RESUMEN
Studies on mechanical size effects in nanosized metals unanimously highlight both intrinsic microstructures and extrinsic dimensions for understanding size-dependent properties, commonly focusing on strengths of uniform microstructures, e.g., single-crystalline/nanocrystalline and nanoporous, as a function of pillar diameters, D. We developed a hydrogel infusion-based additive manufacturing (AM) technique using two-photon lithography to produce metals in prescribed 3D-shapes with â¼100 nm feature resolution. We demonstrate hierarchical microstructures of as-AM-fabricated Ni nanopillars (D â¼ 130-330 nm) to be nanoporous and nanocrystalline, with d â¼ 30-50 nm nanograins subtending each ligament in bamboo-like arrangements and pores with critical dimensions comparable to d. In situ nanocompression experiments unveil their yield strengths, σ, to be â¼1-3 GPa, above single-crystalline/nanocrystalline counterparts in the D range, a weak size dependence, σ â D-0.2, and localized-to-homogenized transition in deformation modes mediated by nanoporosity, uncovered by molecular dynamics simulations. This work highlights hierarchical microstructures on mechanical response in nanosized metals and suggests small-scale engineering opportunities through AM-enabled microstructures.
RESUMEN
Two-photon polymerization (2PP) is becoming increasingly established as additive manufacturing technology for microfabrication due to its high-resolution and the feasibility of generating complex parts. Until now, the high resolution of 2PP is also its bottleneck, as it limited throughput and therefore restricted the application to the production of microparts. Thus, mechanical properties of 2PP materials can only be characterized using nonstandardized specialized microtesting methods. Due to recent advances in 2PP technology, it is now possible to produce parts in the size of several millimeters to even centimeters, finally permitting the fabrication of macrosized testing specimens. Besides suitable hardware systems, 2PP materials exhibiting favorable mechanical properties that allow printing of up-scaled parts are strongly demanded. In this work, the up-scalability of three different photopolymers is investigated using a high-throughput 2PP system and low numerical aperture optics. Testing specimens in the cm-range are produced and tested with common or even standardized material testing methods available in conventionally equipped polymer testing labs. Examples of the characterization of mechanical, thermo-mechanical, and fracture properties of 2PP processed materials are shown. Additionally, aspects such as postprocessing and aging are investigated. This lays a foundation for future expansion of the 2PP technology to broader industrial application.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures have been used widely to screen for depression, anxiety, and symptoms in cancer patients. Computer-based applications that collect patients' responses and transfer them to the treating health professional in real time have the potential to improve patient well-being and cancer outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This study will test the feasibility and acceptability of a newly developed eHealth system which facilitates PRO data capture from cancer patients, data linkage and retrieval to support clinical decisions and patient self-management, and data retrieval to support ongoing evaluation and innovative research. METHODS: The eHealth system is being developed in consultation with 3 overarching content-specific expert advisory groups convened for this project: the clinical advisory group, technical advisory group, and evaluation advisory group. The following work has already been completed during this phase of the study: the Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Personalized Treatment and Care (PROMPT-Care) eHealth system was developed, patient-reported outcomes were selected (distress, symptoms, unmet needs), algorithms to inform intervention thresholds for clinical and self-management were determined, clinician PRO feedback summary and longitudinal reports were designed, and patient self-management resources were collated. PROsaiq, a custom information technology system, will transfer PRO data in real time into the hospital-based oncology information system to support clinical decision making. The PROMPT-Care system feasibility and acceptability will be assessed through patients completing PROMPT-Care assessments, participating in face-to-face cognitive interviews, and completing evaluation surveys and telephone interviews and oncology staff participating in telephone interviews. RESULTS: Over the course of 3 months, the system will be pilot-tested with up to 50 patients receiving treatment or follow-up care and 6 oncology staff at 2 hospitals in New South Wales, Australia. Data will be collected to determine the accuracy and completeness of data transfer procedures, extent of missing data from participants' assessments, acceptability of the eHealth system and usefulness of the self-management resources (via patient evaluation surveys and interviews), and acceptability and perceived usefulness of real-time PRO reporting (via oncology staff interviews) at the completion of the pilot phase. CONCLUSIONS: This research investigates implementation of evidence into real world clinical practice through development of an efficient and user-friendly eHealth system. This study of feasibility and acceptability of the newly developed eHealth system will inform the next stage of larger scale testing and future implementation of the system as part of routine care. CLINICALTRIAL: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN1261500135294; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=369299&isReview=true (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6lzylG5A0).