RESUMEN
Pulmonary aspergillosis is a group of mycotic diseases affecting the lungs. The form of the disease mainly depends on the immune status of the patient and underlying conditions. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis usually affects immunocompromised patients - angio-invasive and airway-invasive forms are possible. Chronic aspergillosis usually appears in mildly immunosuppressed or immunocompetent patients with underlying structural lung changes and may have diverse forms: simple aspergilloma, chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis, chronic fibrosing pulmonary aspergillosis, subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, aspergillus nodules and endobronchial aspergilloma. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is a hyper-reactivity reaction to Aspergillus species, and usually develops in asthma and cystic fibrosis patients. The aim of this article is to comprehensively overview different forms of aspergillosis, their symptoms and underlying conditions and to present imaging findings.
Asunto(s)
Aspergilosis Broncopulmonar Alérgica , Aspergilosis , Aspergilosis Pulmonar Invasiva , Aspergilosis Pulmonar , Humanos , Aspergilosis Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
The mitral valve apparatus is one of the key structures of the heart with complex anatomy and function. The prevalence of mitral valve disease is associated with age: elderly people are affected more frequently. There are multiple inherited and acquired conditions; tumors may also involve the mitral valve. Stenosis and regurgitation are the main manifestations of valvular disease. Echocardiography, computed tomography, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging are widely applied techniques for anatomical and functional evaluation of the mitral valve. Each of the modalities has unique applications and limitations, therefore assessment of mitral valve disease requires a multimodality imaging approach. In this pictorial essay, we review normal anatomy and physiology of the mitral valve as well as multimodality imaging manifestations of mitral valve disease.
Asunto(s)
Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral , Válvula Mitral , Anciano , Ecocardiografía , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Válvula Mitral/diagnóstico por imagen , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagen MultimodalRESUMEN
Supplemental material is available for this article.