as fluorescence, reflection and scattering. However, in transmission microscopy, the confocal pinhole cannot provide the same effect because the spatial information on the optical axial is not transferred in the imaging system. Therefore, the three-dimensional distribution of light absorbers cannot be observed by laser scanning transmission microscopy. In this paper, we propose the use of saturated absorption to image the three-dimensional distribution of light absorbers in a sample by laser scanning transmission microscopy. The saturated absorption is induced by the high-intensity light irradiation and occurs prominently at the centre of a focal spot. The information of the saturated absorption signal within the focal spot is transferred to the transmitted light, providing the capability of optical sectioning in transmission imaging. In our research, we theoretically and experimentally confirmed that light absorption by dye molecules is saturable at the high illumination intensity, and the saturated absorption signal can be extracted by harmonic demodulation. We obtained the images of a stained rat kidney tissue by selectively detecting the nonlinear transmission signals induced by saturable absorption of the dye molecules. We confirmed the high depth discrimination capability of our technique clearly visualised the fine structures in the specimen that cannot be observed by a conventional laser scanning absorption microscope.


Asunto(s)
Rayos Láser , Animales , Ratas , Fenómenos Químicos , Microscopía Confocal
6.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(12)2022 Jun 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35742921

RESUMEN

5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a natural amino acid and a precursor of heme and chlorophyll. Exogenously administered 5-ALA is metabolized into protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). PpIX accumulates in cancer cells because of the low activity of ferrochelatase, an enzyme that metabolizes PpIX to heme. High expression of 5-ALA influx transporters, such as peptide transporters 1/2, in cancer cells also enhances PpIX production. Because PpIX radiates red fluorescence when excited with blue/violet light, 5-ALA has been used for the visualization of various tumors. 5-ALA photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) has been shown to improve the tumor removal rate in high-grade gliomas and non-muscular invasive bladder cancers. However, 5-ALA PDD remains a challenge as a diagnostic method because tissue autofluorescence interferes with PpIX signals in cases where tumors emit only weak signals, and non-tumorous lesions, such as inflammatory sites, tend to emit PpIX fluorescence. Here, we review the current outline of 5-ALA PDD and strategies for improving its diagnostic applicability for tumor detection, focusing on optical techniques and 5-ALA metabolic pathways in both viable and necrotic tumor tissues.


Asunto(s)
Glioma , Fotoquimioterapia , Ácido Aminolevulínico/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Fluorescencia , Glioma/tratamiento farmacológico , Hemo/metabolismo , Humanos , Imagen Óptica , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Protoporfirinas/metabolismo , Radiofármacos
7.
J Epidemiol ; 31(12): 660-668, 2021 12 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32963210

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The Japan Multi-institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) study was launched in 2005 to examine gene-environment interactions in lifestyle-related diseases, including cancers, among the Japanese. This report describes the study design and baseline profile of the study participants. METHODS: The participants of the J-MICC Study were individuals aged 35 to 69 years enrolled from respondents to study announcements in specified regions, inhabitants attending health checkup examinations provided by local governments, visitors at health checkup centers, and first-visit patients at a cancer hospital in Japan. At the time of the baseline survey, from 2005 to 2014, we obtained comprehensive information regarding demographics, education, alcohol consumption, smoking, sleeping, exercise, food intake frequency, medication and supplement use, personal and family disease history, psychological stress, and female reproductive history and collected peripheral blood samples. RESULTS: The baseline survey included 92,610 adults (mean age: 55.2 [standard deviation, 9.4] years, 44.1% men) from 14 study regions in 12 prefectures. The participation rate was 33.5%, with participation ranging from 19.7% to 69.8% in different study regions. The largest number of participants was in the age groups of 65-69 years for men and 60-64 years for women. There were differences in body mass index, educational attainment, alcohol consumption, smoking, and sleep duration between men and women. CONCLUSIONS: The J-MICC Study collected lifestyle and clinical data and biospecimens from over 90,000 participants. This cohort is expected to be a valuable resource for the national and international scientific community in providing evidence to support longer healthy lives.


Asunto(s)
Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Estilo de Vida , Adulto , Anciano , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
8.
Int J Mol Sci ; 22(18)2021 Sep 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34576284

RESUMEN

5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence is widely used for the intraoperative detection of malignant tumors. However, the fluorescence emission profiles of the accompanying necrotic regions of these tumors have yet to be determined. To address this, we performed fluorescence and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses of necrotic tissues of squamous cancer after 5-ALA administration. In resected human lymph nodes of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, we found a fluorescence peak at approximately 620 nm in necrotic lesions, which was distinct from the PpIX fluorescence peak at 635 nm for viable cancer lesions. Necrotic lesions obtained from a subcutaneous xenograft model of human B88 oral squamous cancer also emitted the characteristic fluorescence peak at 620 nm after light irradiation: the fluorescence intensity ratio (620 nm/635 nm) increased with the energy of the irradiation light. HPLC analysis revealed a high content ratio of uroporphyrin I (UPI)/total porphyrins in the necrotic cores of murine tumors, indicating that UPI is responsible for the 620 nm peak. UPI accumulation in necrotic tissues after 5-ALA administration was possibly due to the failure of the heme biosynthetic pathway. Taken together, fluorescence imaging of UPI after 5-ALA administration may be applicable for the evaluation of tumor necrosis.


Asunto(s)
Ácido Aminolevulínico/administración & dosificación , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Uroporfirinas/metabolismo , Anciano , Ácido Aminolevulínico/uso terapéutico , Animales , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Línea Celular Tumoral , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Neoplasias Esofágicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos Biológicos , Necrosis , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia
9.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi ; 68(8): 550-558, 2021 Aug 11.
Artículo en Japonés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33994491

RESUMEN

Objectives There is little evidence supporting the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from presymptomatic or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals in Japan, where the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection is lower than that in other developed countries. This study aimed to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 transmission can occur from presymptomatic or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals.Methods We surveyed all directors of Japanese public health centers for index cases and secondary patients who possibly contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection from a presymptomatic or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected individual who came under their care before June 20, 2020. The professional staff at the centers routinely perform contact tracing of infected persons based on the guidelines of the Infection Control Act. Four authors independently reviewed reports of 9 index cases of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals with 17 secondary patients from 8 prefectures and examined the cases to determine whether transmission from a SARS-CoV-2-infected individual in the presymptomatic or asymptomatic state occurred.Results We reported 7 index cases with 13 secondary patients. 1) An elderly woman acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection from her sustained asymptomatic granddaughter at home, 2) 4 guests and 1 accompanying child waiting at a hair salon acquired infection from the presymptomatic female hair stylist, 3) 2 inpatients acquired infection from a presymptomatic nurse while providing nursing care in close contact, 4) an elderly couple acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection from their presymptomatic relative who was in the 50s during household care at their home, 5) a man acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection from a presymptomatic adult neighbor in an enclosed space with poor ventilation, 6) a presymptomatic man had transmitted infection to another man at a coffee shop while having a discussion on business, and 7) a man in his 50s acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection from a presymptomatic man during 50 minutes of close contact at their office and in a car. These secondary patients had no other likely routes of infection. The interval between the date of symptom onset in the presymptomatic index case and the secondary patient ranged from 2 to 6 days. The incidence rates at the time these infections occurred in the corresponding prefectures ranged from 0.00 to 6.56 cases/1 million person-days.Conclusion We report the first case of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from a sustained asymptomatic index case in Japan. All secondary patients came into close contact with presymptomatic index cases in areas with poor ventilation.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Asintomáticas/epidemiología , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/transmisión , Portador Sano/epidemiología , Portador Sano/transmisión , Trazado de Contacto , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Periodo de Incubación de Enfermedades Infecciosas , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven
10.
Gastric Cancer ; 23(4): 725-733, 2020 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32048096

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has been utilized for cancer diagnosis as a fluorescence probe. We have reported the feasibility of 5-ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence for detecting lymph node (LN) metastasis in gastrointestinal malignancies. However, a major barrier to the fluorescence diagnosis has been that the evaluation has been highly dependent on the observers. In this study, we examined the validity of a developed device for automated detection without subjectivity. METHODS: Gastric cancer patients who received oral administration of 5-ALA (20 mg/kg) prior to surgery were enrolled. For a total of 323 LNs obtained from 64 patients, the diagnostic results of the device were compared to those of conventional histopathological examination based on hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained slides. The accuracy with the device was compared to that of stereoscopic detection with conventional fluorescence microscopy for 211 LNs from 42 patients. We used two types of image processing that we previously developed to eliminate autofluorescence of background tissues: differential and ratio methods. RESULTS: For detection of metastasis in 323 LNs, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves with the differential method and ratio method were 0.921 and 0.909, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy with the differential method were 78.0%, 96.8%, and 94.4%; while those with the ratio method were 78.0%, 96.1%, and 93.8%, respectively. In 211 LN analysis, the diagnostic accuracy with the device was comparable to that of stereoscopic examination. CONCLUSION: Our device for automated detection of LN metastasis using 5-ALA can be a useful tool for intraoperative diagnosis.


Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/secundario , Ácido Aminolevulínico/administración & dosificación , Colorantes Fluorescentes/química , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/administración & dosificación , Protoporfirinas/química , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos
12.
Gastric Cancer ; 21(3): 573-577, 2018 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28875341

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic findings have now become nearly as detailed as histopathological findings. Thus, one-to-one correspondence and precise feedback of histopathological findings is very desirable but may be very difficult to accomplish. We describe a systematic process called the Kyoto One-to-One Correspondence Method (the KOTO Method) that allows detailed adjustments of endoscopic findings to match histopathological findings. METHODS AND RESULTS: By comparing endoscopic and stereoscopic images of the gastric mucosa, we could obtain one-to-one correspondence between endoscopic images and equivalent histology in 44 of 47 fields. CONCLUSIONS: The histological structure of gastric cancers of the same histological subtype may not be similar. One-to-one correspondence between endoscopic images and gastric mucosal histology (histopathology-oriented correspondence) will improve endoscopic diagnosis and provide more useful information for pathological diagnosis.


Asunto(s)
Citodiagnóstico/métodos , Endoscopía , Interpretación de Imagen Asistida por Computador/métodos , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos
13.
J Epidemiol ; 28(2): 75-80, 2018 Feb 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29109365

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Medical circumstances in Japanese patients with cancer of the corpus uteri have greatly changed since the late 1990s, including the introduction of concomitant therapy with taxane and platinum. We evaluated changes in survival rates for this cancer following these advances by analyzing data from population-based cancer registries in Japan. METHODS: Data were available for 8562 cases of cancer of the corpus uteri from six prefectural cancer registries. We defined the two periods of 1993-2000 (1st period) and 2001-2006 (2nd period). Relative survival (RS) in each period was calculated to assess changes using an excess mortality model, with adjustment for age group (15-54, 55-69, and 70-99 years), extent of disease (localized, regional, and distant), and histological subtype. RESULTS: Overall 5-year RS improved from 77.7% in the 1st period to 80.2% in the 2nd period, with an excess hazard ratio (EHR) of 0.785 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.705-0.873). Five-year RS significantly improved in the group aged 55-69 years, in all groups by extent of disease, and in the endometrioid adenocarcinoma group. In particular, 5-year RS significantly improved in patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma, from 84.5% to 89.7%, with an EHR of 0.698 (95% CI, 0.560-0.870). CONCLUSION: Overall 5-year RS for cancer of the corpus uteri in Japan improved from the 1990s to early 2000s. These improvements might have been aided by the comprehensive medical development of management for this cancer, including the spread of concomitant therapy with taxane and platinum as a standard adjuvant chemotherapy in the early 2000s.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Uterinas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Uterinas/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sistema de Registros , Tasa de Supervivencia/tendencias , Adulto Joven
14.
J Epidemiol ; 28(10): 420-427, 2018 Oct 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29479003

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Recent improvements in 5-year survival of breast cancer have been reported in Japan and other countries. Though the number of long-term breast cancer survivors has been increasing, recent improvements in 10-year survival have not been reported. Moreover, the degree of improvement according to age and disease stage remains unclear. METHODS: We calculated long-term survival using data on breast cancer diagnosed from 1993 through 2006 from six prefectural population-based cancer registries in Japan. The recent increase in 10-year relative survival was assessed by comparing the results of period analysis in 2002-2006 with the results of cohort analysis in 1993-1997. We also conducted stratified analyses by age group (15-34, 35-49, 50-69, and 70-99 years) and disease stage (localized, regional, and distant). RESULTS: A total of 63,348 patients were analysed. Ten-year relative survival improved by 2.4% (76.9% vs 79.3%) from 1993 through 2006. By age and stage, 10-year relative survival clearly improved in the age 35-49 years (+2.9%; 78.1% vs 81.0%), 50-69 years (+2.8%; 75.2% vs 78.0%) and regional disease (+3.4%; 64.9% vs 68.3%). In contrast, the degree of improvement was small in the age 15-34 years (+0.1%; 68.2% vs 68.3%), 70-99 years (+1.0%; 87.6% vs 88.6%), localized disease (+1.1%; 92.6% vs 93.7%) and distant metastasis (+0.9%; 13.8% vs 14.7%). CONCLUSIONS: These population-based cancer registry data show that 10-year relative survival improved 2.4% over this period in Japan. By age and stage, improvement in the age 15-34 years and distant metastasis was very small, which suggests the need for new therapeutic strategies in these patients.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/mortalidad , Supervivientes de Cáncer/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Análisis de Supervivencia , Adulto Joven
15.
J Epidemiol ; 28(4): 185-193, 2018 04 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29176272

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Although beneficial associations have been reported between moderate alcohol intake and the serum lipid profile, it is unclear whether polymorphisms in alcohol-metabolizing enzymes can modify these associations. Here, we assessed the effects of ADH1B His48Arg (rs1229984), ALDH2 Glu504Lys (rs671), and their combination on these associations. Furthermore, we examined if the findings for ALDH2 could be replicated. METHODS: We categorized 889 male participants in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) Study into two groups based on presence or absence of minor allele(s) or four groups based on genotype combinations. We performed regression analyses of serum lipid concentrations on alcohol intake, with multivariable adjustment. The replication study was conducted among 2,562 men in the Shizuoka part of the J-MICC Study. RESULTS: The ALDH2 Glu/Lys or Lys/Lys groups showed significant decreases in serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol with increasing alcohol consumption; the coefficient per intake increase of 10 g/day was -2.49 mg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI], -3.85 to -1.13), and a significant interaction with the polymorphism was confirmed (P for interaction = 0.006). This inverse correlation was more evident among the ADH1B His/His + ALDH2 Glu/Lys or Lys/Lys groups (-3.24 mg/dL, 95% CI, -5.03 to -1.45). Serum triglycerides were positively associated with alcohol consumption in the ADH1B His/His group (P for interaction = 0.020). The stronger association between serum LDL cholesterol and alcohol consumption in the ALDH2 Glu/Lys or Lys/Lys groups was replicated. CONCLUSIONS: The ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism can modify the association between alcohol intake and serum LDL cholesterol in Japanese men.


Asunto(s)
Alcohol Deshidrogenasa/genética , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/sangre , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/genética , Aldehído Deshidrogenasa Mitocondrial/genética , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangre , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Triglicéridos/sangre , Adulto , Anciano , Alelos , Estudios de Cohortes , Genotipo , Humanos , Japón , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad
16.
Int J Nurs Pract ; 24(4): e12647, 2018 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29573128

RESUMEN

AIMS: To identify the strength of self-efficacy during 12-week smoking cessation therapy (SCT) that consisted of 5 sessions and its association with the success of smoking cessation at the end of SCT. BACKGROUND: Few studies showed to what level self-efficacy should be reinforced to facilitate success in smoking cessation. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: We enrolled 488 smokers who received SCT from 6 Japanese smoking cessation clinics between October 2008 and October 2014. In each smoker, the self-efficacy of quitting smoking was assessed at each session of SCT. The association of the strength of self-efficacy with the success of smoking cessation was investigated by logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, gender, having a present illness, prescription, and nicotine dependence score. RESULTS: The self-efficacy of the 398 abstainers was significantly higher than that of the 90 nonabstainers at the first to fifth sessions of the SCT (P < .001 each). Participants with self-efficacy scores of greater than 60% were significantly more likely to attain abstinence than those with scores of 40% and less. CONCLUSION: During SCT, nurses' counselling to maintain patients' self-efficacy scores of smoking cessation in the range from 61% to 100% may be important for assisting patients in achieving smoking cessation.


Asunto(s)
Autoeficacia , Cese del Hábito de Fumar , Estudios de Cohortes , Consejo , Femenino , Humanos , Japón , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad
17.
Stroke ; 48(2): 253-258, 2017 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28034966

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The prediction of genetic predispositions to ischemic stroke (IS) may allow the identification of individuals at elevated risk and thereby prevent IS in clinical practice. Previously developed weighted multilocus genetic risk scores showed limited predictive ability for IS. Here, we investigated the predictive ability of a newer method, polygenic risk score (polyGRS), based on the idea that a few strong signals, as well as several weaker signals, can be collectively informative to determine IS risk. METHODS: We genotyped 13 214 Japanese individuals with IS and 26 470 controls (derivation samples) and generated both multilocus genetic risk scores and polyGRS, using the same derivation data set. The predictive abilities of each scoring system were then assessed using 2 independent sets of Japanese samples (KyushuU and JPJM data sets). RESULTS: In both validation data sets, polyGRS was shown to be significantly associated with IS, but weighted multilocus genetic risk scores was not. Comparing the highest with the lowest polyGRS quintile, the odds ratios for IS were 1.75 (95% confidence interval, 1.33-2.31) and 1.99 (95% confidence interval, 1.19-3.33) in the KyushuU and JPJM samples, respectively. Using the KyushuU samples, the addition of polyGRS to a nongenetic risk model resulted in a significant improvement of the predictive ability (net reclassification improvement=0.151; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The polyGRS was shown to be superior to weighted multilocus genetic risk scores as an IS prediction model. Thus, together with the nongenetic risk factors, polyGRS will provide valuable information for individual risk assessment and management of modifiable risk factors.


Asunto(s)
Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Isquemia Encefálica/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/genética , Herencia Multifactorial/genética , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/genética , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Isquemia Encefálica/epidemiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/epidemiología , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología
18.
Int J Cancer ; 141(2): 298-308, 2017 07 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28425092

RESUMEN

Consumption of coffee, a popular beverage worldwide, has been associated with lower colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Although CRC exhibits different biological characteristics by anatomical subsite, the possibly heterogeneous impact of coffee on CRC by anatomical subsite has remained unclear. Here, we conducted two case-control studies to examine the association between coffee consumption and CRC risk as well as risk by anatomic subsite among Japanese using data from the Hospital-based Epidemiological Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center I and II (HERPACC-I and II). Subjects were enrolled in HERPACC-I between 1988 and 2000 and in HERPACC-II between 2001 and 2005. Coffee consumption was measured with a self-administered questionnaire. A conditional logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) of CRC with coffee consumption, adjusted for potential confounders of age, smoking, alcohol drinking, red meat intake, BMI, exercise, family history of CRC, and diabetes mellitus history. We estimated summary ORs by pooling study-specific ORs with a fixed effects model. In total, 2,696 CRC cases and 13,480 non-cancer outpatients as controls were included. Overall, compared to non-drinkers, ORs of less than 1 cup/day, 1-2 cups/day and 3 or more cups/day for CRC were 0.88 (95% CI: 0.77-1.00), 0.90 (95% CI: 0.80-1.01) and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.65-0.92), respectively (trend-p = 0.009). Subsite-specific analysis revealed a significant inverse linear trend between coffee consumption and distal colon cancer (p-trend = 0.048), and a tendency toward a lower risk of rectal cancer (p-trend = 0.068). These findings suggest that coffee consumption might impact the prevention of CRC, especially distal colon cancer.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales/epidemiología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Café , Neoplasias Colorrectales/prevención & control , Femenino , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oportunidad Relativa , Factores de Riesgo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
19.
Cancer Sci ; 108(1): 91-100, 2017 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27801961

RESUMEN

Alcohol consumption is an established risk factor, and also a potential prognostic factor, for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). However, little is known about whether the prognostic impact of alcohol consumption differs by treatment method. We evaluated the association between alcohol drinking and survival by treatment method to the primary site in 427 patients with HNSCC treated between 2005 and 2013 at Aichi Cancer Center Central Hospital (Nagoya, Japan). The impact of alcohol on prognosis was measured by multivariable Cox regression analysis adjusted for established prognostic factors. Among all HNSCC patients, the overall survival rate was significantly poorer with increased levels of alcohol consumption in multivariable analysis (trend P = 0.038). Stratification by treatment method and primary site revealed that the impact of drinking was heterogeneous. Among laryngopharyngeal cancer (laryngeal, oropharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal cancer) patients receiving radiotherapy (n = 141), a significant dose-response relationship was observed (trend P = 0.034). In contrast, among laryngopharyngeal cancer patients treated with surgery (n = 80), no obvious impact of alcohol was observed. This heterogeneity in the impact of alcohol between surgery and radiotherapy was significant (for interaction, P = 0.048). Furthermore, among patients with oral cavity cancer treated by surgery, a significant impact of drinking on survival was seen with tongue cancer, but not with non-tongue oral cancer. We observed a significant inverse association between alcohol drinking and prognosis among HNSCC patients, and its impact was heterogeneous by treatment method and primary site.


Asunto(s)
Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/terapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Factores de Confusión Epidemiológicos , Femenino , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/radioterapia , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/cirugía , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Laríngeas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Laríngeas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Laríngeas/cirugía , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Faríngeas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Faríngeas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Faríngeas/cirugía , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Fumar , Resultado del Tratamiento
20.
Cancer Sci ; 108(10): 2079-2087, 2017 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28746796

RESUMEN

The preventive effect of coffee on cancer at different sites has been reported, but the effect on all-sites cancer incidence has not been extensively investigated. We evaluated the association between frequency of coffee consumption and risk of all-sites cancer incidence and mortality among 39 685 men and 43 124 women (age 40-79 years, at baseline), in the Three-Prefecture Cohort Study. The association between frequency of coffee consumption and risk of all-sites cancer incidence and mortality was assessed by a Cox proportional hazards regression model, adjusted for potential confounders. During 411 341 person-years among men and 472 433 person-years among women, a total of 4244 men and 2601 women developed cancer at different sites and a total of 3021 men and 1635 women died of cancer at different sites. We showed an inverse association between frequency of coffee consumption and all-sites cancer incidence in both men and women. Comparing participants who consumed coffee with those who never drank coffee, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidential interval) for all-sites cancer incidence was 0.74 (0.62-0.88) for coffee consumption of ≥5 cups/day in men (P for trend < 0.001) and 0.76 (0.58-1.02) in women (P for trend = 0.020). Coffee consumption frequency was inversely associated with mortality from all-sites cancer. In this population, increasing coffee consumption resulted in a decreased risk of all-sites cancer incidence and mortality.


Asunto(s)
Cafeína/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias/epidemiología , Neoplasias/prevención & control , Adulto , Anciano , Cafeína/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias/mortalidad , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Estudios Prospectivos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
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