Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Autogenous Inlay Graft vs Autogenous Onlay Graft for Anterior Maxillary Horizontal Ridge Augmentation: A Randomized Control Clinical Study.

AIM: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of autogenous onlay and inlay grafts for anterior maxillary horizontal ridge augmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was performed on 14 patients with a deficient partially edentulous anterior maxillary ridge (3-5 mm in width). Patients were randomized and grouped into two equal groups: Group A was treated with symphyseal autogenous bone block, which was placed and fixed buccally as an onlay graft, and group B: was treated with symphyseal autogenous bone block, which was interpositioned and fixed in space created between buccal and lingual cortex as inlay graft. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically to evaluate the increase of bone width at [Baseline, immediate postoperative (T0)] and six months post-graft (T6). RESULTS: A total of 14 patients (8 males and 6 females) with age range from 20 to 43 years old with a mean of 42.1 years were involved in our study. Radiographically, there was a significant statistical difference in comparing between two groups for the creation of a horizontal alveolar bone at T0. In the inlay group, the mean preoperative bone width was 3.9 ± 0.3 mm at T0 and 5.7 ± 0.5 mm at T6. While in the onlay group, the mean preoperative bone width was 3.7 ± 0.7 mm at T0 while at T6 the mean bone width was 6.1 ± 0.8 mm. This was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Inlay block graft appears to be a successful treatment option for horizontal ridge augmentation in the maxillary arch. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: both techniques are viable techniques for augmentation of atrophic alveolar ridge with uneventful healing. How to cite this article: Elsayed AO, Abdel-Rahman FH, Ahmed WMAS, et al. Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Autogenous Inlay Graft vs Autogenous Onlay Graft for Anterior Maxillary Horizontal Ridge Augmentation: A Randomized Control Clinical Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(2):107-113.

MYTHS AND TRUTHS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF RETINAL VASCULAR OCCLUSION WITH COVID-19.

PURPOSE: To critically review data published in the recent past to scrutinize a causal relationship between retinal vascular occlusion and COVID-19. METHOD: A comprehensive literature search was performed on Pubmed with the key words retinal vascular occlusion, retinal vein occlusion, retinal artery occlusion, and COVID-19. RESULTS: A total of 17 case reports were published during this period, and 10 were on retinal vein occlusion and 7 on retinal artery occlusion. Most of the published reports lacked convincing evidences in one or the other aspects, such as insufficient laboratory workup or presence of multiple confounding risk factors. CONCLUSION: In this index article, strength of the data is insufficient to establish a definitive cause-and-effect relationship of retinal vascular occlusive disorders with COVID-19. Hence, clinicians can continue to manage these cases according to the standard guidelines until there are more robust evidences to support this association to alter the diagnostic and treatment modalities.

"IRIS SHELF" TECHNIQUE FOR MANAGEMENT OF POSTERIOR SEGMENT INTRAOCULAR FOREIGN BODIES.

PURPOSE: To describe "iris shelf" technique for removal of posterior segment intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) through a corneal incision combined with phacovitrectomy and to report its outcomes. METHODS: Medical records of patients with posterior segment metallic IOFBs who had combined phacovitrectomy were collected and analyzed. In all patients, the IOFB was placed on the iris surface after forming the anterior chamber with viscoelastic to be extracted through a corneal phacoemulsification incision. RESULTS: Thirty-three eyes of 33 male patients with a mean age of 31.6 ± 8.3 years were included in the study. The mechanism of injury was hammering in 24 eyes (72.7%) and gunshot in 9 eyes (27.3%). The mean interval between injury and IOFB removal was 14.76 ± 6 days. The mean IOFB volume was 8.5 ± 5.5 mm3, and its longest dimension was 3.45 mm (range, 1-8 mm). The mean preoperative corrected distance visual acuity changed from 20/1,500 (1.79 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) to 20/94 (0.67 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution), postoperatively (P < 0.001). Postoperative complications included retinal detachment (two eyes), proliferative vitreoretinopathy (one eye), epiretinal membrane (one eye), and posterior synechiae (three eyes). CONCLUSION: The "iris shelf" technique with phacovitrectomy is a safe and reproducible approach for posterior segment IOFB extraction through a corneal incision with favorable visual and anatomical outcomes.

Analysis of a two-year independent screening effort for retinopathy of prematurity in rural Egypt.

BACKGROUND: The third epidemic of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has majorly involved middle income countries in which tailored screening and local guidelines require development. The data regarding ROP prevalence and cutoff numbers for screening in Egypt are lacking. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of an independent screening effort spanning 2 years (February 2019 to February 2021) and involving 32 neonatal care units within Sharkia governorate, Egypt. Infants of gestational age (GA) ≤ 34 weeks and/or birth weight (BW) ≤ 2000 g were included, as well as those with unstable clinical course. Two eyecare centers located in Sharkia and Cairo governorates served as referral centers for any required interventions. RESULTS: Of the 276 screened infants, 133 (48.2%) had some form of ROP that was bilateral in 127 (95.5%) of them. Aggressive posterior ROP (AP-ROP) was detected in both eyes of 24 infants (8.7%). The median (IQR) GA of infants with ROP was 32 (30-34) weeks, and the median (IQR) BW was 1600 (1350-2000) g. Sixty-three infants (47.4%) required treatment. Of the total 84 eyes that primarily were treated, 73 (86.9%) received intravitreal ranibizumab, 8 (9.5%) underwent laser ablation therapy, and 3 eyes (3.6%) underwent surgery. Recurrence rate was 16.7% (14 eyes). Final outcome was favorable in 83 eyes (98.8%). Applying the American Academy criteria would have led to the missing of 36.8% of infants with ROP and 28.6% of those requiring treatment in our sample. CONCLUSION: The incidence of both ROP and AP-ROP in the Egyptian rural setting appears to be in the high end of global reported rates. Prevention measures should urgently be planned and implemented.

Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy versus N-Butyl-2 Cyanoacrylate injection in the management of actively bleeding esophageal varices: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The management of acute esophageal variceal bleeding remains a clinical challenge. Band ligation is the main therapeutic option, but it may be technically difficult to perform in active bleeders. This may necessitate an alternative therapy for this group of patients. This study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of sclerotherapy versus cyanoacrylate injection for management of actively bleeding esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients. METHODS: This prospective study included 113 cirrhotic patients with actively bleeding esophageal varices. They were randomly treated by endoscopic sclerotherapy or cyanoacrylate injection as banding was not suitable for those patients due to profuse bleeding making unclear endoscopic visual field. Primary outcome was incidence of active bleeding control and secondary outcomes were incidence of six weeks rebleeding, complications, and mortality among the studied patients. RESULTS: Initial bleeding control was significantly higher in cyanoacrylate versus sclerotherapy groups (98.25, 83.93% respectively, P = 0.007). No significant differences between sclerotherapy and cyanoacrylate groups regarding rebleeding (26.79, 19.30% respectively, P = 0.344), complications, hospital stay or mortality rate were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this single-center prospective study, both of these therapies appear to have relatively favorable outcomes, although cyanoacrylate injection may be superior to sclerotherapy for initial control of active bleeding. TRIAL REGISTRATION: [ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03388125 ]-Date of registration: January 2, 2018 "Retrospectively registered".

Potential impact of fluorescein angiography as a primary imaging modality in the management of diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate current practice patterns for Egyptian ophthalmologists in the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and explore potential implications of these approaches on management. Methods: Cross-sectional survey conducted in Egypt amongst practicing ophthalmologists. Results: The study had 203 responses (~6% of all Egyptian ophthalmologists). A majority of respondents were general ophthalmologists (78.2%), practicing for five to ten years (41.9%). In patients with DR and no diabetic macular edema (DME), 33.0% of respondents would use FA in patients with mild DR, 44.3% in patients with moderate DR and 51.2% in patients with severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Color imaging (CI) was used by less than 1% as the sole imaging modality for any level of DR. Approximately 70% of respondents used fluorescein angiography (FA) to grade and base treatment decisions for DR, either alone or in conjunction with dilated eye exams and/or CI. Given the known more severe appearance of DR on FA than on standard color imaging upon which treatment guidelines are based, use of FA as the primary modality over a one-year period could result in PRP that would otherwise not be suggested in approximately 78,820 eyes at an additional cost of $10.1 million US dollars. These numbers are projected to double by 2045. Conclusion: Given that FA detects significantly greater pathology than CI, and that treatment and follow-up recommendations are based on CI, its use as the primary imaging modality in DR grading may result in apparently significantly higher DR severity, with subsequently increased procedures and associated costs.

CCL2 rs1024611Gene Polymorphism in Philadelphia-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms.

Introduction: The onset of the Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) is caused by acquired somatic mutations in target myeloid genes "driver mutations". The CCL2 gene is overexpressed by non-Hodgkin lymphomas and multiple solid tumors. Aim of the study: to evaluate the possible association of CCL2 rs1024611 SNP and its expression level and the risk of developing Philadelphia-negative MPNs. Patients and methods: A total of 128 newly diagnosed Philadelphia-negative MPN patient and 141 healthy subjects were evaluated for the genotype distribution of CCL2 rs1024611 and CCL2 expression levels. Results: The CCL2 rs1024611 G/G genotype was more frequent and significantly frequent among PMF and Post-PV/ET-MF patients and the mean CCL2 expression levels were significantly higher in PMF and Post-PV/ET-MF compared to the healthy subjects. The CCL2 rs1024611 SNP was significantly correlated to the CCL2 gene expression level and fibrosis grade. ROC analysis for the CCL2 gene expression level that discriminates MF patients from PV + ET patients revealed a sensitivity of 80.43% and a specificity of 73.17% with an AUC of 0.919 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The CCL2 rs1024611 polymorphism could be an independent risk factor for developing MF (PMF and Post-PV/ET-MF). Moreover, CCL2 gene expression could be potential genetic biomarker of fibrotic progression.

The Impact of SKP2 Gene Expression in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

Introduction: The prognosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients has been dramatically improved with the introduction of imatinib (IM), the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). TKI resistance is a serious problem in IM-based therapy. The human S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) gene may play an essential role in the genesis and progression of CML. Aim of the study: We try to explore the diagnostic/prognostic impact of SKP2 gene expression to predict treatment response in first-line IM-treated CML patients at an early response stage. Patients and methods: The gene expression and protein levels of SKP2 were determined using quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA in 100 newly diagnosed CML patients and 100 healthy subjects. Results: SKP2 gene expression and SKP2 protein levels were significantly upregulated in CML patients compared to the control group. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for the SKP2 gene expression level, which that differentiated the CML patients from the healthy subjects, yielded a sensitivity of 86.0% and a specificity of 82.0%, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.958 (p < 0.001). The ROC analysis for the SKP2 gene expression level, which differentiated optimally from the warning/failure responses, yielded a sensitivity of 70.59% and a specificity of 71.21%, with an AUC of 0.815 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The SKP2 gene could be an additional diagnostic and an independent prognostic marker for predicting treatment responses in first-line IM-treated CML patients at an early time point (3 months).

Genetic Risk Profiling Associated with Recurrent Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism.

INTRODUCTION: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE), is a common, acute, multifactorial disease with a five-years cumulative incidence of recurrence of approximately 25%. Actually, no single genetic defect can predict the risk of recurrence of VTE. Therefore, individual genetic risk profiling could be useful for the prediction of VTE recurrence. AIM OF THE STUDY: To assess the combined effect of the common prothrombotic genotypes on the risk of recurrence of VTE in recently diagnosed unprovoked VTE patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This population based, prospective follow-up study was carried out from January 2015 to December 2020 in (internal medicine, cardiovascular medicine and anesthesia and ICU departments, Tanta University Hospital, Egypt) on 224 recently diagnosed unprovoked VTE patients. Whole blood was collected by standard venipuncture at the time of admission prior to the beginning of anticoagulant therapy. Genomic DNA was extracted and was genotyped for the 5-SNPs Genetic risk score (GRS), previously validated for first venous thrombosis (FVL rs6025, PTM rs1799963, ABO rs8176719, FGG rs2066865 and FXI rs2036914). RESULTS: The main important finding in the present study was that patients having ≥3 risk alleles were associated with higher risk of VTE recurrence compared to those having ≤2 risk alleles (the reference group) (HR 2.5, 95% CI 1.48-4.21) (p = 0.001). Patients with GRS ≥ 3 had a significantly shorter time recurrence free survival (43.07 months) compared to the low risk group of patients with GRS (0-2) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: GRS model could be an effective and useful model in risk stratification of VTE patients, and genetic risk profiling of VTE patients could be used for the prediction of recurrence of VTE.

Pattern of Uveitis Associated with Behçet's Disease in an Egyptian Cohort.

PURPOSE: To report the clinical experience of uveitis associated with Behçet's disease in a cohort of Egyptian patients. METHODS: The present study is a retrospective analysis of the medical charts of patients with Behçet's disease, who were referred to a tertiary eye care center in Egypt between June 2010 and June 2018. RESULTS: The current study included 1301 eyes of 681 patients with Behçet's disease. The mean age of the patients at the time of referral was 27.2 ± 3.9 years. Panuveitis was the most common presentation. About 28% of all involved eyes had a final visual acuity <20/200, by the last follow-up visit. CONCLUSION: Behçet's disease is an important cause of uveitis in Egypt, and despite the fact that the prognosis of Behçet's uveitis has globally improved in recent years, the visual outcome in Egypt is still not favorable especially in case of delayed referral to tertiary centers.

Pattern of Intermediate Uveitis in an Egyptian Cohort.

Purpose: To describe the clinical experience with intermediate uveitis at six Egyptian tertiary eye centers.Methods: A multicenter retrospective chart review of all patients with intermediate uveitis seen at six ocular inflammation referral clinics in Egypt between January 2010 and January 2017.Results: The study included a total of 781 patients with intermediate uveitis. The study cohort comprised of 282 male and 499 female patients. In over half of our cohort (58.77%), no specific cause could be confirmed. The remaining patients had sarcoidosis (16.26%), tuberculosis (14.85%), multiple sclerosis (9.09%), and TINU (1.02%). By the end of our study, 62% of the affected eyes had a BCVA better than 20/40Conclusion: More than 40% of our patients with intermediate uveitis had sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, multiple sclerosis, or TINU as the underlying etiology. Owing to their potential morbidity, these diseases need to be considered in Egyptian patients presenting with intermediate uveitis.

Impact of Helicobacter pylori Infection on Gastric Variceal Bleeding among Patients with Liver Cirrhosis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Currently, it is well known that Helicobacter pylori- (H. pylori-) related peptic ulcer is one of the main causes of nonvariceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients. However, there is a lack of data to identify the exact effect of H. pylori infection on variceal bleeding. This study was conducted to identify the impact of H. pylori infection on gastric variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 76 cirrhotic patients with gastric varices were included in this prospective study and divided into 2 groups: nonbleeding gastric varices (32 patients) and bleeding gastric varices (44 patients). The fasting serum gastrin level was measured. Mucosal biopsies from the gastric body and antrum were examined to determine the patterns of gastritis and the presence of H. pylori. RESULTS: The frequency of H. pylori infection in the studied patients was 59.2%. There were significant differences between both groups regarding liver decompensation (P = 0.001), red color sign over gastric varices (P = 0.0011), prevalence of H. pylori infection (P = 0.0049), histological patterns of gastritis (P = 0.0069), and serum gastrin level (P = 0.0200). By multivariate analysis, Child C cirrhosis, red color sign over gastric varices, and H. pylori-induced follicular gastritis were independent risk factors for bleeding from gastric varices. CONCLUSION: H. pylori-induced follicular gastritis is considered as an additional risk factor for bleeding from gastric varices.

Galectin-3 as a prognostic biomarker for diabetic nephropathy.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) represents one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Galectin-3 has been implicated in pathogenesis of many pathological conditions. To date, there are limited data regarding the relationship between galectin-3 and DN. AIM OF THE STUDY: Evaluation of serum galectin-3 as a novel prognostic biomarker in patients with DN. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective study was carried out in the Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology Departments, Tanta University Hospital, Egypt, from March 2015 to March 2018 on 300 patients with type 2 DM. Patients were divided into three groups: group I included 100 patients with albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) <30 mg/g (normoalbuminuria), group II included 100 patients with ACR within 30-300 mg/g (microalbuminuria), and group III included 100 patients with ACR >300 mg/g (macroalbuminuria). All patients were subjected to the following: full history taking, clinical examination, and laboratory evaluation (HbA1c, creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, ACR, and serum galectin-3). RESULTS: The mean levels of galectin-3 were significantly higher in patients with macroalbuminuria than in those with microalbuminuria and normoalbuminuria. Galectin-3 was a significant predictor for progression to microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria, dialysis, and death among patients with type 2 DM. CONCLUSION: Based on this single center prospective study, serum galectin-3 is considered a significant predictor for DN progression among patients with type 2 DM.

Methods for inactivation of Toxoplasma gondii cysts in meat and tissues of experimentally infected sheep.

This study utilized infectivity bioassays in cats and mice to assess the efficacy of inactivation of Toxoplasma gondii cysts in experimentally infected sheep meat and tissues subjected to chilling, freezing, heating, microwave cooking, and gamma ray irradiation. Heating at 60 degrees C or 100 degrees C for 10 minutes, freezing at either -10 degrees C for 3 days or -20 degrees C for 2 days, or irradiation at doses of 75 or 100 krad was sufficient to kill tissue cysts. Meanwhile, neither cooking in a microwave nor chilling at 5 degrees C for 5 days was sufficient to kill tissue cysts.

Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Immediate Loaded Dental Implants With Local Application of Melatonin: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Immediate loading of dental implants in situations where low bone density exist, such as the posterior maxillary region, became possible recently after the introduction of biomimetic agents. This 1-year preliminary clinical trial was carried out to clinically and radiographically evaluate immediate-loaded 1-piece implants with local application of melatonin in the osteotomy site as a biomimetic material. 14 patients with missing maxillary premolars were randomized to receive 14 implants of 1-piece type that were subjected to immediate loading after 2 weeks of initial placement. Group I included 7 implants with acid-etched surface while group II included 7 implants with acid-etched surface combined with local application of melatonin gel at the osteotomy site. Patients were recalled for follow up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after loading. All implants were considered successful after 12 months of follow-up. Significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between both groups at 1 month of implant loading when considering the implant stability. At 1 and 3 months there were significant differences in the marginal bone level between the 2 groups. These results suggest that the local application of melatonin at the osteotomy site is associated with good stability and minimal bone resorption. However, more studies for longer follow-up periods are required to confirm the effect of melatonin hormone on osseointegration of dental implants.

Odontogenic tumors in Dakahlia, Egypt: analysis of 82 cases.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to analyze the frequency and distribution of different types of odontogenic tumors in Dakahlia, Egypt, and to compare them with various reports from other parts of the world. STUDY DESIGN: Records of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology Departments, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, with histologic diagnosis of odontogenic tumors (based on the World Health Organization classification, 2005), during a 15-year period, were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 82 cases of odontogenic tumors were reported. Of these, (96.3%) were benign and (3.7%) were malignant. Ameloblastoma (41.5%) was the most frequent type, followed by keratocystic odontogenic tumor (19.5%), odontoma (13.4%), and odontogenic myxoma (8.5%). The mean age of the patients was 29.57 years, with a wide range (4-80 years). CONCLUSIONS: Odontogenic tumors show a definite geographic variation. In Dakahlia, Egypt, ameloblastoma and keratocystic odontogenic tumor are the most frequent odontogenic tumors, with distinct anatomic predilections.

Immunohistochemical analysis of P53 protein in odontogenic cysts.

The p53 is a well-known tumor suppressor gene, the mutations of which are closely related to the decreased differentiation of cells. Findings of studies on immunohistochemical P53 expression in odontogenic cysts are controversial. The present study was carried-out to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of P53 protein in odontogenic cysts. Thirty paraffin blocks of diagnosed odontogenic cysts were processed to determine the immunohistochemical expression of P53 protein. Nine of the 11 odontogenic keratocysts (81.8%) expressed P53, one of three dentigerous cyst cases expressed P53, while none of the 16 radicular cysts expressed P53 protein. The findings of the present work supported the reclassification of OKC as keratocystic odontogenic tumor.