Molecular background of D-negative phenotype in the Tunisian population.

BACKGROUND: Most studies of the molecular basis of Rhesus D-negative phenotype have been conducted in Caucasian and African populations. A comprehensive survey of RHD alleles was lacking in people from North Africa (Tunisians, Moroccans and Algerians) which could be very efficient for managing donors and patients carrying an RHD molecular variant. We analyse the molecular background of D-negative population in Tunisia in the present study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples were collected from native Tunisians. A total of 448 D-negative donors from different regions of Tunisia were analysed by RHD genotyping according to an adopted strategy using real-time PCR, ASP-PCR and sequencing. RESULTS: Among the 448 D-negative samples, 443 were phenotyped unequivocally as true D-negative including three molecular backgrounds which were RHD gene deletion (n = 437), RHDψ pseudogene (n = 2) and RHD-CE-D hybrid gene (n = 4) with the respective frequencies of 0·9900, 0·0023 and 0·0046. The remaining five samples, in discordance with the serological results, were identified as two weak D type 11, one weak D type 29, one weak D type 4·0 and one DBT-1 partial D. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the Tunisian population gets closer to Caucasians, given that the RHD gene deletion is the most prevalent cause of D-negative phenotype, but it is slightly different by the presence of the RHDψ pseudogene which was found with a very low frequency compared with that described in the African population. Nevertheless, the relative occurrence of weak D variants among studied serologically D-negative samples make necessary the adaptation of RHD genotyping strategy to the spectrum of prevalent alleles.

RHD positive among C/E+ and D-negative blood donors in Tunisia.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to investigate RHD alleles among Tunisian blood donors with D-negative phenotype and positive for C and/or E antigen. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 100 D-negative and C/E+ samples were analyzed by RHD genotyping using an initial test for RHD exon 10. In case of a positive reaction, further molecular investigations including real time quantitative PCR, allele specific PCR and nucleotide sequencing were done to elucidate the RHD involved mechanisms. RESULTS: Seventy-five percent of the studied samples lacked the RHD gene. Twenty-three percent carried the hybrid RHD-CE-D alleles (16 RHD-CE(3-7)-D, 5 RHD-CE(4-7)-D, 1 RHD-CE(4-8)-D, 1 RHD-CE(3-8)-D) and 2% were weak D (1 weak D type 1 and 1 weak D type 5). CONCLUSION: Our study proved the high frequency of RHD gene among serologically D-negative samples, positive for C and/or E antigen. Thus achieving systematically RHCE phenotyping in all transfusion centers on the Tunisian territory and considering blood donated from D-negative C/E+ persons as D-positive will be recommended to reduce anti-D allo-immunization.