Interruptions During Medication Administration: A Descriptive Study.

Interruptions decrease the efficiency of the medication administration process. In this study, interruptions were found in 63% of the medication passes on four medical-surgical units in a community hospital. However, interruptions do not always lead to negative outcomes.

Risk of gastrointestinal bleeding with dabigatran: a head-to-head comparative study with rivaroxaban.

INTRODUCTION: The risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding of dabigatran and rivaroxaban is relatively unexplored. The aim of our study was to compare this risk in both drugs. METHODS: We examined the medical records of patients on either dabigatran or rivaroxaban from October 2010 to April 2013 in two hospitals. RESULTS: A total of 374 patients (147 rivaroxaban vs. 227 dabigatran) were identified. GI bleeding occurred in 5.3% in the dabigatran when compared to 4.8% in the rivaroxaban group (p = 0.8215). Multivariate analysis showed that the odds of GI bleeding while on dabigatran for ≤40 days when compared to ≥40 days was 8.3 (p < 0.0001). In the rivaroxaban group, patients who were on the drug for ≤40 days had a higher incidence of bleeding when compared to those >40 days (OR = 2.8, p = 0.023). Concomitant use of antiplatelets (single or dual) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was not associated with increased bleeding in the dabigatran group; however, the use of dual antiplatelet agents with rivaroxaban was associated with an increased risk of GI bleeding (OR = 7.4, p = 0.0378). Prior GI bleeding had a higher risk of bleeding in the rivaroxaban group (OR = 15.5, p = 0.0002). CONCLUSION: Dabigatran was not associated with a higher incidence of GI bleeding. Both drugs had a higher bleeding risk in the first 40 days.

Risk of Gastrointestinal Bleeding with Rivaroxaban: A Comparative Study with Warfarin.

Introduction. The risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding with rivaroxaban has not been studied extensively. The aim of our study was to assess this risk in comparison to warfarin. Methods. We examined the medical records for patients who were started on rivaroxaban or warfarin from April 2011 to April 2013. Results. We identified 300 patients (147 on rivaroxaban versus 153 on warfarin). GI bleeding occurred in 4.8% patients with rivaroxaban when compared to 9.8% patients in warfarin group (p = 0.094). GI bleeding occurred in 8% with therapeutic doses of rivaroxaban (>10 mg/d) compared to 9.8% with warfarin (p = 0.65). Multivariate analysis showed that patients who were on rivaroxaban for ≤40 days had a higher incidence of GI bleeding than those who were on it for >40 days (OR = 2.8, p = 0.023). Concomitant use of dual antiplatelet agents was associated with increased risk of GI bleeding in the rivaroxaban group (OR = 7.4, p = 0.0378). Prior GI bleeding was also a risk factor for GI bleeding in rivaroxaban group (OR = 15.5). Conclusion. The incidence of GI bleeding was similar between rivaroxaban and warfarin. The risk factors for GI bleeding with rivaroxaban were the first 40 days of taking the drug, concomitant dual antiplatelet agents, and prior GI bleeding.

Gastrointestinal bleeding with dabigatran, a comparative study with warfarin: a multicenter experience.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding with dabigatran when compared to warfarin has been controversial in the literature. The aim of our study was to assess this risk with the use of dabigatran. METHODS: We examined the medical records of patients who were started on dabigatran or warfarin from October 2010 to October 2012. The study was conducted in two hospitals. RESULTS: A total of 417 patients were included (208 dabigatran vs. 209 warfarin). GI bleeding occurred in 10 patients (4.8%) in the dabigatran group compared to 21 patients (10.1%) in the warfarin group (p=0.0375). Multivariate analysis showed that patients who were on dabigatran for ≤ 100 days had a higher incidence of GI bleeding than those who were on it for >100 days (p=0.0007). The odds of GI bleeding in patients who were on dabigatran for ≤ 100 days was 8.2 times higher compared to those who were on the drug for >100 days. The incidence of GI bleeding in patients >65 years old was higher than in those <65 years old (p=0.0453, OR=3). History of previous GI bleeding was another risk factor for GI bleeding in the dabigatran group (p=0.036, OR=6.3). The lower GI tract was the most common site for GI bleeding in the dabigatran group (80.0% vs. 38.1%, p=0.014). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of GI bleeding was lower with dabigatran. The risk factors for GI bleeding with dabigatran were the first 100 days, age >65 years, and a history of previous GI bleeding.

Pain management after total knee arthroplasty: a case­control study of continuous nerve block therapy.

BACKGROUND: Continuous femoral nerve block infusions (CFNBIs) have been found to both decrease patient postoperative pain and improve postoperative joint mobilization, both of which impact patient satisfaction, outcome, and length of stay. When we began the use of CFNBIs, we needed to create a policy, process, standing order form, and staff education plan as well as a means to maximize therapy efficacy and believed that a research study would best meet those needs. PURPOSE: To evaluate the patient response to the institution of CFNBI therapy, identify process improvement areas, and suggest areas for future study. METHODS: Through retrospective chart review, using a case­control research design with 27 pairs of patients matched by body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists patient physical status classification, and age, we examined whether patients receiving CFNBI therapy after total knee arthroplasty would report less postoperative pain, require less narcotics, and achieve mobilization goals earlier than patients receiving traditional narcotic analgesia only. RESULTS: The CFNBI case group reported significantly less pain over the fi rst three postoperative days ( p = .05), but findings revealed no significant differences between case and control groups in total narcotic use or achievement of mobility goals. On the basis of this study, we increased the CFNBI drug concentration and expect that this will allow us to meet all 3 patient goals. CONCLUSION: This study has added to previous research that supports CFNBI as a proven therapy to decrease postoperative pain in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. The structure of a research project facilitates the implementation, evaluation, and improvement of such new therapies. Evaluating patient data allows identification of process improvement areas­in our case, the change in drug concentration­as well as the need for staff education aimed at facilitating their active participation in CFNBI therapy.

Ischemic colitis: A forgotten entity. Results of a retrospective study in 118 patients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to document our 6-year experiences in identifying the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, risk factors and the outcomes of patients with ischemic colitis (IC) in a community hospital setting. METHODS: The medical records of patients who were diagnosed with IC from 2007 to 2013 in two community hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. Their clinical characteristics, laboratory results, radiological, endoscopic and histological evidence, anatomic location of the lesion, comorbidities, concomitant use of drugs, and so on, were collected. RESULTS: A total of 118 patients with IC was identified, most were elderly individuals with a female predominance. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain, rectal bleeding and diarrhea. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus were the most common comorbidities. Erythema, edema and erosions/ulcerations were the most common endoscopic findings. Left colon was the most affected location of lesion (84.8%), and there was one case of pancolitis. The descending colon was the most common affected segment, while rectum was the least affected segment. Severe IC occurred in 12.7% of the patients. Death within 30 days from the diagnosis of the disease occurred in 4.2%. CONCLUSIONS: IC is majorly occurred in elderly with a female predominance. Cardiovascular disease and its associated risk factors are the most common comorbidities. Left colon is the most affected location of the disease and the overall mortality rate was 4.2%. Physicians should make every effort to identify these patients, especially those with high risks.

Risk factors of recurrent ischemic colitis: a multicenter retrospective study.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Recurrence of ischemic colitis (IC) has not been studied extensively. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of recurrent IC in the community setting and to identify any risk factors. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study in two community hospitals. Medical records of patients with IC from January 2007 to January 2013 were reviewed. Demographic details, clinical features, co- morbidities, concomitant use of medications,laboratory studies, imaging findings, endoscopic and histological features, surgery, hospital stay, and death within 30 days were collected. Patients were divided into two groups (recurrent IC group, non-recurrent IC group). RESULTS: A total of 118 patients with IC were identified. IC recurred in 10 patients (8.5%) during the study period. Half of the patients in the recurrent IC group were current smokers as compared to only 18.7% of patients in the non-recurrent group. In the recurrent IC group, 20.0% of patients never smoked as compared to 61.7% in the non-recurrent group (p=0.027).Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) was more frequent in the recurrent IC group (40.0% vs. 4.7%; p=0.003). No differences in other clinical symptoms, CT scan findings, comorbidities, endoscopic features, or use of concomitant medications were observed between the two groups. The need for surgical intervention, blood transfusion, intensive care unit stay, mechanical ventilation,length of hospital stay, and anatomic location of affected segments did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: IC recurred in 8.5% of patients during the six-year study period. Current smoking status and presence of AAA were identifying risk factors for recurrence of IC.